Heat Shock Research Articles

Determining how different ventilation shutdown plus methods change the electroencephalography, blood chemistry, corticosterone, and heat shock protein 70 of laying hens

Determining how different ventilation shutdown plus methods change the electroencephalography, blood chemistry, corticosterone, and heat shock protein 70 of laying hens

USP8 and Hsp70 regulate endoreplication by synergistically promoting Fzr deubiquitination and stabilization.

Endoreplication is characterized by multiple rounds of DNA replication without cell division and determines the growth and final size of endoreplicating cells and tissues in eukaryotes. The cyclic ubiquitination and degradation of several cell cycle regulators are required for endoreplication progression. However, the deubiquitinase that deubiquitinates and stabilizes key factors to modulate endoreplication remains unknown. Here, we found in the endoreplicating Drosophila salivary gland and Bombyx silk gland that the depletion of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 8 (USP8) led to endoreplication arrest and a decrease in gland size. Mechanistically, we showed that USP8 interacted with the Fizzy-related (Fzr) protein, a conserved master regulator of endoreplication, thereby deubiquitinating and stabilizing Fzr to modulate endoreplication. Moreover, the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) mediated proper folding of Fzr and increased the interaction between Fzr and USP8, thereby promoting the deubiquitination and stabilization of Fzr. Together, our study demonstrates that USP8 and Hsp70 regulate endoreplication by synergistically maintaining Fzr stability though deubiquitination.

First Report of Botrytis cinerea Causing Gray Mold on Cardamine violifolia in China.

Cardamine violifolia, also known as Cardamine hupingshanensis, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Brassicaceae family with wide distribution in several provinces in China, including Hubei, Gansu, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunan, Guangxi, and Guangdong. As a newly discovered selenium (Se)-enriched plant, C. violifolia is rich in MeSeCys and SeCys, contributing to its potential antioxidant properties (Wei et al. 2022). Se is an essential trace element for humans as a vital component of at least 25 selenoproteins involved in various physiological processes, including immune function and maintenance of antioxidant defense to avoid tissue damage (Gao et al. 2011). In April 2024, we observed an outbreak of gray mold disease on C. violifolia plants in Enshi (30°19'20.15''N; 109°28'20.25''E), Hubei Province, China, with an infection rate of 75%. The disease manifested initially as small, water-soaked spots on the leaves, which progressed to grayish-brown lesions, often forming a V-shaped pattern. Accompanied by developing a gray fungal coating, this disease leads to leaf withering and loss, significantly impacting plant health. Diseased leaves were collected from a plantation in Enshi, Hubei province to identify the causal agent. Tissues at the junction between healthy and diseased areas were excised, disinfected with 75% ethanol for 30 seconds, followed by a 60-second immersion in a 0.1% mercuric chloride solution, and subsequently rinsed three times with sterile water for one minute each. Excess water was blotted away using sterilized filter paper before inoculating the samples onto the PDA medium and incubating them at 25°C. After three days, the edge hyphae of the growing fungal colonies were transferred to fresh PDA plates. This procedure was repeated every five days, transferring the mycelium from the growth edge to a fresh PDA medium until a pure strain was obtained. Three pathogenic bacteria strains were isolated by the tissue separation method, all displaying consistent morphological traits. One representative strain, designated CVES1-8, was chosen for further characterization. This strain was grown on a PDA solid medium at 28°C for six days. Initially, the mycelium was white and fluffy, gradually turning grayish-brown. Under microscopic examination, the mycelium was septate and branching irregularly. Conidiophores were observed at the apex, bearing clusters of conidia reminiscent of grapes. The conidia (n = 40) were colorless, monosporous, and ellipsoidal or oval, measuring 8-14 μm × 5-10 μm. For molecular identification, genomic DNA was extracted from CVES1-8. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification targeted the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), heat shock protein (HSP60), DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit (RPB2), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) genes using specific primers, the primers ITS1/4 (White et al. 1990), HSP60-F/HSP60-R, RPB2-F/RPB2-R, and G3PDH-F/G3PDH-R (Staats et al. 2005), respectively. BLAST search of the NCBI GenBank showed CVES1-8 (GenBank nos. PQ220130, PQ201101, PQ201100, and PQ201102 for ITS, G3PDH, HSP60, and RPB2, respectively) shared 99 to 100% identity with B. cinerea (OQ789962.1, ON009466.1, PP731566.1, and MH732872.1, respectively). Based on combined DNA sequence data of G3PDH, HSP60, and RPB2, phylogenetic analysis was constructed， and the result showed that the isolate CVES1-8 belongs to B. cinerea. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, strain CVES1-8 was identified as B. cinerea. To fulfill Koch's postulates, spore suspension (approximately 106 CFU/ml) of CVES1-8 was sprayed onto the leaves of four-week-old C. violifolia seedlings (n = 15) with sterile water as a negative control. After seven days of incubation under controlled conditions (28°C, 80% humidity), symptoms were observed that were previously described, while control plants were asymptomatic. The causal pathogen was then reisolated frm the lesions, and the reisolated pathogen showed the same colony and spore morphology as CVES1-8, confirming Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. cinerea causing gray mold on C. violifolia in China, providing essential insights for growers and agricultural technicians to diagnose and manage this disease.

Molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of a color polyphenism by genetic accommodation in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

How organisms evolve under extreme environmental changes is a critical question in the face of global climate change. Genetic accommodation is an evolutionary process by which natural selection acts on novel phenotypes generated through repeated encounters with extreme environments. In this study, polyphenic and monophenic strains of the black mutant tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, were evolved via genetic accommodation of heat stress-induced phenotypes, and the molecular differences between the two strains were explored. Transcriptomic analyses showed that epigenetic and hormonal differences underlie the differences between the two strains and their distinct responses to temperature. DNA methylation had diverged between the two strains potentially mediating genetic assimilation. Juvenile hormone (JH) signaling in the polyphenic strain was temperature sensitive, whereas in the monophenic strain, JH signaling remained low at all temperatures. Although 20-hydroxyecdysone titers were elevated under heat shock conditions in both strains, the strains did not differ in the titers. Tyrosine hydroxylase was also found to differ between the two strains at different temperatures, and its expression could be modulated by topical application of a JH analog. Finally, heat shock of unselected black mutants demonstrated that the expression of the JH-response gene, Krüppel-homolog 1 (Kr-h1), increased within the first 30 min of heat shock, suggesting that JH levels respond readily to thermal stress. Our study highlights the critical role that hormones and epigenetics play during genetic accommodation and potentially in the evolution of populations in the face of climate change.

Review: "Molecular mechanisms associated with embryotoxic effects of heavy metals in the Sea Urchin".

Review: "Molecular mechanisms associated with embryotoxic effects of heavy metals in the Sea Urchin".

Prediction of Pharmacokinetics of Valeric Acid: Alternative Tool to Minimize Animal Studies.

The use of computer-aided toxicity and Pharmacokinetic (PK) prediction studies are of significant interest to pharmaceutical industries as a complementary approach to traditional experimental methods in predicting potential drug candidates. In the present study, in-silico pharmacokinetic properties (ADME), drug-likeness, and toxicity profiles of valeric acid were examined using SwissADME and ADMETlab web tools. The drug-likeness prediction results revealed that valeric acid adheres to the Lipinski rule, Pfizer rule, and GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) rule. From a pharmacokinetic perspective, valeric acid is anticipated to have the best absorption profile including cell permeability and bioavailability. Plasma Protein Binding (PPB) and Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability may have a positive effect on Central Nervous System modulating (CNS). There is a minimal chance of it being a substrate for cytochrome P2D6 (CYP). Except for a "very slight risk" for eye corrosion and eye irritation, none of the well-known toxicities in valeric acid were anticipated, which was compatible with wet-lab data. The molecule possesses no environmental hazard as analyzed with common indicators such as bio-concentration factor and LC50 for fathead minnow and daphnia magna. The toxicity parameters identified valeric acid as nontoxic to androgen receptors, antioxidant response element, mitochondrial membrane receptor, heat shock element, and tumor suppressor protein (p53), except Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- gamma (PPAR-γ) was found to be medium toxicity. However, no toxicophores were found out of seven parameters. Overall, the ADMETLab evaluated that valeric acid has favorable pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness profiles, making it a promising drug candidate for new drug development.

Dynamic regulation of murine RNA Polymerase III transcription during heat shock stress.

