Heavy Burden Research Articles

Cardio-oncology rehabilitation: are we ready?

Cardio-oncology rehabilitation (CORE) is not only an essential component of cancer rehabilitation but also a pillar of preventive cardio-oncology. Cardio-oncology rehabilitation is a comprehensive model based on a multitargeted approach and its efficacy has been widely documented; when compared with an 'exercise only' programme, comprehensive CORE demonstrates a better outcome. It involves nutritional counselling, psychological support, and cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment, and it is directed to a very demanding population with a heavy burden of CV diseases driven by physical inactivity, cancer therapy-induced metabolic derangements, and cancer therapy-related CV toxicities. Despite its usefulness, CORE is still underused in cancer patients and we are still at the dawning of remote models of rehabilitation (tele-rehabilitation). Not all CORE is created equally: a careful screening procedure to identify patients who will benefit the most from CORE and a multidisciplinary customized approach are mandatory to achieve a better outcome for cancer survivors throughout their cancer journey. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated review of CORE not only for cardiologists dealing with this peculiar population of patients but also for oncologists, primary care providers, patients, and caregivers. This multidisciplinary team should help cancer patients to maintain a healthy and active life before, during, and after cancer treatment, in order to improve quality of life and to fight health inequities.

Caregiver Burden for Carers of Chronically Mentally Ill Patients: A Study With Families in Cyprus

Having a chronically mentally ill person in the family presents a challenge for the entire family system, not only on a daily life basis but also regarding their psycho-emotional and social life. The present study focuses on caregivers of chronically ill patients' burden on four levels of possible disruption: the economic burden, the impact on family life, sociability, health, and behavior, and the impact of perceived aggression by considering the demographic characteristics of the caregivers, but also the socio-demographic characteristics of the chronically ill family member(s) they are taking care of. We conducted a quantitative survey with a sample of 90 family members/caregivers and the corresponding 90 chronically ill patients under their care from all districts of the Republic of Cyprus. Participants completed the "Family Burden Scale" (FBS-23) (Madianos et al., 2004), a personal information form with demographic information, and a questionnaire regarding the demographics and the illness trajectory of the chronically mentally ill family member (age of disease onset, diagnosis, frequency of episodes). Our findings showed that most caregivers providing systematic care for a family member experienced high levels of disruption in their daily routine and sociability, perceived high levels of aggressive behaviors, felt moderately affected in their health and behavior, and carried a heavy economic burden. Older participants felt a significantly higher economic burden than younger caregivers, who perceived a significantly more significant negative impact on their health and behavior from taking care of a chronically ill family member.

Burden of Stroke Attributable to Nonoptimal Temperature in 204 Countries and Territories: A Population-Based Study, 1990-2019.

Stroke attributable to nonoptimal temperature needs more attention with dramatic climate change. The aim of this study was to estimate the global burden and distribution characteristics of the burden. In this ecological study, we collected data from the Climate Research Unit Gridded Time Series, the World Bank databases, and the Global Burden of Diseases study to estimate the distribution of burden. We used the joinpoint model, decomposition analysis, age-period-cohort model, panel data analysis, and health inequality analysis to assess the different types of stroke burden attributable to different climatic conditions. The burden of stroke attributable to nonoptimal temperature continued to grow, and aging was a key factor in this increase. In 2019, 521,031 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 402,433-663,996) deaths and 9,423,649 (95% UI 7,207,660-12,055,172) disability-adjusted life years [DALYs] attributable to stroke due to nonoptimal temperature were recorded globally. Globally, men (age-standardized mortality rate [ASMR] 7.70, 95% UI 5.80-9.73; age-standardized DALY rate [ASDR] 139.69, 95% UI 102.96-178.54 in 2019) had a heavier burden than women (ASMR 5.89, 95% UI 4.50-7.60; ASDR 96.02, 95% UI 72.62-123.85 in 2019). Central Asia (ASMR 18.12, 95% UI 13.40-24.53; ASDR 327.35, 95% UI 240.24-440.61 in 2019) had the heaviest burden at the regional level. In the national level, North Macedonia (ASMR 32.97, 95% UI 20.57-47.44 in 2019) and Mongolia (ASDR 568.54, 95% UI 242.03-1,031.14 in 2019) had the highest ASMR/ASDR, respectively. Low temperature currently contributes to the main burden (deaths 474,002, 95% UI 355,077-606,537; DALYs 8,357,198, 95% UI 6,186,217-10,801,911 attributable to low temperature vs deaths 48,030, 95% UI 5,630-104,370; DALYs 1,089,329, 95% UI 112,690-2,375,345 attributable to high temperature in 2019). However, the burden due to high temperature has increased rapidly, especially among people aged older than 10 years, and was disproportionately concentrated in low sociodemographic index (SDI) regions such as Africa. In addition, the rapid increase in the stroke burden due to high temperature in Central Asia also requires special attention. This is the first study to assess the global stroke burden attributed to nonoptimal temperature. The dramatic increase in the burden due to high temperature requires special attention, especially in low-SDI countries.

