Healthy Skin Research Articles

Drug development in dermatology: challenges in treating young patients.

Drug development for skin disorders is influenced by the concept of children as 'therapeutic orphans' and is subject to pediatric requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). The EMA requires a 'pediatric investigation plan' (PIP) early in development. Healthy newborns' skin is as thick as that of adults. For crisaborole for atopic dermatitis, the FDA accepted pivotal trials involving patients 2-79 years; the EMA accepted this as part of its PIP. In contrast, for psoriasis, PIPs require separate evidence of efficacy and safety in children aged 6-17 years. Adolescents' skin does not change overnight on their 18th birthday, only the legal status. Most FDA pediatric requirements are grounded in commonsense and reflect current scientific understanding. The EMA, however, continues to take rigid stance in its pediatric demands. PIP negotiations are often lengthy, complex, and frustrating. Companies must possess a deep understanding of the clinical landscape, considerable patience, and sometimes seek external experts' support. A gap has become wider between US and EU, with the EU increasingly falling behind in drug development.

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of an Innovative Peeling System with Azelaic and Tranexamic Acids for Targeted Hyperpigmentation Reduction.

Melanin, derived from tyrosine, plays a pivotal role in skin pigmentation through melanogenesis. Disruptions in this process lead to hyperpigmentation, a condition affecting skin tone and quality of life. Current treatments, including chemical peels, have limitations, highlighting the need for novel solutions. Here, we present an innovative peeling system, comprising a masque and moisturizer, formulated with a novel blend of acids, including azelaic acid (AZA) and tranexamic acid (TXA), alongside known brightening and penetration-enhancing agents for a comprehensive solution to target hyperpigmentation. In vitro studies assessed the ability of the novel moisturizer to inhibit ultraviolet-A (UVA)-induced melanin accumulation in human melanocytes. In a single-center, controlled study, we assessed the efficacy of the peeling system in 33 healthy female participants aged 30-55 years with moderate-to-severe hyperpigmentation over a 6-week treatment period. Skin condition was assessed using clinical photography, 3D skin topography, and clinical expert evaluation (CEE) at baseline and 6 weeks post-treatment. Participants completed a self-evaluation questionnaire at 6 weeks post-treatment. In vitro findings demonstrated a concentration-dependent inhibition of melanin accumulation by the novel moisturizer. In vivo, significant reductions in dark spot number, area, and perimeter were observed at week 6, along with improvements in skin homogeneity, contrast, and brightness. Skin tone and roughness parameters also improved significantly from baseline. These findings were supported by self-evaluation findings and improvements in CEE parameters. These data provide evidence for the efficacy of the innovative peeling system in reducing the appearance of hyperpigmentation over a 6-week treatment regimen in females with healthy skin and moderate-to-severe hyperpigmentation. The inclusion of AZA and TXA within the peeling system, along with active brightening and penetration-enhancing ingredients, may have synergistically facilitated the observed improvements. This multifaceted approach may address hyperpigmentation at the source, contributing to overall improvements in the appearance of the skin.

Restoring Skin Hydration and Barrier Function: Mechanistic Insights Into Basic Emollients for Xerosis Cutis.

Healthy skin is structured to maintain water balance by maximizing water retention and minimizing evaporative loss. The water-holding and barrier functions of the skin can be impaired by several factors that lead to xerosis cutis (dry skin); however, they can also be restored by basic emollients that act through the physicochemical properties of their constituents. This article aims to give a narrative review of the physiology of normal skin hydration, the key pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in dry skin, and the functional effects of basic emollients for managing xerosis cutis. Skin hydration is primarily mediated by the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the epidermis. Hygroscopic compounds in the SC maintain the skin's water-binding capacity, while the intercellular lipid bilayer and outer hydrolipid film prevent evaporative water loss. Xerosis cutis is characterized by a reduction in natural moisturizing factors or hydrolipids in the SC; it may be caused by exogenous triggers (e.g., cold weather, lifestyle, pollution), endogenous factors (e.g., aging, medication use) or genetic predisposition (as seen in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, ichthyosis), or it may present as a symptom of a systemic disease (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism). Regardless of the underlying cause, basic emollients are recommended for the treatment of xerosis cutis and are typically formulated with humectants to improve skin hydration and water-holding capacity (e.g., glycerol, urea, lactic acid) and occludents to restore the epidermal barrier (e.g., petrolatum, liquid paraffin). Basic emollients remain the standard of care for the long-term management of xerosis cutis and diseases associated with dry skin.

