Heat-cured Acrylic Resin Research Articles

Evaluation of the Peel Bond Strength of a Room Temperature Vulcanizing Maxillofacial Silicone When Bonded to Three Different High-impact Heat-cured Acrylic Resins: An In Vitro Comparative Study

Evaluation of the Peel Bond Strength of a Room Temperature Vulcanizing Maxillofacial Silicone When Bonded to Three Different High-impact Heat-cured Acrylic Resins: An In Vitro Comparative Study

Evaluation of Flexure Strength of Heat Cure Acrylic Resin Reinforcement with Nano Al2O3 After Polishing with Different Abrasive Materials

Evaluation of Flexure Strength of Heat Cure Acrylic Resin Reinforcement with Nano Al2O3 After Polishing with Different Abrasive Materials

Effect of Chlorhexidine and Castor Oil on Surface Roughness of Heat-Cured Acrylic Resin Denture Base

Background: Heat-cured acrylic resin is the acrylic resin most often used to make denture bases. In its use as a denture base, heat-cured acrylic resin requires a disinfectant to clean it from contamination by microorganisms. Still, it does not affect other properties of the heat-cured acrylic resin. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of heat-cured acrylic resin denture base disinfection with chlorhexidine and castor oil on surface roughness. Materials and Methods: This research is laboratory experimental with 30 bar-shaped (50x20x3mm) heat-cured acrylic resin-denture base specimens samples were divided into two groups, with chlorhexidine 0.2% simulated 3, 4, and 5 years and with castor oil 10% affected 3, 4, and 5 years. The surface roughness was tested using the Roughness tester TR200. Data were analyzed using univariate statistics and an independent t-test (α = 0.05). Results: The research showed no significant effect in the disinfection of heat-cured acrylic resin denture base with 0.2% chlorhexidine and 10% castor oil on surface roughness of 3, 4, and 5 years (p 0.05). Castor oil of 10% can be used as a disinfectant for the heat-cured acrylic resin denture base because it does not affect the surface roughness. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine 0.2% and castor oil 10% had the same effect on changes in surface roughness on heat polymerized acrylic resin denture base.

Tribological, microhardness and color stability properties of a heat-cured acrylic resin denture base after reinforcement with different types of nanofiller particles.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is not an ideal material in all aspects, as it has poor mechanical and antimicrobial properties. The enhancement of the mechanical and physical features of PMMA-based material is highly required. The present study aimed to estimate the effect of adding different types of nanoparticle (NP) materials on the mechanical and physical features of heat-cured acrylic resin denture base material. A total of 120 samples were divided into 4 groups: the control group; the 5 wt% ZrO2 NPs group; the 5 wt% TiO2 NPs group; and the 5 wt% Ag NPs group. Each one was subdivided into 3 groups according to the test performed: the microhardness test; the abrasive wear test; and the color stability test. Then, the results of these tests were evaluated. The maximum mean value for the microhardness test was observed in the group treated with the addition of 5 wt% Ag NPs, followed by the 5 wt% ZrO2 NPs group, and finally the 5 wt% TiO2 NPs group. The lowest mean microhardness value was recorded for the control group. The maximum mean value for the abrasive wear test was attributed to the control group and the lowest mean value was related to the 5 wt% Ag NPs group. The maximum color change was noted in the 5 wt% Ag NPs group, followed by the 5 wt% ZrO2 NPs and 5 wt% TiO2 NPs groups. The lowest mean value for the color change was found in the control group. There was an increase in hardness and wear resistance in the group treated by adding 5 wt% Ag NPs, and the control group had the best color stability, followed by the 5 wt% TiO2 NPs group. However, a detrimental effect on color stability was observed when 5 wt% Ag NPs was added.

Evaluation and Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin After Reinforcement of Different Fibers in Different Patterns: An In Vitro Study.

