Health Effects Of Benzene Research Articles

The exposures and health effects of benzene, toluene and naphthalene for Chinese chefs in multiple cooking styles of kitchens.

Commercial cooking has higher intensity and more severe instantaneous cooking pollution from volatile organic chemicals compared to home cooking, making health risk assessment of occupational exposure for chefs a priority. In this study, chefs from three cooking styles of kitchens, including steaming, frying, and grilling, were selected to investigate the external and internal exposures, health risks and effects of several typical aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene and naphthalene). Naphthalene was found to be the most concentrated contaminant in air samples among the different kitchens, while benzene had the lowest concentration. The concentration of toluene in frying kitchens was significantly higher than that in steaming kitchens. Air concentrations of toluene in frying kitchens, as well as benzene concentrations in grilling kitchens exceeded the standard level according to indoor air quality standard (GB/T18883-2002). Regarding the metabolites of pollutants in urine, the content of S-benzylmercapturic acids (S-BMA) for frying chefs was significantly higher than that for other cooking styles of chefs, which was consistent with the relatively higher air concentrations of toluene. There was a good correlation between internal and external exposure of the pollutants. The level of oxidative stress was influenced by 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-OHN) and S-BMA, indicating the potential health risks of these occupational exposed chefs. This study indicates the need to improve the monitoring of typical aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as to investigate their potential health effects in large-scale groups, and improve the ventilation in kitchens.

Ambient Air Measurement of Benzene, Toluene and Xylene Within a Nigerian Petroleum Products Depot and Its Host Environment Using Carbon Adsorption and GC-FID Techniques

Health effects of benzene, toluene and xylene emissions from a Nigerian Petroleum Products depot make stringent adherence to maximum allowable concentration very important. The storage facilities and distribution network and other installations of petroleum products depot are significant sources of benzene, toluene and xylene therefore ambient air of the depot requires observation and assessment. The ambient air concentrations of BTX were been measured within Pipelines and Product Marketing Company, Mosimi Depot and its immediate environment. Air samples were collected on granular activated charcoal through low volume air sampler and extracted with carbon disulphide (CS2) by desorption process.The extracted solutions were subjected to Flame Ionization Detection analysis in a gas chromatograph (Model: HP 6890) using a capillary column HP 5MS with length, inner diameter and particle size set at 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm. The gas chromatograph was powered with chemstation RevA09.01 [1206] software to determine the concentrations of each of the identified VOCs species. The concentrations of benzene, toluene, p xylene, m xylene and o xylene ranged between 0.0104 - 0.0711, 0.0019 - 0.0998, 0.0010 - 0.0022, 0.0014 - 0.0026 and 0.0006 0.0019 mg/m3 respectively. The mean values were 0.0277, 0.0389, 0.0013, 0.0019 and 0.00010 mg/m3, respectively. On the average, the observed concentrations did not exceed the tolerance (air concentrations) limits set for Nigeria environment by the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA).

1763-P: Acarbose Protects from Central and Peripheral Metabolic Imbalance Induced by Exposure to Benzene

Benzene is a well-known human carcinogen that is one of the major components of air pollution. Few epidemiological studies suggested an association between adverse health effects of benzene at low doses and the development of insulin resistance. Regardless, a detailed analysis of the metabolic effects of benzene exposure and its target tissues has rarely been done. We assessed the effects of chronic and acute exposure to benzene at 50 ppm in inhalation chambers in mice. We show that exposure to benzene for 4 weeks (5h/day), induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, associated with impairment in gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism in males. Females were completely resistant to the negative metabolic consequences of benzene exposure. Moreover, chronic benzene exposure promoted hypothalamic gliosis, ER stress, and elevation of inflammatory genes in male mice. In support, a global proteome profile has identified inflammatory and ER stress pathways in the hypothalamus of the benzene exposed animals suggesting their role in a benzene-induced metabolic imbalance. In support, benzene exposure triggered alterations in neuron-glia interactions by modulating neuronal sensing under hyperglycemic conditions within hypothalamic glucose-sensing VMH neurons. Mechanistically, acute benzene exposure activated hypothalamic ER stress and neuroinflammatory responses, while pharmacological inhibition of IRE1α-XBP1 pathway alleviated glial inflammatory cytokines production suggesting that this may be the primary mechanism by which benzene causes changes in metabolic status. A diabetes drug, Acarbose that extends animals’ life span in a sex-specific manner, and protected against benzene induced metabolic imbalance, ER stress, and neuroinflammatory responses. Acarbose imitates the slowing of dietary carbohydrate digestion, suggesting that choosing a diet with a low glycemic index might be a potential strategy for reducing the effect of benzene exposure even at lower levels. Disclosure L. Kniess Debarba: None. A. Mulka: None. P.I. Fakhoury: None. O. Didyuk: None. A.A. Awada: None. J. Lima: None. L. Koshko: None. U. Klueh: Research Support; Self; Abbott. Other Relationship; Self; Cell and Molecular Tissue Engineering, LLC. M. Sadagurski: None. Funding American Diabetes Association (1-18-JDF-063 to M.S.)