Cardio-reno-Metabolic health: discussing the recommendations of the American Heart Association

In recent years, the importance of the concept of cardio-reno-metabolic health (CRMH) has been increasingly emphasized, reflecting the close pathogenetic and clinical relationship of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), renal dysfunction and metabolic health in general. CVD, kidney disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes) are the key causes of high disability and mortality worldwide, and therefore cause a heavy economic burden on the health systems of all countries. Understanding the basic principles of identifying and correcting common risk factors makes it possible to identify the main strategies aimed at improving the quality and life expectancy of patients. In 2023, the American Heart Association presented updated recommendations on cardiovascular, renal and metabolic health, which describes approaches to the definition, principles of staging, prevention strategies, as well as algorithms for the treatment of cardio-reno-metabolic syndrome (CRMS). This review presents the key provisions on the management of CRMS proposed in these clinical recommendations.

Persistent Mesodermal Differentiation Capability of Bone Marrow MSCs Isolated from Aging Patients with Low-Energy Traumatic Hip Fracture and Osteoporosis: A Clinical Evidence.

A low-energy hit, such as a slight fall from a bed, results in a bone fracture, especially in the hip, which is a life-threatening risk for the older adult and a heavy burden for the social economy. Patients with low-energy traumatic bone fractures usually suffer a higher level of bony catabolism accompanied by osteoporosis. Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) are critical in osteogenesis, leading to metabolic homeostasis in the healthy bony microenvironment. However, whether the BMSCs derived from the patients who suffered osteoporosis and low-energy traumatic hip fractures preserve a sustained mesodermal differentiation capability, especially in osteogenesis, is yet to be explored in a clinical setting. Therefore, we aimed to collect BMSCs from clinical hip fracture patients with osteoporosis, followed by osteogenic differentiation comparison with BMSCs from healthy young donors. The CD markers identification, cytokines examination, and adipogenic differentiation were also evaluated. The data reveal that BMSCs collected from elderly osteoporotic patients secreted approximately 122.8 pg/mL interleukin 6 (IL-6) and 180.6 pg/mL vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but no PDGF-BB, IL-1b, TGF-b1, IGF-1, or TNF-α secretion. The CD markers and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capability in BMSCs from these elderly osteoporotic patients and healthy young donors are equivalent and compliant with the standards defined by the International Society of Cell Therapy (ISCT). Collectively, our data suggest that the elderly osteoporotic patients-derived BMSCs hold equivalent differentiation and proliferation capability and intact surface markers identical to BMSCs collected from healthy youth and are available for clinical cell therapy.

Exploring the Gut Microbiome's Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Insights and Interventions.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory condition of the intestine that significantly impairs quality of life and imposes a heavy burden on healthcare systems globally. While the exact etiology of IBD is unclear, it is influenced by genetic, environmental, immunological, and microbial factors. Recent advances highlight the gut microbiome's pivotal role in IBD pathogenesis. The microbial dysbiosis characteristic of IBD, marked by a decline in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pathogenic microbes, suggests a profound connection between microbial imbalance and disease mechanisms. This review explores diagnostic approaches to IBD that integrate clinical assessment with advanced microbiological analyses, highlighting the potential of microbiome profiling as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. In addition, it evaluates conventional and emerging treatments and discusses microbiome-targeted intervention prospects, such as probiotics, symbiotics, and faecal microbiota transplantation. The necessity for future research to establish their efficacy and safety is emphasised.