Cells respond to many different types of stresses by overhauling gene expression patterns, both at the transcriptional and translational level. Under heat stress, global transcription and translation are inhibited, while the expression of chaperone proteins are preferentially favored. As the direct link between mRNA transcription and protein translation, tRNA expression is intricately regulated during the stress response. Despite extensive research into the heat shock response (HSR), the regulation of tRNA expression by RNA Polymerase III (Pol III) transcription has yet to be fully elucidated in mammalian cells. Here, we examine the regulation of Pol III transcription during different stages of heat shock stress in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We observe that Pol III transcription is downregulated after 30 minutes of heat shock, followed by an overall increase in transcription after 60 minutes of heat shock. This effect is more evident in tRNAs, though other Pol III gene targets are also similarly affected. Notably, we show that the downregulation at 30 minutes of heat shock is independent of HSF1, the master transcription factor of the HSR, but that the subsequent increase in expression at 60 minutes requires HSF1. Taken together, these results demonstrate an adaptive RNA Pol III response to heat stress, and an intricate relationship between the canonical HSR and tRNA expression.

Measuring Heat Stress Responses and Adaptability in Water Buffaloes in a Tropical Climate

Measuring Heat Stress Responses and Adaptability in Water Buffaloes in a Tropical Climate

Recent progress and structural insights of potential Hsp90 inhibitors as anticancer agents.

Hsp90, or heat shock protein 90, a well-preserved molecular chaperone that is essential for the coordination of numerous biological pathways and cellular processes. Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone, which promises a target for cancer treatment. Hsp90 inhibitors are a class of drugs that have been extensively studied in preclinical models and demonstrated promise in treating a variety of illnesses, particularly cancer. Hsp90 inhibitors, however, have been encountered a number of challenges during the clinical development process, such as low efficacy, toxicity, and drug resistance. This literature survey emphasizes the importance of HSP90 inhibitors incorporating diverse heterocyclic rings, such as pyrazole, indole, pyrimidine, triazole, and thioquinazoline, which have exhibited promising anticancer activity. This review covers several parameters, including kinetic investigation, binding interactions, IC50 value, structure-activity relationship, and molecular docking studies of the most potent compound. There are several heterocyclic small molecules under investigation in clinical studies, such as AUY922, SNX-5422, STA-9090, and others. This review also contained a patent of HSP90 inhibitors, which showed greater effectiveness. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to summarize all recent developments in the creation of anticancer medications that target HSP90 inhibitors in order to treat anticancer disease.

TransGeneSelector: using a transformer approach to mine key genes from small transcriptomic datasets in plant responses to various environments

Gene mining is crucial for understanding the regulatory mechanisms underlying complex biological processes, particularly in plants responding to environmental conditions. Traditional machine learning methods, while useful, often overlook important gene relationships due to their reliance on manual feature selection and limited ability to capture complex inter-gene regulatory dynamics. Deep learning approaches, while powerful, are often unsuitable for small sample sizes. This study introduces TransGeneSelector, the first deep learning framework specifically designed for mining key genes from small transcriptomic datasets. By integrating a Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with Gradient Penalty (WGAN-GP) for sample generation and a Transformer-based network for classification, TransGeneSelector efficiently addresses the challenges of small-sample transcriptomic data, capturing both global gene regulatory interactions and specific biological processes. Evaluated in Arabidopsis thaliana, the model achieved high classification accuracy in predicting seed germination and heat stress conditions, outperforming traditional methods like Random Forest and Support Vector Machines (SVM). Moreover, Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) analysis and gene regulatory network construction revealed that TransGeneSelector effectively identified genes that appear to have upstream regulatory functions based on our analyses, enriching them in multiple key pathways which are critical for seed germination and heat stress response. RT-qPCR validation further confirmed the model’s gene selection accuracy, demonstrating consistent expression patterns across varying germination conditions. The findings underscore the potential of TransGeneSelector as a robust tool for gene mining, offering deeper insights into gene regulation and organism adaptation under diverse environmental conditions. This work provides a framework that leverages deep learning for key gene identification in small transcriptomic datasets.