Most denture fractures occur within the mouth due to resin flexural fatigue. For example, the deep labial notch at the high labial frenum causes denture breakage, as can deep scratches and generated processing stresses. The rising cost of annual prosthetic repairs is evidence that the problem of total denture fracture has not been solved. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relative improvement in flexural strength between heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin reinforced with glass fibers (GF) and basalt fibers (BF) of varied orientations. A total of 150 heat-cured acrylic resin specimens of 65x10x3 mm dimension were prepared, 30 of which were left unreinforced (Group A), 30 of which were reinforced with GF in transverse pattern (Group B), 30 of which were reinforced with GF in meshwork pattern (Group C), 30 of which were reinforced with BF in transverse pattern (Group D), and 30 of which were reinforced with BF in meshwork pattern (Group E).All of the samples were put through flexural strength testing on the universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer various correlation test (= 0.05) were used in SPSS for Windows to look at the facts. The mean flexural strength for Group A was 46.26±2.26 MPa, 64.98±1.53 MPa for Group B, 76.45±2.67 MPa for Group C, 54.22±2.24 MPa for Group D, and 59.02±2.38 MPa for Group E. Flexural strength was impacted by both the kind of BF and GF reinforcement (F = 768.316, P = 0.001). Within the limitation of the current research, BF reinforcement outperforms GF reinforcement and unreinforced heat-cured acrylic resin in terms of flexural strength.

Comparison of the Chairside Time and Fitness of Michigan Splints Fabricated With Conventional Method and Digital Method: A Self-Controlled Study

Purpose: To evaluate the chairside time and fitness of Michigan splints fabricated with conventional method and digital method. Material and Methods: Two Michigan splints were fabricated with conventional method and digital method respectively for 16 participants. In digital workflow, the data of dentitions were obtained by model scanning. Michigan splints were then designed, occlusal surface modified with the aid of fully adjustable virtual articulator, and fabricated by 3D printing technology with light-cured acrylic resin. In conventional workflow, splints were fabricated using waxed up method and fabricated with heat-cured acrylic resin. The chairside time of insertion and occlusal adjustment were recorded. The retention and comfort were evaluated by participants using 10cm Visual Analog Scales (VAS). Highly flowable Polyvinyl Siloxane (PVS) filled the space between tissue side of splints and occlusal surface of the natural dentitions. The fitness of the splints was calculated by scanning the tissue sides of splints with and without PVS replicas respectively. All data were divided into conventional group (control group) and digital group (test group), and self-controlled method was adopted. Differences between two groups were analyzed by paired t-test. Results: There was no statistical difference in insertion time between two groups (P=0.263). Test group took less chairside time for centric (605±436s vs. 945±427 s, P=0.007), protrusive (97.0±144s vs. 246±211s, P=0.036), and excursive (25.0±101s vs. 114±465s, P=0.026) occlusal adjustment than control group. The space of test group was significantly smaller than control group (350±120μm vs. 470±90.0μm, P<0.001). No statistical difference was detected in the scores of retention, comfort at postural position and comfort at centric occlusion between two groups (P≥0.113). Conclusion: Michigan splints fabricated with digital method need less chairside time and showed better fitness than conventional method.

Evaluation of polyamide (NYLON) versus polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base materials regarding water solubility: in vitro research

BackgroundSeveral denture base materials have evolved over the years. Beginning with metal and ending up with various types of acrylic materials in order to have a biocompatible, antimicrobial denture base. A flexible acrylic resin, such as Polyamides, has been introduced to address the drawbacks of heat-cured PMMA resin. This study was conducted to examine the water solubility and water sorption of flexible thermoplastic polyamides (Valplast) and two types of conventional heat-cured acrylic resin (PMMA) (Acrostone, Vertex).MethodsSpecimens of thermoplastic polyamides and two types of conventional PMMA (Acrostone, Vertex) resin were manufactured and used in the current investigation in accordance with manufacturer instructions. A total of 45 specimens were milled into discs with a diameter of 50.0 mm diameter, 5.0 mm thick. To ascertain conformity with ADA Standard No. 12, water solubility and water sorption were measured.ResultsAll items complied with ADA regulations for water solubility and sorption. Flexible thermoplastic polyamide displayed less water solubility, and water sorption than heat-cured PMMA. Acrostone showed the higher water solubility, sorption followed by Vertex heat cure acrylic resin both heat cured showed significant higher water solubility than polyamides Valplast).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this in vitro experiment, heat cure PMMA resin demonstrated significantly greater water solubility and water sorption when compared to thermoplastic polyamides.