Short-term effects of ambient benzene and TEX (toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene combined) on cardiorespiratory mortality in Hong Kong

BackgroundNumerous epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated the detrimental effects of the criteria air pollutants on population health, including particulate matters, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide. However, evidence on health effects of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX in short) is insufficient. ObjectivesThe present study aimed to assess the exposure-lag-response relations of ambient BTEX components with cardiorespiratory mortality in Hong Kong population. MethodsDaily BTEX concentrations from April 2011 to December 2014 were collected from the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department. Cause-specific mortality records were obtained from the Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong. Generalized additive model (GAM) integrated with a distributed lag model (DLM) was used to estimate the excess risks of cardiorespiratory mortality associated with the cumulative exposure to benzene and TEX (toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene combined) over 0–9 lag days, while adjusting for time trend, seasonality, weather conditions and calendar effects. ResultsWe observed the delayed and distributed lag effects of BTEX components on circulatory mortality. The cumulative exposures over 0–9 lag days for IQR increments of benzene (1.4 μg/m3) and TEX (7.9 μg/m3) were associated with 5.8% (95%CI: 1.0% to 10.8%) and 3.5% (95%CI: 1.0% to 6.1%) increases in circulatory mortality, respectively. The effect estimates of benzene and TEX were more delayed than that of PM2.5. We didn't observe any significant association of BTEX exposure on total and respiratory deaths. ConclusionsShort-term elevations in ambient BTEX concentrations may trigger circulatory mortality in Hong Kong population.

The Role of Epigenetic Changes in Benzene- Induced Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a malignant cancer in blood and bone marrow with overall survival rate about 25% in adult. The main pathological changes of AML involve the dysfunctions of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells including the abnormal proliferation, blocked differentiation and abolished apoptosis. Benzene is one of the widely used chemicals in petrol and an environmental leukaemogen that can cause AML and haematological malignancies. Although extensive research work has been conducted to investigate the health effects of benzene, the mechanisms behind the benzene-inducedleukaemogenesis remain unclear due to the complex toxicities of benzene. Genotoxic effects of the compound on hematopoietic system have been believed to be the main mechanism underlying benzene-induced leukaemogensis. Emerging evidences suggested that epigenetic modifications play an important role in the occurrence of diseases including AML. This review will summarize the recent studies based on literatures from Pubmed and discusses the role of epigenetics changes in Benzene-induced acute myeloid leukemia.

BENZENE 2009—Health effects and mechanisms of bone marrow toxicity: Implications for t-AML and the mode of action framework

This overview of the Symposium and its organization includes a historical survey of the scientific literature in which the relationship of benzene exposure to the development of aplastic anemia and other bone marrow diseases, including acute myeloid (myelogenous) leukemia, is described. Previous conferences on the health effects of benzene are summarized. The important role of the revised World Health Organization classification of tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues in clarifying the specific diseases related to benzene exposure is emphasized.

Carcinogenic risk assessment of benzene in outdoor air: Developed jointly by the Members of the Committee on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Substances, Health Council of The Netherlands

Based on a working document reviewing benzene toxicity data prepared by the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Hygiene of The Netherlands a committee of the Health Council of The Netherlands prepared a report regarding a health risk assessment of benzene in ambient air. A short review of the available data on the health effects of benzene is presented. Two risk evaluations based on epidemiological studies of humans exposed to benzene are presented and incorporated in the overall risk assessment. Together with these evaluations and the fact that there is no strong evidence for the existence of a stochastic working mechanism of action the committee advised to increase the result of the risk assessment presented by the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Hygiene of The Netherlands by two orders of magnitude.