Gestational high-sucrose diet mediated vascular hyper-contractility in mesenteric arteries from offspring

Prenatal high sucrose diet (HS) generates profound effects on vascular diseases in offspring later in life. This study aimed to determine whether and how prenatal HS affect vasoreactivity in resistance arteries from adult offspring. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with normal drinking water or 20% high-sucrose solution during the whole gestational period. Mesenteric arteries (MAs) from adult offspring were obtained and tested for vascular functions with DMT. The whole-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of MAs was performed to reveal the different genes and possible pathway. Real-time PCR and western blot were performed to access mRNA and protein expression. The thicker smooth muscle layer and mitochondrial swelling were observed in MAs in HS offspring. Prenatal HS mediated higher vasoconstriction/vascular sensitivity induced by phenylephrine (PE) and 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). RNA-Seq analysis revealed that the genes crystallin alpha B (CYRAB) and heat shock protein family E member 1 (HSPE1) were upregulated, while the gene adenomatous polyposis coli downregulated 1 (APCDD1) was downregulated in HS group, confirmed at mRNA and protein expression levels. Wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/Ca2+ indicated by KEGG analysis was the essential pathway inducing vascular dysfunction in HS group. As a Wnt5a inhibitor, Box5 reduced MA tension induced by PE or 5-HT in HS group. Both protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor-GF109203X and Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor-2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) significantly decreased MA tone in HS group. Ca2+ levels in MAs were markedly higher in HS offspring than in control (CON), likely contributing to enhanced vascular reactivity. Vascular relaxation induced by acetylcholine (ACh) in HS was lower than that in CON. N(G)-Nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) increased PE-mediated vascular tension in CON group, while no effect in HS group, suggesting that endothelial nitric oxide (NO) system dysfunction in MAs exposed to prenatal HS. This study demonstrated that prenatal HS induced hyper-vasocontraction in MAs from adult offspring, which was associated with the enhanced Wnt5a-PKC/IP3R-Ca2+ pathway and decreased endothelial NO function.

Biofilm-Associated Amyloid Proteins Linked with the Progression of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Biofilm-associated amyloid proteins have emerged as significant contributors to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, representing a complex intersection of microorganisms and human health. The cross-beta sheet structure characteristic of amyloids produced by gut-colonizing bacteria remains intact, crucial for the resilience of biofilms. These amyloids exacerbate neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s by cross-seeding human amyloidogenic proteins like amyloid-beta and α-synuclein, accelerating their misfolding and aggregation. Despite molecular chaperones and heat shock proteins maintaining protein homeostasis, bacterial amyloids can overwhelm them, worsening neuronal damage. Genetic variations in chaperone genes further influence amyloidogenesis and neurodegeneration. Persistent bacterial infections and inflammation compromise the blood-brain barrier, allowing inflammatory molecules and amyloids to enter the brain, perpetuating the cycle of neurodegeneration. The gut-brain axis underscores the impact of dysbiosis and gut microbiota on brain function, potentially contributing to neurodegeneration. The enhancement of biofilm resilience and antibiotic resistance by functional amyloid fibrils complicates the treatment landscape. The interplay among chaperone systems, microbial amyloids, and neurodegenerative diseases underscores the urgent need for advanced treatment strategies targeting these pathways to attenuate disease progression. Understanding the processes that relate biofilm-associated amyloids to the onset of neurological disorders is critical for diagnosing and developing novel treatment strategies.

Effect of ecstasy on heat shock protein expression and apoptosis in rat kidney

ABSTRACT We investigated the effects of ecstasy on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and apoptosis in rat kidney. We used 20 adult male Wister rats divided into four groups of five: control, sham, Ecs 5 and Ecs 10; the latter two groups were administered by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 5 and 10 mg/kg ecstasy, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the kidneys were removed, fixed, and prepared for immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining to evaluate the expression of HSP70 and apoptosis, respectively. HSP70 expression and apoptosis cells were significantly increased in most parts of the kidneys, and kidney weight and volume were decreased in rats administrated 10 mg/kg ecstasy compared to the control group. Administration of 5 mg/kg ecstasy significantly increased HSP70 expression in the distal and collecting tubules and the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the proximal, distal convoluted tubules and renal corpuscles compared to the control group. We found that ecstasy increases HSP70 expression and apoptosis in renal tissue.

A Xanthine Derivative With Novel Heat Shock Protein 90-Alpha Inhibitory and Senolytic Properties.