Tensile Bond Strength of Hypoallergenic Acetal Resin and Heat-cured Acrylic Resin to Soft Denture Liners

Tensile Bond Strength of Hypoallergenic Acetal Resin and Heat-cured Acrylic Resin to Soft Denture Liners

The Effect of Disinfection Methods on C. Albicans in Three Types of Denture Base Materials

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of disinfectant solutions on Candida albicans (C. albicans) for different types of denture materials. A total of 144 specimens (10x10x2 mm) were obtained from three different materials: autopolymerized acrylic resin, heat-cured acrylic resin, and hard relining material (n = 6). Three disinfectant solutions were used: 100% white vinegar, 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (Saver) and denture cleaning tablets (Corega). The specimens were placed on Eliza plates and 1.5 mL of Yeast Extract Peptone (YPD) was added to each well. Then, 30�L of candida culture was added to the wells. Next, the specimens were incubated at 37�C at 80 rpm for 48 h. Disinfectants were added to the Eliza plates. For all specimens, the disinfectants were replaced with 2 mL of sterile water and kept at 100 rpm for 30 min. Then, 0.1 mL of the liquid was taken and inoculated into the pads containing YPD medium. After incubation, the candida colony growth on the pads was measured. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken from randomly selected specimens from each group. Statistically significant differences (𝑃 [ 0.05) were found between the disinfectant method groups and the control group for the three types of denture materials. The 2% chlorhexidine gluconate (Saver) disinfectant was the most effective for C. Albicans ATCC 60193 and oral isolate of C. Albicans for all three of the tested denture materials. The effect of cleaning of tabs (Corega) and white vinegar was found to be similar.

Radish Oil Addition effect on some properties Of Heat Cure Acrylic resin

Background: Heat-cured acrylic resins are used most often for denture bases because they are the best in terms of their physical and chemical properties, are easy to handle, and are affordable. But the surface is not hard enough, and oral bacteria such as Candida albicans stick to the resin. Objective: To assess how Radish oil affected heat-cured acrylic's impact strength and hardness. Patients and Methods: The intention was to create a total of (60) specimens. Twenty samples were made without additives (Control), and 40 had made with radish oil added at two different amounts (2.5 per cent, 5 per cent). Results: There was a Non-significant difference between the control and experimental groups in the impact strength test. In contrast, the hardness test showed a highly significant difference between the control and experimental groups. When radish oil had added, the impact strength and hardness had reduced in all concentrations. Conclusion: Adding radish oil decreased the hardness and impact strength of the two experimental groups.

Radish Oil Addition effect on some properties Of Heat Cure Acrylic resin

Background: Heat-cured acrylic resins are used most often for denture bases because they are the best in terms of their physical and chemical properties, are easy to handle, and are affordable. But the surface is not hard enough, and oral bacteria such as Candida albicans stick to the resin.
 Objective: To assess how Radish oil affected heat-cured acrylic's impact strength and hardness.
 Patients and Methods: The intention was to create a total of (60) specimens. Twenty samples were made without additives (Control), and 40 had made with radish oil added at two different amounts (2.5 per cent, 5 per cent).
 Results: There was a Non-significant difference between the control and experimental groups in the impact strength test. In contrast, the hardness test showed a highly significant difference between the control and experimental groups. When radish oil had added, the impact strength and hardness had reduced in all concentrations.
 Conclusion: Adding radish oil decreased the hardness and impact strength of the two experimental groups.

The effects of different surface treatments applied to milled PMMA denture base material on repair bond strength.

The high cost of CAD/CAM systems and materials is a severe economic burden. Therefore, repair of CAD/CAM PMMA, selecting appropriate repair materials, and surface modifications are clinically important. This study aims to evaluate the shear bond strength of PMMA repair materials after various surface treatments on CAD/CAM PMMA denture base material. For this purpose, a total of 480 CAD/CAM PMMA denture base test specimens were manufactured. Then all test specimens were divided into 6 groups, and different surface treatments were applied. Group A: sandblasting, Group B: 4% hydro fluoric acid, Group C: tungsten carbide bur, Group D: dichloromethane + methyl methacrylate mixture, Group E: dichloromethane and methyl methacrylate, Group F: no surface treatment. Each group is then divided into 4 different subcategories; repair processes were performed using; heat-cured acrylic resin (n:20), auto-polymerized acrylic resin (n:20), gingiva composite (n:20), and CAD/CAM PMMA tooth material (n:20). After repairs, thermal aging was applied to half of the test specimens in each subcategory. The shear bond strength value was measured with a universal test device. Sandblasting group showed the highest surface roughness value in all test specimens (p < 0.001). Heat-cured acrylic resin with sandblasting exhibited the highest bond strength, while the untreated gingiva composite resin exhibited the lowest value. Thermal aging decreased bond strength in all repair materials (p < 0.001). Among the surface treatment groups, sandblasting with Al2O3 particles exhibited the highest surface roughness value and repair bond strength. The application of organic solvents to the surface increased the surface roughness and repair bond strength. Applying dichloromethane and methyl methacrylate monomer separately is more effective than applying it as a mixture. The ideal bonding among repair materials was obtained with heat-cured acrylic resin.