Study of diffuse scattering on facial surface using ray tracing approach

This study investigates the role of topographic attributes in light scattering and diffuse reflection on the skin surface, and diffuse transmission across the surface layer. Validated ray-tracing simulations establish a quantitative link between subvisible micro texture (SMT) and macro texture to skin optical properties, representing youthful and healthy skin characteristics. Our findings reveal the dominant role of the subvisible micro texture parameter (, the ratio of width to height) in governing light scattering. Smaller ratios, corresponding to fine SMT, result in increased diffuse reflection and create a more pronounced soft-focus effect, which plays a critical role in driving profound skin appearance such as radiance. While the macro texture parameter also influences scattering, its impact is less significant. Additionally, we quantify the impact of SMT on the transversal light movement from inside the skin to outside it. This simulation showed that more incident light leaves after traveling inside skin with smaller , a measure of finer SMT. Our validated 2D subvisible micro texture model accurately computes the light-skin interactions influenced by the various levels of the skin’s topographic features, offering valuable insights for cosmetics, dermatology, and aesthetic medical imaging.

Yarning with a remote Aboriginal community about the next steps for achieving healthy skin.

Yarning with a remote Aboriginal community about the next steps for achieving healthy skin.

Still not sterile: viability-based assessment of the skin microbiome following pre-surgical application of a broad-spectrum antiseptic reveals transient pathogen enrichment and long-term recovery.

Broad-spectrum antiseptics such as chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) have widespread use as pre-surgical tools to lower skin microbial burden and reduce the risk of surgical site infection. However, the short- and long-term effects of CHG on healthy skin microbial communities remain undefined due to the confounding effects of CHG binding with persistent bacterial DNA on the skin surface. Here, we aim to accurately characterize the immediate and long-term impact of pre-surgical preparation with CHG-based antiseptics on the human skin microbiome. Twenty-eight patients undergoing elective surgeries were enrolled. Swabs of the surgical site and a control site skin microbiome were collected at multiple time points before and up to 2 weeks after surgery. A propidium monoazide (PMAxx)-based viability assay was optimized to selectively evaluate DNA from live microbes in complex skin microbial communities with viability-qPCR and viable 16S ribosomal RNA gene profiling. Pre-operative CHG induces a measurable reduction in the viable microbial bioburden at the surgical site. On the day of surgery, surgical sites displayed a significant increase in the relative abundance of several SSI-associated bacterial genera including Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Pseudomonas compared to baseline. Bacillus species isolated from subjects at baseline also demonstrate resistance to CHG with minimum inhibitory concentrations exceeding 1,000 µg/mL. Although there are major skin microbiome shifts upon exposure to CHG, we also find that these shifts are largely transient. For the majority of individuals, skin microbial bioburden and community structure recover to near baseline by post-surgical follow-up.IMPORTANCESurgical site infections continue to occur despite widespread adoption of surgical antiseptics. Before surgery, patients often wash their whole body multiple times with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)-based antiseptic soap and have CHG applied to the surgical site in the operating room. However, the effects of CHG antiseptics on the healthy skin microbiome are undefined due to CHG persisting and binding DNA from dead cells on the skin. We optimized a viability assay to selectively target DNA from live microbes on the skin before and after exposure to CHG. Our findings demonstrate that pre-surgical application of CHG significantly reduces the bioburden on skin; however, potentially pathogenic bacteria remain. Post-surgery, the skin microbiome eventually recovers to resemble its pre-CHG exposed state. Collectively, these findings identify tangible avenues for improving antiseptic formulations and further support that the skin microbiome is viable, stable, and resilient to chemical perturbation.