Research progress in the diagnosis and treatment of childhood glaucoma

Childhood glaucoma is a disease that seriously endangers children's visual health. It will accompany the patients throughout their lives and bring a heavy burden to families and society. Most childhood blindness caused by glaucoma is preventable or treatable. Relevant research has made progress in recent years. Based on the new consensus reached by the World Glaucoma Association and the latest medical evidence at home and abroad, this article summarizes the definition, classification, diagnosis, molecular genetics, pathogenesis and comprehensive treatments including drugs and surgery of childhood glaucoma, with a focus on the application of various surgical methods, so as to provide reference for clinical and scientific research and improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of childhood glaucoma.

Determination of Heavy Metals in Indoor Dust in the Vicinity of Kota Thermal Power Plant under Meteorological Influence at an Industrial City

Nowadays, the assessment of indoor air quality becomes quite significant owing to the extensive residing time spent by people at work place or at office. Keeping this in mind, this study aims at determining concentrations of selected anthropogenic origin metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) and crustal origin metals (Ca and Fe) in 47 dust samples obtained from indoor environment of houses in the industrial Kota city, India in summer months (March, April and May, 2022) and October 2022 under meteorological influence. On looking at the comparative concentration of the studied anthropogenic origin metals (Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn) Zn is found to be in highest concentration followed by Pb, Cu and Cd respectively. During summer season, meteorological parameters such as speed and direction of wind, relative humidity, temperature have been observed which are found to affect the concentration of metals. The wind rose indicates the sampling sites facing predominant North wind direction (21.20%) from point source Kota Thermal Power Plant (KTPP) in summer were closest to the source and hence encountered the highest metal burden. It is inferred from Enrichment factor, Pearson’s correlations and principal component analysis that coal burning at Kota Thermal Power Plant is the major source of heavy metal burden accompanied by other anthropogenic actions in the study area.

The relationship between the caregiver burden and quality of life in parents of Turkish children with anorectal malformation or Hirschsprung's disease

BackgroundAnorectal malformation (ARM) or Hirschsprung's disease (HD) in children impact on parents' burden of care and quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between caregiver burden and QoL in parents of children with ARM or HD. Design and methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted with 51 parents who completed the Zarit Burden Inventory (ZBI) and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Short Form Turkish Version (WHOQOL-BREF-TR). ResultsThe mean (±SD) ZBI score was 33.6 (±12.7), and 47.1% of parents (n = 24) perceived their caregiver burden as mild, 31.4% (n = 16) as moderate, and 3.9% (n = 2) as severe. According to the multivariate linear regression, associated anomalies (β1 = 5.912), family income (β1 = −6.007), stoma care (β1 = 8.287), and diagnosis were identified to be significant determinants of caregiver burden. A negative, moderate, and significant relationship was identified between the ZBI scores and the physical domain (r = −0.417, p < .01), psychological domain (r = −0.421, p < .01), social relations domain (r = −0.398, p < .01), and environmental domain (r = −0.495, p < .01) scores of the WHOQOL-BREF-TR. ConclusionsThe mothers perceived their caregiver burden as mild. However, a significant number of parents suffer from moderate to heavy caregiver burden. An increase in the caregiver burden of parents reduces their quality of life. Practice implicationsHeightened awareness of the potential for caregiver burden and its association with quality of life among parents of children with ARM and HD may contribute to improved.

Bibliometric and visualized analysis of global research on microRNAs in gastric cancer: from 2013 to 2023.

Gastric cancer (GC) imposes a heavy burden on global public health, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in the diagnosis and treatment of GC. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the hotspots and frontiers in the field of miRNAs in GC to guide future research. A total of 2,051 publications related to miRNAs in GC from January 2013 to December 2023 were searched from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace was used to identify research hotspots and delineate developmental trends. In the past decade, China, Nanjing Medical University, and Ba Yi were the most contributing research country, institute, and author in this field, respectively. The role of miRNAs as biomarkers in GC, the mechanism of miRNAs in the progression of GC, and the impact of the mutual effects between miRNAs and Helicobacter pylori on GC have been regarded as the research hotspots. The mechanisms of miRNAs on glucose metabolism and the application of the roles of circular RNAs as miRNA sponges in GC treatment will likely be frontiers. Overall, this study called for strengthened cooperation to identify targets and therapeutic regimes for local specificity and high-risk GC types, and to promote the translation of research results into clinical practice.