The effect of immersing the heat-cured acrylic resin plates into kitchen vinegar and star fruit (averrhoa bilimbi linn) solution to surface roughness base

Objective: To discover the effect of kitchen vinegar and star fruit to surface roughness base.&#x0D; Material and Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. This study used 18 samples of heat-cured acrylic resin plates with size (30mm x 10mm x 2mm). They were divided into three groups; 1 control group (Group A) and 2 treatment group (Group B and C). Each group consists of 6 samples. Control group A soaked into aquades solution while treatment group B soaked into kitchen vinegar, and treatment Group C soaked into Star fruit. Each sample soaked for 24 hours. This study used Surface roughness Tester (SRT). Data analysis was done with one-way ANOVA and post hoc test analysis with 0,05 significant.&#x0D; Results: On one-way Anova showed p=0,676 (p&gt;0,05), which means kitchen vinegar and star fruit has no significant effect on the surface roughness base of heat-cured acrylic resin. &#x0D; Conclusion: Based on SPSS ANOVA data, kitchen vinegar, and star fruit solution have no significant effect on surface roughness (Ra), but if seen descriptively, the longer the heat-cured acrylic resin plates immersed in acidic solution, the higher the roughness of the denture surface (Ra).

Micro-Hardness and Fracture Toughness of Thermosens Thermoplastic Material Versus the Conventional Heat-Cured Acrylic Resin After One Year of Water Storage

Micro-Hardness and Fracture Toughness of Thermosens Thermoplastic Material Versus the Conventional Heat-Cured Acrylic Resin After One Year of Water Storage

Flexural strength acrylic resin heat cured for denture base in soaking mouthwash containing siwak

Background: Teeth have an important role in a person, the most common cause of tooth loss is caries and periodontal disease. Tooth loss can be overcome by making dentures, removable denture components consist of dental elements, clasps, and bases. The denture base is part of denture that rests on soft tissues of oral cavity and is where denture elements are attached. One of the important mechanical properties for denture bases is flexural strength. Acrylic resin denture base material has disadvantage that it absorbs liquid and is porous so that food debris can settle and become a place for microorganisms to grow and multiply. This study aims to determine flexural strength of heat cured acrylic resin for denture base in immersing mouthwash containing siwak Method: this laboratory experiment used 12 linear specimens with a size (64 x 10 x 3.3 mm) ± 0.2 mm in accordance with ISO 20795-1:2013 which were divided into 2 groups, the first group was immersed in aquabidest (control), the second group was immersed in mouthwash containing siwak for 7 days. The data obtained were then tested using the Independent T-test Result: There was no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) in the flexural strength of heat cured acrylic resin Conclusion: From the research, there is no effect flexural strength of heat cured acrylic resin in soaking mouthwash containing siwak. The effect of mouthwash containing siwak on the flexural strength of heat-cured acrylic resin was not significant.

Effect of Gaseous Ozone on Transverse and Impact Strengths of Heat Cure Acrylic Resin

Introduction: This study aimed to find out how exposure to gaseous ozone affected heat-cured acrylic resin’s transverse and impact strengths. Methods: Sixty samples of heat-cured acrylic resin were prepared and divided into three subgroups, control, microwave radiation (positive control), and gaseous ozone. Transverse strength and impact strength were evaluated using testing machines. At a level of significance of 5%, data were assessed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: Transverse strength analysis showed a significant difference among groups (P &lt; 0.001). Post hoc test revealed significant differences between all multiple groups (P &lt; 0.001). Impact strength analysis results showed a non-significant difference among groups (P = 0.13). Conclusion: Within the limits of this research, it is possible to conclude that gaseous ozone exposure improves the transverse strength of heat-cure acrylic resin.