Effects of supplementation of collagen types, vitamins, nutrients and exosome modulations for the rejuvenation of collagen fibers and improvement of skin aesthetics: a systematic review

Introduction: Collagen prevails in connective tissues, constituting 80% of the dry weight of human skin. Aging induces a decline in enzymes involved in the post-translational processing of collagen, reducing the number of fibroblasts that synthesize collagen and the vessels that irrigate the skin. Oral ingestion of hydrolyzed collagen together with vitamins and nutrients (especially apple exosomes/microRNAs) increases the levels of collagen-derived peptides in the bloodstream and improves skin properties. Objective: A systematic review was carried out to elucidate the main results of clinical studies and meta-analyses of clinical studies on the effects of supplementation of types of collagens, vitamins, nutrients and modulations of exosomes/microRNAs for the rejuvenation of collagen fibers and improvement of skin aesthetics. Methods: The search was carried out from November 2024 to January 2025 in the Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, and Google Scholar databases. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was analyzed according to the Cochrane instrument. Results and Conclusion: A total of 122 articles were found, and 12 articles were evaluated in full, and 08 were included and developed in the present systematic review study. Considering the Cochrane tool for risk of bias, the overall assessment resulted in 20 studies with a high risk of bias and 26 studies that did not meet GRADE and AMSTAR-2. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2=62.4%>50%. Oral nutritional supplements containing collagen peptides can reduce skin vulnerability in the elderly and thus prevent conditions such as skin lesions. Thus, microRNA (miR-181b) may negatively regulate the proliferation of HEKs in psoriasis by targeting TLR4. The direct effects of collagen peptides on fibroblasts, M2-like macrophages, and mechanisms related to oral tolerance are the possible mechanisms for the beneficial effects of collagen supplementation. Special collagen peptides together with acerola extract, vitamin C, vitamin E, biotin, and zinc showed a significant improvement in the skin's collagen structure. The proven positive nutritional effect on collagen structure was fully consistent with the quality of healthy skin. Finally, apple-derived nanovesicles (exosomes) also reduce the degradation of the extracellular matrix, increasing collagen synthesis (COL3A1, COL1A2, COL8A1, and COL6A1) and negatively regulating the production of metalloproteinases.

High-Throughput Metabolomic Profiling of Skin Lesions: Comparative Study of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, and Normal Skin Via e-Biopsy Sampling

Abstract Purpose Rising rates of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) make standard histopathology diagnostic methods a bottleneck. Using tissue molecular information for diagnostics offers a promising alternative. Faster specimen collection and high-throughput molecular identification can improve the processing of the increasing number of tumors. This study aims (i) to confirm the ability of e-biopsy technique to harvest metabolites, (ii) to obtain high-resolution metabolomic profiles of cSCC, BCC, and healthy skin tissues, and (iii) to perform a comparative analysis of the collected profiles. Methods Tumor specimens were collected with electroporation-based biopsy (e-biopsy), a minimally invasive sampling collection tool, from 13 tissue samples (cSCC, BCC, and healthy skin) from 12 patients. Ultra performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS) was used for molecular identification and quantification of resulting metabolomic profiles. Results Here we report measurements of 2325 small metabolites identified (301 with high confidence) in 13 tissue samples from 12 patients. Comparative analysis identified 34 significantly (p < 0.05) differentially expressed high-confidence metabolites. Generally, we observed a greater number of metabolites with higher expression, in cSCC and in BCC compared to healthy tissues, belonging to the subclass amino acids, peptides, and analogues. Conclusions These findings confirm the ability of e-biopsy technique to obtain high-resolution metabolomic profiles suitable to downstream bioinformatics analysis. This highlights the potential of e-biopsy coupled with UPLC-MS-MS for rapid, high-throughput metabolomic profiling in skin cancers and supports its utility as a promising diagnostic alternative to standard histopathology.