Global burden of liver cirrhosis 1990–2019 and 20 years forecast: results from the global burden of disease study 2019

Background Cirrhosis is a disease that imposes a heavy burden worldwide, but its incidence varies widely by region. Therefore, we analysed data on the incidence and mortality of cirrhosis in 204 countries and territories from 1990–2019 and projected the disease development from 2019–2039. Methods Data on the incidence and mortality of liver cirrhosis from 1990 to 2019 were acquired from the public Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. In addition, the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of the age-standardized rate (ASR) of cirrhosis in different regions were calculated. The estimates of risk factor exposure were summarized, and the proportion of causes and risk factors of liver cirrhosis and their relationship with the human development index (HDI) and socio–demographic index (SDI) were analysed. Trends in the incidence of cirrhosis in 2019–2039 were predicted using Nordpred and BAPC models. Results Globally, the ASR of cirrhosis incidence decreased by 0.05% per year from 25.7/100,000 in 1990 to 25.3/100,000 in 2019. The mortality risk associated with cirrhosis is notably lower in females than in males (13 per 100,000 vs 25 per 100,000). The leading cause of cirrhosis shifted from hepatitis B to C. Globally, alcohol use increased by 14%. In line, alcohol use contributed to 49.3% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 48.4% of global deaths from liver cirrhosis. Countries with a low ASR in 1990 experienced a faster increase in cirrhosis, whereas in 2019, the opposite was observed. In countries with high SDI, the ASR of cirrhosis is generally lower. Finally, projections indicate that the number and incidence of cirrhosis will persistently rise from 2019–2039. Conclusions Cirrhosis poses an increasing health burden. Given the changing etiology, there is an imperative to strengthen the prevention of hepatitis C and alcohol consumption, to achieve early reduce the incidence of cirrhosis.

Tobacco Cessation: A Review

Tobacco use is one of the biggest public health threats. Tobacco use is clearly a big hazard in terms of its magnitude and use in different forms. There is no safe level of exposure to tobacco, as users can experience health consequences at any age. Globally, it accounts for 8 million deaths every year, among which 1.3 million are due to second-hand smoking. It also has heavy social and economic burdens. Tobacco is the most important preventable cause of death and disease among adults. The burden of tobacco-related illness and death is heaviest in low- and middle-income countries, due to a lack of public awareness, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and weak regulatory interventions. Most of the tobacco users who become aware of the dangers of tobacco-use want to quit. However, the nicotine present in tobacco products is highly addictive and makes it difficult to quit. Without proper cessation support, hardly 4% of users who attempt to quit tobacco use will succeed. Tobacco cessation in the adult population is essential to accelerate the reduction in smoking-related morbidity and mortality.

Hearing loss prevalence and burden of disease in China: Findings from provincial-level analysis.

Without timely and effective rehabilitation, hearing loss may profoundly affect human life quality. China has a large population of hearing-impaired individuals, which imposes a heavy health burden on society. Moreover, this population is projected to increase rapidly owing to China's aging society. We used data from a population-representative epidemiological investigation of hearing loss and ear diseases in four Chinese provinces. We estimated the national prevalence using multiple linear regression of the age-group proportions and prevalence in 31 provinces with clustering analysis. We used years lived with disability (YLDs) to analyze the disease burden and forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss by 2060 in China. An estimated 115 million people had moderate-to-complete hearing loss in 2015 across the 31 provinces of China (8.4% of 1.37 billion people). Of these, 85.7% were older than age 50years (99 million people) and 2.4% were younger than 20years old (2.8 million people). Of all YLDs attributable to hearing loss, 68.9% were attributable to moderate-to-complete cases. By 2060, a projected 242 million people in China will have moderate-to-complete hearing loss, a 110.0% increase from 2015. The hearing loss prevalence in China is high. Population aging and socioeconomic factors substantially affect the prevalence and severity of hearing loss and the disease burden. The prevalence and severity of hearing loss are unevenly distributed across different provinces. Future public health policies should take these trends and regional variations into account.

Cardiac amyloidosis at a glance.