The accumulation of senescent cells contributes to aging and related diseases; therefore, discovering safe senolytic agents-compounds that selectively eliminate senescent cells-is a critical priority. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors (HSP90i), traditionally investigated for cancer treatment, have shown potential as senolytic agents. However, inhibitors face formulation, toxicity, and cost challenges. To overcome these limitations, we employed a virtual screening approach combining structure-based prefiltering with a ligand-based pharmacophore model to identify novel, potentially safe HSP90 alpha isoform inhibitors exhibiting senolytic properties. This strategy identified 14 candidate molecules evaluated for senolytic activity in primary human fetal pulmonary fibroblasts. Four compounds exhibited significant HSP90i and senolytic activity, including two novel compounds, namely K4 and K5. The latter, 1-benzyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione, structurally related to the xanthinic family, emerged as a promising, well-tolerated senolytic agent. K5 demonstrated senolytic activity across various cellular senescence models, including human fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and breast cancer cells. It was also effective invivo, extending lifespan in Drosophila and reducing senescence markers in geriatric mice. Additionally, the xanthinic nature of K5 implicates a multimodal action, now including the inhibition of HSP90α, that might enhance its efficacy and selectivity towards senescent cells, Senolytic index SI > 1320 for IMR90 cells, and SI > 770 for WI38 cells, underscoring its therapeutic potential. These findings advance senolytic therapy research, opening new avenues for safer interventions to combat age-related inflammaging and diseases, including cancer, and possibly extend a healthy lifespan.

Supplementing Freezing Medium with Crocin Exerts a Protective Effect on Bovine Spermatozoa Through the Modulation of a Heat Shock-Mediated Apoptotic Pathway

The supplementation of freezing medium with crocin results in an amelioration of post-thawing sperm quality, as determined by motility and viability. This study aimed to examine the molecular mechanisms underlying the ameliorative effect of crocin. Bovine spermatozoa were cryopreserved in a freezing medium supplemented with 0, 0.5, or 1 mM of crocin. Sperm lysates were evaluated for their redox status and the expression of proteins implicated in the heat stress response (HSR) and apoptosis. Crocin protected spermatozoa from the accumulation of superoxide anion and ameliorated their post-thawing antioxidant capacity in terms of ROS scavenging activity and glutathione content. Moreover, crocin decreased the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), while it increased superoxide dimsutase-1 (SOD-1) levels. These effects were associated with an inhibition of apoptosis, as evidenced by a decreased Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio and decreased levels of caspase-cleaved substrates. Finally, crocin affected the heat shock response of spermatozoa, since it upregulated the levels of heat shock proteins (Hsp) 60, 70, and 90. In conclusion, the addition of crocin to the freezing medium ensured controlled amounts of ROS, enhanced the antioxidant capacity of spermatozoa, and upregulated the anti-apoptotic proteins and Hsps, thus contributing to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis.

Enhancing Yeast Transformation: Achieving up to a Tenfold Increase Through a Single Adjustment in the Lithium Acetate-Polyethylene Glycol Method.

The Lithium-PEG method for transforming yeast cells is a standard procedure used in most yeast laboratories. After several optimizations, this method can yield up to 106 transformants per µg of plasmid. Some applications, such as library screening or complex transformations, necessitate maximizing transformation yield. Here, we demonstrate that the addition of a sorbitol solution serves as an osmo-protectant during and after heat shock, resulting in up to a tenfold increase in transformation efficiency. This optimization requires only one additional pipetting step compared to the original protocol, making it practical for routine use.

Unraveling lipopolysaccharide-induced behavioral and molecular effects in Lymnaea stagnalis, an emerging model organism for translational neuroscience.

In this study, we employed a reductionist (yet not simplistic) approach utilizing the established invertebrate model system of the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, to investigate the behavioral and molecular effects of systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-a bacterial endotoxin-on the snails' central ring ganglia. Snails received injections of either a low dose (2.5μg) or a high dose (25μg) of LPS, and their behavioral and molecular responses were assessed at 2, 6, and 24h post-injection. With the high dose, snails exhibited a significant increase in homeostatic aerial respiration lasting for at least 24h, consistent with a sickness-like state induced by the immune challenge. Additionally, we found that when administered 2, 6, or 24h before operant conditioning training, the high dose of LPS, impaired memory formation. To further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, we examined the transcriptional effects of the two doses of LPS in the snails' central ring ganglia. Our analysis showed a dose- and time-dependent upregulation of immune and stress-related genes, including key enzymes involved in the kynurenine pathway (KP), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Metabolomic analysis suggested that the high LPS dose shifted KP metabolism toward the production of neurotoxic metabolites within the ganglia, indicating a LPS-induced neuroinflammatory state. Together, our findings provide valuable insight into the conserved mechanisms of neuroinflammation in this invertebrate model, offering a simplified yet effective tool to further explore the molecular interactions between the immune and central nervous systems.