Trauma-induced psoriatic arthritis: A deep Köbner phenomenon

Introduction: Psoriasis is a chronic systemic inflammatory disorder resulting from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. In addition to cutaneous manifestations, psoriasis is associated with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Among the recognized mechanisms of disease exacerbation, the Köbner phenomenon (KP) plays a crucial role. KP refers to the appearance of new psoriatic lesions on previously healthy skin following trauma. A deeper variant of this phenomenon, the deep Köbner phenomenon (DKP), involves severe trauma triggering systemic inflammation, including the onset of PsA. Trauma-induced DKP represents unique disease mechanisms, linking external mechanical stress to immune-mediated joint pathology. Case Presentation: We present a case of a 60-year-old male with psoriasis, who initially responded well to ixekizumab, an IL-17A inhibitor, but subsequently developed PsA following a wrist injury. The PsA exacerbation was attributed to increased mechanical stress from daily activities and rehabilitation efforts. Adjustments were made to rehabilitation intensity and joint movement restrictions, leading to gradual symptom improvement over three months without intensifying biological therapy. Conclusion: This case highlights the pathophysiological relationship between trauma, DKP, and PsA. The rapid onset of PsA following trauma suggests that inflammatory mediators and neuropeptides triggered by DKP play significant roles. Given that rehabilitation plays crucial roles in recovery but may also exacerbate symptoms if improperly managed, tailored rehabilitation strategies are essential in managing trauma-induced PsA. This case also underscores the importance of comprehensive management, including biological therapy and personalized rehabilitation approaches. Further studies are needed to optimize inflammation control and joint function in patients experiencing post-trauma PsA.

Evaluation of Apoptotic Caspase-3 Immunopositivity in Human Model of Asphyxial Death.

The pathological mechanisms underlying the ligature mark in hanging involve the skin layers and an ischemic mechanism. The apoptotic process develops whenever ischemic mechanisms affect the dermal and epidermal layers. Effector caspase-3 appears to play a crucial role in both acute and chronic pressure-induced skin ischemia. The aim of this study is to identify the role of caspase-3 as a marker of supravitality in the diagnosis of premortem hanging. Skin samples from ligature marks in hanging cases were collected to investigate this apoptotic process. The caspase-3 levels in compressed skin were significantly higher compared to those found in healthy skin (p < 0.005). The apoptotic process in ischemic epidermal cells begins with stable mechanical stress, as seen in the hanging model. Caspase-3 expression seems to vary from minutes after the initial stress input. Caspase-3 activation is an ATP-dependent process and can only occur if the victim was alive before the pressure was applied. Caspase-3 is a reliable marker of supravitality in ligature marks in premortem hanging cases.

Investigation of PVA Matrix Hydrogel Loaded with Centaurea cyanus Extract for Wound Dressing Applications: Morphology, Drug Release, Antibacterial Efficiency, and In Vitro Evaluation

A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix hydrogel loaded with Centaurea cyanus extract was created for transdermal wound healing. Secondary metabolites, antibacterial properties, and the cytotoxicity of C. cyanus extract were investigated. The secondary metabolite profiles of the extract were determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique. It was determined that the extract has metabolites such as quinic acid, caffeoylquinic acid, kaempferol, etc., which contribute to the steps of wound healing. The extract had significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus when compared with ampicillin antibiotic and showed an inhibition zone of 16.9 mm ± 0.8, whereas ampicillin’s inhibition zone was 15.8 mm ± 0.8. The extract did not exhibit cytotoxic effects on 3T3-L1 (CL173) healthy skin fibroblasts, maintained cell viability for 72 h, and exhibited a 19% proliferative effect. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer, tensile strength analyses, in vitro release, and physicochemical tests were conducted. It was seen that the surfaces of the samples are smooth and homogeneous, patches had a significant amount of water absorption capacity, and 79% of the extract was released within the first 24 h of application; consequently, these results indicate that C. cyanus might be used in wound healing with its antibacterial, growth-promoting properties.