Amyloidosis can affect any organ in the body by deposition of amyloid fibrils. When these aggregate in the heart, it leads to cardiac amyloidosis a life-threatening and progressive disease. Although considered a rare condition, advances in imaging techniques and raised awareness have shown that it might be more frequent than has been historically estimated. Cardiac amyloidosis can be hereditary or occur as a consequence of the ageing process but, regardless of type, patients experience a heavy symptomatic burden. This article provides an overview of its pathophysiology, signs and symptoms and how any nurse can look for the main red flags in clinical practice. Early referral for specialist care can have a significant impact on disease progression and patient quality of life.

Protective effects of astaxanthin on particulate matter 2.5‑induced senescence in HaCaT keratinocytes via maintenance of redox homeostasis.

Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) imposes a heavy burden on the skin and respiratory system of human beings, causing side effects such as aging, inflammation and cancer. Astaxanthin (ATX) is a well-known antioxidant widely used for its anti-inflammatory and anti-aging properties. However, few studies have investigated the protective effects of ATX against PM2.5-induced senescence in HaCaT cells. In the present study, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes were measured after treatment with PM2.5. The results revealed that PM2.5 generated excessive ROS and reduced the translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), subsequently reducing the expression of antioxidant enzymes. However, pretreatment with ATX reversed the ROS levels as well as the expression of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, ATX protected cells from PM2.5-induced DNA damage and rescued PM2.5-induced cell cycle arrest. The levels of senescence-associated phenotype markers, such as interleukin-1β, matrix metalloproteinases, and β-galactosidase, were increased by exposure to PM2.5, however these effects were reversed by ATX. After interfering with NRF2 mRNA expression and exposing cells to PM2.5, the levels of ROS and β-galactosidase were higher compared with siControl RNA cells exposed to PM2.5. However, ATX inhibited ROS and β-galactosidase levels in both the siControl RNA and the siNRF2 RNA groups. Thus, ATX protects HaCaT keratinocytes from PM2.5-induced senescence by partially inhibiting excessive ROS generation via the NRF2 signaling pathway.

Apoptosis-induced treatment for ovarian cancer from self-assembled nanocomposites of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and porous organic cages

HypothesisOvarian cancer is one of the most common tumors in gynecology and imposes a heavy burden on patients and their families. Fe3O4 nanoparticles are one of the few nanomaterials approved by the FDA for clinical use, which has been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor. ExperimentsThe aqueous colloids made from hydrophobic building blocks were fabricated through an oil-in-water emulsion confined assembly strategy. In vitro, the proliferation, migration, invasion of SKOV3 cell after the treatment of iron oxide based assemblies were detected using Test-EdU assay and wound-healing assay. The ovarian cancer of the Nude Mice model was used to investigate the anti-cancer effect of Fe3O4 assemblies and Fe3O4-CC3 co-assemblies in vivo. FindingsThe applied nanocomposites inhibited ovarian cancer cells by CytC/caspase-3 pathway. The results in vivo revealed that treatment of nanocomposites significantly restrained the growth of subcutaneous transplantation tumor in Ovarian Cancer of the Nude Mice model. Our study demonstrated that colloidal nanocomposites assembled from Fe3O4 nanoparticles and porous organic cages inhibits cancer progression and induces apoptosis via caspase pathway. The effect of Fe3O4-CC3 co-assemblies is more profound due to their better contact with the biological matter.

Baby Vaccination Web Application

The Baby Vaccination System project aims to develop a comprehensive platform for managing child vaccination schedules efficiently. It incorporates frontend and backend development to provide users with tools for vaccine registration, tracking, and locating nearby vaccine centres. By targeting efficient management of vaccination schedules, the system contributes to public health initiatives and ensures timely immunisation for children. The objectives of the study include assessing the effectiveness of the system, evaluating user satisfaction, and determining the impact on vaccination completion rates. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data analysis with qualitative feedback collection. Participants include parents or guardians of children eligible for vaccination, healthcare providers, and system administrators. Data collection methods include system usage metrics, surveys, and interviews. Ethical considerations include obtaining informed consent, ensuring participant confidentiality, and adhering to relevant ethical guidelines. The study findings will provide insights into the usability and effectiveness of the Baby Vaccination System in improving vaccination management.In today’s life style due to the heavy burden and pressure of work it is difficult to remember vaccine period on new born baby as well as small once. Keywords: Blockchain Vaccination System, Healthcare, Immunization, Public Health, Technology Integration