Effect of Chitosan on the Mechanical Properties and Color Stability of Two Commercially Available Heat Cure Denture Base Resins: An In vitro Study

ABSTRACT Background: Chitosan is one of the new and promising biomaterials being used in dentistry. However, there are fewer studies available in the literature to estimate the mechanical properties of chitosan with heat polymerized denture base resin (DBR). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporation of chitosan nanoparticles on flexural strength, fracture toughness, and color stability of two different types of heat cure DBR. Aim: The aim of the study is to evaluate the mechanical properties and color stability of two DBRs reinforced with different concentrations of chitosan. Materials and Methods: A total of 240 samples were made of DPI (n = 120) and Trevalon (n = 120) DBR. The samples of each type were divided into four groups depending on the concentration of chitosan-C 0, C 5, C 12.5, and C 20. Flexural strength and fracture toughness were estimated with a universal testing machine. Spectrophotometer was used to evaluate the color stability. Statistical Analysis: Results were compared with one-way analysis of variance, post hoc Tukey honest significant difference test, and Student’s t-test. Results: The results of the study showed that chitosan-reinforced DBR displayed enhanced mechanical properties. The test group with 5% chitosan nanoparticles had optimum mechanical properties among different test groups for both the DBR. The values for flexural strength and fracture toughness decreased with an increase in the percentage of chitosan. The addition of chitosan to DPI and Trevalon DBRs showed visible color change. Conclusion: The study concluded the Trevalon DBR with 5% chitosan showed the highest flexural strength and fracture toughness values. The addition of chitosan nanoparticles had no significant negative effects on heat-cure acrylic resin’s color change property. CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY DENTISTRY Gives knowledge about the mechanical properties as well as the physical properties of denture base resin which is beneficial for the dentists.

Effect of Incorporation of Boron Nitride Nanoparticles on Impact Strength and Surface Roughness of Heat Cure Poly Methyl Methacrylate Resin: An In Vitro Study

Background: The objective of this research was to explore how the addition of boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles in the concentrations of 1% and 1.5% w/w affect the impact strength and surface roughness of heat-cured poly methyl methacrylate resin (PMMA). Methods: Sixty specimens were made from heat-cured acrylic resin and then divided into control, 1%, and 1.5% w/w BN groups. The impact strength and surface roughness were investigated. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: Statistically significant difference is found among the three study groups regarding impact strength (P = 0.011) and surface roughness test (P < 0.001). The post hoc test showed significant differences for all multiple comparisons for the surface roughness test (P < 0.001). Yet, multiple comparisons for the impact strength test revealed only a significant difference between the 1.5% BN and control groups (P = 0.005). Conclusion: The addition of boron BN into PMMA improves impact strength with 1.5% concentration; while adversely increase the surface roughness.

Evaluation of the mechanical properties of different materials for manufacturing occlusal splints.

This study aimed to compare the mechanical properties of various occlusal plate materials by analyzing surface roughness, Knoop microhardness, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity. Fifty samples were prepared and classified as SC (self-curing acrylic resin), WB (heat-cured acrylic resin), ME (acrylic resin polymerized by microwave energy), P (resin print), and M (polymethylmethacrylate polymer block for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing). The data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference test. Surface roughness was the same in all groups. The surface hardness of group M was statistically superior. The samples from groups P and M had higher flexural strength than other samples. The modulus of elasticity of group SC was statistically lower than that of other groups. The mechanical properties of the materials used to make the occlusal plates differed, and group M achieved the best results in all analyses. Therefore, clinicians must consider the material used to manufacture long-lasting and efficient occlusal splints.

Comparison of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles for flexural strength once incorporated in heat-cure acrylic denture base resin: An in vitro Study.

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resin is the most by and large used denture base material. Denture fractures are sequential to the flexure or impacting forces. Different nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide and silver nanoparticles have been used to improve its antimicrobial properties. There are limited data on their effect on flexural strength. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of silver nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanoparticles addition on flexural strength of PMMA resins. One hundred and thirty specimens divided into four groups: Control Group A, TiO2-reinforced Group B, silver nanoparticles reinforced Group C, and mixture of TiO2 and silver nanoparticle reinforced Group D. Each reinforced group further divided based on concentrations -0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. Rectangular metal models of the American Dental Association (ADA)- specified dimensions: 65 mm × 10 mm × 3 mm were used to form a mold space for the fabrication of specimens. Three-point bend test was used to determine the flexural strength of the samples after immersion in distilled water for 2 weeks. The data collected were subjected to analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey's test. The comparison of the mean flexural strengths showed a statistically significant gradual decrease on increasing the concentrations of nanoparticles. Maximal flexural strength was seen in the control group and least with 3% Ag + TiO2 Nps. The modified specimen also showed color changes. In an in vitro environment, addition of TiO2 and silver decreases the flexural strength of the PMMA. It also causes visible color changes.