812 Burn Patient Tissue Fibroblasts Successfully Extracted to Study in Fibrotic Predictive Model

Abstract Introduction After a burn, a tightly controlled wound repair process occurs. This often results in scar formation from a dysregulated replacement of extracellular matrix (ECM) and fibrosis, ultimately leading to loss of normal tissue function. Fibroblasts play a crucial role in wound healing by producing ECM components and facilitating tissue repair. Yet wound fibroblast dysregulation can directly provoke the fibrotic response. To develop a patient specific predictive model of fibrosis severity, we hypothesized collection of burned fibroblasts can be isolated from patient tissue samples. Methods Human skin biopsy samples of 0.012” thickness were collected in the operating room during burn excisional debridement. Biopsied locations included full thickness burn, burn adjacent healthy tissue, and remote healthy tissue samples (donor site) depending on the clinical scenario. Samples were placed in tissue transport medium at 4° C and were transferred to the laboratory for processing. Biopsies, maintained in fibroblast medium, were divided into 2mm x 2mm portions. A single tissue portion was placed in the center of each well and fed with 500mL of fibroblast medium. Once fibroblast cells reached 75% confluency in a single well, the cells were detached from the tissue culture plate using Trypsin-EDTA solution and transferred to tissue culture flasks. Cells were collected from flasks and frozen for later study. Results Biopsy samples were collected from three patients with full thickness burn injuries: Patient 1: Three biopsies were taken five days post-injury: full-thickness burn, burn adjacent, and healthy skin. Time from tissue collection to sample plating was 172 minutes. Fibroblasts were collected from the full thickness burn sample on Day 13 and from healthy skin on Day 19. Patient 2: One healthy skin biopsy was obtained 35 days post-injury. The time from tissue collection to plating was 65 minutes. Fibroblasts were collected on Day 30. Patient 3: Two biopsies were taken 14 days post-injury: full thickness burn and burn adjacent tissue. The time from tissue collection to plating was 47 minutes. Fibroblasts were not collected due to insufficient migration out of tissue sample. Conclusions Fibroblasts were obtained from healthy and full thickness burned samples, but not from burn adjacent tissue. This suggests there is a post-burn window, (here tested at Day 5 and Day 14), during which the fibroblasts in burn adjacent tissue significantly migrated into the wound to facilitate repair, depleting the level of fibroblasts in the nearby healthy tissue. Applicability of Research to Practice We will further study these cells to determine how fibroblasts are regulated or dysregulated in normal and fibrotic wound healing within an engineered 2-D skin wound model. Here, we developed a patient-derived fibroblast collection protocol with the end goal of creating a model to predict fibrotic severity to inform clinical treatment. Funding for the Study N/A

Hyaluronan Tetrasaccharides Penetrate into the Skin by Passive Diffusion and Contribute to Skin Health.

Hyaluronan (HA) is a commonly used material in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals because of its various pharmacological activities. However, because of its large molecular weight, HA penetrates the skin very poorly and most of it remains on the skin surface. Thus, topically applied HA could not be expected to function biologically in the skin. However, we have confirmed that HA tetrasaccharides (HA4), which is the smallest unit of HA, penetrate into the skin by passive diffusion and affect epidermal metabolism. Topical treatment of HA4 rescues the epidermal damage caused by long-term UVA irradiation. Furthermore, various biological functions of HA4 to maintain healthy skin was observed in cell culture studies. This review describes the skin permeability of HA4 and how it contributes to healthy skin.

541 Granzyme B: Potential Role in Hypertrophic Scarring and Burn Wound Healing Through Extracellular Matrix Remodeling

Abstract Introduction Hypertrophic scars are fibroproliferative wound healing defects affecting up to 70% of patients with severe burns. Characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in the dermis, hypertrophic scars are often associated with an excessive production and activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-Beta, a major pro-fibrotic cytokine. Granzyme B (GzmB) is a serine protease that is elevated in burn wounds and may contribute to scarring and fibrosis through the degradation of specific ECM proteins. GzmB notably cleaves Decorin, leading to the impairment of collagen fibrillogenesis and the subsequent release/activation of TGF-Beta. Furthermore, GzmB topical inhibition reduced scarring and decorin loss in a mouse model of burn wound healing. The present study aims at delineating the role of GzmB in hypertrophic scarring through the cleavage of the ECM, with a specific focus on TGF-Beta activation. Methods Using skin sections from healthy controls (n=6) and patients with hypertrophic scars (n=10), we investigated GzmB ability to regulate TGF-Beta activation through the cleavage of extracellular matrix proteins. Results Immunohistochemical staining and co-immunofluorescence analyses showed an accumulation of GzmB-positive cells, especially mast cells, in the dermis of hypertrophic scar (n=10) patients compared to healthy controls (n=6). Staining for substance P, a neuropeptide involved in mast cell degranulation, suggests that GzmB is released extracellularly by mast cells. Compared to healthy skin, we confirmed the reduction of decorin and observed a loss of the ECM protein LTBP1 (Latent TGF-Beta Binding Protein-1) at the dermal-epidermal junction of hypertrophic scars. Using LTBP1 producing cells, its cleavage was confirmed by GzmB in vitro. Furthermore, increased activation of the TGF-beta/Smad signaling pathway was observed in cells treated with LTBP1 pre-digested with GzmB. This observation, abolished by a Pan-TGF-Beta inhibitor, indicates that GzmB promotes LTBP1 dependent TGF-Beta activation. Conclusions GzmB may contribute to hypertrophic scar formation through multiple mechanisms involving ECM cleavage and TGF-Beta activation. Applicability of Research to Practice This study will provide key rationale to pursue GzmB as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertrophic scars. Funding for the Study This work was funded in part by grants-in-Aid from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the British Columbia Professional Firefighters’ Burn Fund, and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) Local 258. One of the author is the recipient of the Arthritis Society Canada Training Postdoctoral Fellowship.