A data augmentation approach that ensures the reliability of foregrounds in medical image segmentation

Medical image segmentation is an important task in medical imaging and diagnosis. Data augmentation can substantially improve the accuracy of medical image segmentation when the dataset has a small amount of medical images. However, the data augmentation methods for medical image are usually based on big models that require extensive search space. Furthermore, excessively complex models often have a heavy burden for the general healthcare organization or researcher. To address this problem, we propose a method of data augmentation that is simple to implement even for the general researcher and simple to transplant across various models. Here we introduce our new methods called KeepMask and KeepMix, which can be simply ported to a variety of models and provide high performance. These methods allow data augmentation without any effect on the target organ or lesion and can also be adapted to multi-class segmentation. KeepMask and KeepMix can not only perturb the background of an existing medical image but also add target organs that are not present to it and generate new images based on the image. In this paper, we performed our methods on both binary class datasets and multi-class datasets and obtained better performance. We conducted numerous experiments showing the predicted segmentation images using our proposed methods obtained more accurate boundaries.

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON MALIGNANT TERTIAN MALARIA AMONG CHILDREN BELOW FIVE YEARS ATTENDING THE OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT LABORATORY AT JINJA REGIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL.

Background: World Health Organisation estimates that 229 million new cases of Malignant Tertian Malaria in 2019 in the world. 3.3 billion people in tropical regions and Uganda there is still a high mortality rate, especially in children below five years. Purpose of the study: The study was to determine the prevalence of Malignant Tertian Malaria among children below five years at Jinja Regional Referral Hospital. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used and data was obtained from 146 respondents using an interviewer-administered questionnaire diagnosed, described, analyzed, and presented information on tables and figures using Microsoft Excel. Results: The prevalence of MTM was 48.6% among children below five years. The most common socio-economic factor was household structure with a prevalence of 56.33% and 43.66% for respondents who were staying in completed houses and those whose houses were not in good condition respectively. The knowledge of caretakers about MTM was inadequate most caretakers knew about MTM with a prevalence of 63.38%. Conclusion: Although interventions for the management of MTM were in place, a prevalence of 48.6% was still high and demands for additional efforts from the health workers and the Ministry of Health to lower the heavy disease burden. Recommendation: The health workers should offer health education about MTM to the patients attending the hospital and emphasis on early diagnosis and treatment of MTM infections should be prioritized.

Association between Mir-17-92 gene promoter polymorphisms and depression in a Chinese population

BackgroundDepression is a common chronic debilitating disease with a heavy social burden. single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can affect the function of microRNAs (miRNAs), which is in turn associated with neurological diseases. However, the association between SNPs located in the promoter region of miR-17-92 and the risk of depression remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the association between rs982873, rs9588884 and rs1813389 polymorphisms in the promoter region of miR-17-92 and the incidence of depression in a Chinese population.Methodswe used GWAS (Genome-wide association study) and NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) to screen three SNPs in the miR-17-92 cluster binding sites. A case-control study (including 555 cases and 541 controls) was conducted to investigate the relationship between the SNPs and risk of depression in different regions of China. The gene sequencing ii was used to genotype the collected blood samples.Resultsthe following genotypes were significantly associated with a reduced risk of depression: rs982873 TC (TC vs. TT: OR = 0.72, 95% CI, 0.54–0.96, P = 0.024; TC/CC vs. TT: OR = 0.74, 95% Cl, 0.56–0.96, P = 0.025); CG genotype of rs9588884 (CG vs. CC: OR = 0.74, 95% CI, 0.55–0.98, P = 0.033; CG/GG vs. CC: OR = 0.75, 95% Cl, 0.57–0.98, P = 0.036); and AG genotype of rs1813389 (AG vs. AA: OR = 0.75, 95% CI, 0.57-1.00, P = 0.049; AG/GG vs. AA: OR = 0.76, 95% Cl, 0.59-1.00, P = 0.047). Stratified analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between the three SNPS and variables such as family history of suicidal tendency (P > 0.05).Conclusionsour findings suggest that rs982873, rs9588884, and rs1813389 polymorphisms may be associated with protective factors for depression.