Physio-metabolic response, immune function, epigenetic markers, and reproductive performance of rabbits under environmental stress: the mitigating role of boswellia essential oil nanoemulsion

Global warming poses a significant threat to reproductive health of rabbits. Sustainable nutritional strategies are crucial for ensuring rabbit production and maintaining food security under these challenging conditions. This study sought to assess the protective benefits of dietary boswellia essential oil nano-emulsion (BEON) against oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, ferroptosis, and organ damage in female rabbits exposed to severe thermal stress. A total of 120 female rabbits were divided into four groups of 30 rabbits each. The rabbits were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (BEON0), 0.25 (BEON0.25), 0.5 (BEON0.5), and 1.0 (BEON1.0) mL of BEON per kilogram of diet. Results demonstrated that the BEON1.0 group exhibited significantly higher levels of IgG, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), while the BEON0.25 group showed elevated levels of IgM, catalase, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (P < 0.05). All BEON treatments significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (P < 0.01). Serum levels of progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were significantly elevated in the BEON0.5 and BEON1.0 groups compared to the control group (P < 0.01). A significant decrease in adipokine levels was observed in all BEON-supplemented groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). All BEON groups demonstrated a modulation of ferroptosis pathways, characterized by decreased heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression and upregulated expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and cystine transporter solute carrier 7A11 (SLC7A11) in ovarian tissues (P < 0.01). Furthermore, DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) expression increased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing BEON supplementation. Histological analysis revealed an improvement in the architecture of the liver, uterine horns, and ovarian tissues in rabbits fed BEON. Integrating BEON at doses of 0.5–1.0 mL/kg diet significantly improved reproductive performance in stressed female rabbits. PCA and correlation analyses demonstrated a positive correlation between BEON supplementation and immune function, reproductive hormone levels, and antioxidant status, while a negative correlation was observed with MDA and adipokine concentrations in rabbit serum. In conclusion, BEON supplementation demonstrates promise as a sustainable nutritional strategy for the rabbit industry, particularly in mitigating the challenges posed by global warming.

Subacute Exposure of Male Adolescent Rats to 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl-4-ol via a Polymeric Implant Causes Gene Expression Changes in the Brain and Metabolomic Disruption in Serum.

Subacute Exposure of Male Adolescent Rats to 2,2',5,5'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl-4-ol via a Polymeric Implant Causes Gene Expression Changes in the Brain and Metabolomic Disruption in Serum.

Exploring the Effectiveness and Potential Pharmacological Mechanism of Minocycline for Spinal Cord Injury through Meta-Analysis and Network Pharmacology.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a catastrophic impact and lifelong functional incapacity on patients. Recent research has demonstrated the anti-inflammation and neuroprotection of minocycline, which were advantageous for treating disorders having an inflammatory foundation, including SCI. This study summarized the antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and neuro-restoration of minocycline. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Chinese database were explored from their origin date to July 2022. Data extraction, methodological quality assessment, and study selection were conducted by 2 reviewers. Twenty-four studies were ultimately included. Overall, minocycline improved motor recovery after SCI, with Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) scores in the treated group from the first week (15 studies, n = 378; MD = 2.34; 95% Confidence interval (CI), 1.31-3.36; p < 0.00001) to the fourth week (14 studies, n = 346; MD = 3.15; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 2.07-4.23; p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis showed function recovery was related to the mode of drug dose, animal race, and article quality. Network pharmacology identified 100 minocycline-related targets and 6720 SCI-related targets. Heat Shock Protein 90 Alpha Family Class A Member 1(HSP90AA1), Serine/Threonine kinase 1(Akt1), Steroid Receptor Coactivator (SRC), Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Catenin (Cadherin-Associated Protein)-Beta 1 (CTNNB1) were key targets. 20 pathways were identified, including PI3K/Akt, MAPK and chemokine signaling pathway. Finally, molecular docking results showed B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL2-6), CTNNB1, HSP90AA1, plasminogen activator urokinase (PLAU), and α protein kinase C alpha (PRCAKA) bound to minocycline better. This article concluded that minocycline was effective in treating SCI by improving neurological recovery and inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.