Surgical Approach to Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

Surgical Approach to Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

Classification of 24 skin conditions using swin transformer: leveraging DermNet &amp; healthy skin dataset

Classification of 24 skin conditions using swin transformer: leveraging DermNet &amp; healthy skin dataset

36 Low-Cost Template for Rapid and Accurate Meshing of Autograft Skin in Surgical Burn Care

Abstract Introduction Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounts for 21% of the world’s 180,000 annual burn deaths, despite comprising only 15% of the population. Autologous skin grafting is the standard treatment for severe burns, but for large burns, limited healthy skin can be harvested without risking infection, blood loss, and hypothermia. To cover larger areas, skin must be meshed, but commercial skin meshers are scarce in SSA due to cost, leaving surgeons to hand-mesh with scalpels, which is inefficient for higher expansion ratios. We present a low-cost template for skin meshing, offering a faster, easier alternative in resource-limited settings. Methods We created a two-plate template that compresses a skin graft, with the top plate stenciled for parallel scalpel cuts to produce a meshed graft for expansion. Extrusion patterns align the skin for clean, linear cuts. A 3D model was printed using polyethylene terephthalate glycol. Tattoo practice skin, used to simulate human skin grafts, was meshed by both standard hand-scaling and our template. Time-to-mesh and the consistency of cuts (length and spacing) were measured with ImageJ software. Expansion ratio (final vs. initial length) and graft void area (interstices after meshing) were also quantified. Results Results using tattoo practice skin show that the template significantly improves meshing speed and consistency. Meshing a 10cm x 10cm graft with the template took 43 ± 1 seconds, compared to 262 ± 12 seconds by hand. The template achieved an expansion ratio of 1.70:1, higher than the 1.50:1 from hand-meshing, though slightly below the expected 2.13:1. The average void area was 1.33 ± 0.47 cm². Conclusions This novel skin graft meshing template offers a more accessible, reusable alternative to commercial meshers for burn care in low-resource settings. It improves speed and achieves expansion ratios up to 1.70:1, addressing critical needs where donor skin is limited. Designed with input from burn surgeons at Johns Hopkins and in Mozambique, it minimizes skin stress and uses standard scalpel blades. Future optimization aims for a 2:1 expansion ratio and reduced void area. This innovation could improve care for 40,000 burn victims annually in sub-Saharan Africa, enhancing treatment outcomes and reducing mortality in underserved regions. Applicability of Research to Practice Our low-cost skin graft meshing template has significant real-world applicability, especially in resource-limited regions like sub-Saharan Africa. It reduces meshing time (from over 4 minutes to under 1 minute), increases expansion ratios (up to 1.70:1), and uses accessible materials, making it easy for surgeons to adopt with minimal training. This research directly translates into improved burn care, potentially reducing morbidity and mortality in underserved areas. It also serves as a model for future medical innovations designed for low-resource settings, improving patient outcomes and care standards. Funding for the Study N/A

Healthy skin for children and young people with skin of colour starts with clinician knowledge and recognition: a narrative review.

Healthy skin for children and young people with skin of colour starts with clinician knowledge and recognition: a narrative review.

Oombarl Oombarl Joorrinygor-Slowly Slowly Moving Forward: Reflections From a Cross-Cultural Team Working Together on the See, Treat, Prevent (SToP) Trial in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia.

Reflexivity is crucial for researchers and health professionals working within Aboriginal health. Reflexivity provides a tool for non-Aboriginal researchers to contribute to the broader intention of reframing historical academic positivist paradigms into Indigenous research methodologies (IRM) to privilege Aboriginal voices in knowledge construction and decision-making. This practice requires researchers to transition from safe and familiar research environments into unfamiliar and uncomfortable spaces. This uncomfortable space is often referred to as the 'third space'-the 'in-between' space that can be turbulent and difficult to navigate. However, it is also a productive space where new collaborations are created, and ideas can emerge. This manuscript provides reflections from a cross-cultural team working on a transdisciplinary healthy skin program-the See, Treat, Prevent (SToP) Trial in Aboriginal communities in the Kimberley region of Western Australia (WA). Cultural mentors guided our team to work in an Oombarl Oombarl (steady steady) way to navigate the cultural interface between familiar biomedical elements and unknown health promotion activities. Our third space was the intangible space in-between the S, T and P of the SToP Trial. Narratives were collected through semi-structured interviews and yarning sessions. All participants provided written consent for audio recording; in one instance, consent was provided to record graphically. A thematic analysis aligning with the question guide was conducted. Reflections include team members' experiences of learning the Oombarl Oombarl way, individually and collectively. Initially, most team members revealed it was challenging to work in an Oombarl Oombarl way, having to move out of the safe, familiar research environment into the unknown community-led health promotion space. This in-between space became our third space-the uncomfortable space where we relinquished 'control' of research agendas and learnt to work to the rhythm of Aboriginal communities in WA's Kimberley region. Reflexivity is necessary when working in a cross-cultural context. In Aboriginal homeland communities situated in remote settings, researchers benefit from being 'on the ground' to enable trust and genuine relationships to be developed. Visits on Country provide a rich experiential learning experience and a space for story sharing and yarning. Cultural guidance and two-way learning partnerships with cultural mentors assist non-Aboriginal researchers in understanding and adhering to cultural protocols and community processes. Allowing sufficient time to build relationships and flexible timelines are important considerations when developing research grants and protocols. SO WHAT?: Our findings demonstrate the importance of building genuine relationships and yarning on Country with Aboriginal communities to build health promotion knowledge together. Making meaning of health literacy can only evolve through two-way learning partnerships where Aboriginal people guide the process. Our research reveals a novel approach to developing meaningful health promotion initiatives and resources on Country that centralise local Aboriginal language, artwork and community context.

Pinpoint the Aliment of Skin Disease With AI

Abstract: Dermatology is the field of science responsible for diagnosis and management of skin disorders. The dermatological disorders are wide spread and vary geographically, and usually due to the change in temperature, humidity and other environmental factors. Human skin presents one of the most complex systems to mechanically image and analyze due to its unevenness, color, presence of hair and other soothing features. Although, numerous researches are being done to find out and prove human skin As exploited (Computer Vision techniques), very few concentrated around the medical paradigm of the issue. Owing to lack of medical facilities available in the remote regions, patients often ignore early warning signs which could later worsen the situation over time. Thus, there is always a growing demand for automatic skin disease detection system with high accuracy of diagnosis. Therefore, we propose a system for automatic detection and classification of skin diseases for building a multi-class deep learning model to tell the difference between Healthy Skin and skin suffering from a disease and categorization of skin diseases into the following groups: Melanocytic Nevi, Melanoma, Keratosis like lesions, Basal cell Carcinoma, Actinic Keratoses, Vascular tumor, and Dermatofibroma. We have used Profound Learning to prepare our show. Profound Learning could be a subset of Machine Learning which uses a much bigger dataset than the traditional approach, thus the number of classifiers is reduced significantly. The machine is capable of learning all by itself, it sorts the provided data into different levels of prediction and very quickly, gives the precise results, thus helping and fostering the development of Dermatology. The algorithm that we have used is Convolutional Neural Arrange (CNN) because it is one of the foremost preferred calculation for picture classification