Term Health Effects Research Articles

Analysis of Food Security and Dietary Diversity Patterns Among Female Farmer Workers in Lombok Tengah, Indonesia

Background: Malnutrition and lack of access to food are ongoing problems in the world, and Lombok Tengah, West Nusa Tenggara, is not an exception. Inadequate dietary intake among children under five years of age in Central Lombok can have negative short and long term health effects, including stunted physical growth and impaired cognitive development in childhood. Female farmworkers have been among the most impacted populations in this socioeconomic transformation. Methods: This is a cross sectional study and subjects in the study was randomly selected, while the number of samples participating in this study was 359 farmer households. The research has a purpose to evaluate the dietary diversity and food security of female farmworkers in Lombok Tengah. Results: Meat, poultry, and similar goods were found to have statistically significant correlations with food security status in unadjusted studies. Conclusion: Additionally, a high correlation was seen between food security and household dietary diversity. The community's appalling nutrition status was made clear by the findings.

Cannabis smoking is associated with persistent epigenome-wide disruptions despite smoking cessation

BackgroundThe use of cannabis has been associated with both therapeutic and harmful effects. As with cigarette smoking, cannabis smoking may affect the epigenetic regulation (e.g., DNA methylation) of gene expression which could result in long term health effects. The study of DNA methylation in cannabis smoking has to date been restricted to young adults and there remains yet no evaluation of whether cannabis smoking cessation can reverse epigenetic disturbances. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between genome-wide DNA methylation and cannabis smoking.MethodsWe used peripheral blood from a subset of older adults within the Canadian Cohort of Obstructive Lung Disease (CanCOLD) cohort (n = 93) to conduct an epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis that identified differential methylated positions (DMPs) associated with cannabis smoking at a false discovery rate < 0.05. Using these DMPs, we then identified differentially methylated genes (DMGs) that enriched pathways associated with both former and current cannabis smoking status.ResultsWe found DMPs corresponding to 12,115 DMGs and 10,806 DMGs that distinguished the current and former cannabis smoking groups, respectively, from the never cannabis smoking group. 5,915 of these DMGs were shared between the current and former cannabis smoking groups. 50 enriched pathways were also shared between the current and former cannabis smoking groups, which were heavily represented by multiple aging- and cancer-related pathways.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that in older adults, cannabis smoking is linked with epigenome-wide disruptions, many of which persist despite cannabis smoking cessation. Epigenetic modulation of genes associated with aging and cancer that remains even after quitting cannabis should serve as a caution that there may be long-lasting epigenetic injury with cannabis smoking.Trial registrationNCT00920348.

Cumulative Radiation Exposure Post Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage.

Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) often receive multiple radiation based diagnostic studies. Cumulative radiation exposure has been associated with long term health consequences from both dose dependent deterministic harm and increased risk of developing adverse events in anon-dose dependant manner i.e. stochastic harm. The objective was to calculate cumulative radiation exposure in the acute phase after aSAH. Single centre retrospective, observational study of consecutive adult patients admitted to the ICU for management of aSAH over five years. Organ and effective radiation doses were determined using institution specific conversion coefficients based on scanner radiation output metrics for all computed tomography imaging and fluoroscopy examinations. Calculated patient doses for the duration of the hospital admission were determined using National Cancer Institute radiation dosimetry tools. Atotal of 276 patients met the inclusion criteria; 180 females (65%), mean (SD) age56 (13) years. There were 222 (80%) patients who survived to hospital discharge. The median [IQR] effective cumulative radiation dose was 17.7 [9.7-30.5] mSv. Twenty-one patients (8%) received an effective dose > 50 mSV consistent with potentially harmful ionising radiation exposure. In 162 patients (59%), the equivalent radiation dose to the lens of the eye exceeded the 500 mSv threshold for radiation induced damage. Survivors of aSAH are exposed to high levels of medical radiation. The eyes are particularly at risk with most patients exposed to levels known to induce lens damage. This highlights the importance of strategies to reduce incidental and cumulative medical radiation exposure in this population.

Childhood Adversity and Telomere Length.

Purpose: Exposure to adversity during childhood and adolescence is associated with numerous health conditions in adulthood; telomere shortening may be a mechanism through which adversity contributes to poor outcomes. We studied three areas of adversity (parent relational instability, child household instability, and financial instability) occurring during three epochs across childhood and adolescence and their associations with telomere length during adolescence. Methods: Data were obtained from the first wave of a longitudinal cohort study of youth aged 11-17 and their primary caregiver. Caregivers completed demographic and adversity questionnaires; youth provided a saliva sample for DNA extraction for telomere analysis. Results: Of 879 youth, over half experienced some adversity. More than one third experienced parent relational instability in each age epoch, with nearly a quarter experiencing parent relational instability in all age epochs. Youth experienced a similar pattern of financial instability but lower rates of child household instability. Youth experiencing parent relational instability at two or three epochs had shorter telomeres compared to those without any parent relational instability (p < .004). Youth who experienced child household instability in two age epochs had shorter telomeres (p = .003) and youth who experienced financial instability across all three epochs had shorter telomeres (p = .013) compared to youth without these adversities. Conclusion: Continuing exposure to adversity in early childhood may be more likely to affect telomere length. Research is needed to further determine adversities exerting the most effect and to understand if early telomere shortening has long term health effects.

Iron Treatment in Patients with Iron Deficiency Before and After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Narrative Review.

Iron is an essential nutrient in living organisms with multiple vital functions. Iron deficiency (ID) can cause long term health consequences beyond iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The high prevalence of ID and its long-term effects in patients with obesity and after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is recognized. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge of the optimal route or dose for treatment of patients with obesity and post-MBS, and an evidence-based universal guideline for prevention and treatment of ID in short- and long-term post-MBS (PMBS) is not yet available. ID in the general population is currently treated with oral or parenteral iron, where oral iron treatment is considered the preferred option with parenteral iron as a second-line treatment in case there is intolerance or lack of response to oral iron. In patients with obesity with chronic low-grade inflammation and PMBS patients with altered gut anatomy and function, there are also alterations in the bioavailability and higher risks of side effects of available oral irons. The conclusions of current studies exploring effective treatment of iron deficiency in this population have been inconsistent and further well-planned randomized and prospective studies are needed. This is a narrative review of the literature on the available treatment options and strategies for treatment of ID in PMBS patients to recognize the knowledge gaps and provides topics of future research.

Harm Reduction in Tobaccoism : What Does the Scientific Evidence Say?

Smoking is considered a chronic disease caused by chemical dependence of nicotine. This is highly addicting, it in the brain system it influences our emotions, increases the feeling of pleasure/humor and reduces the anxiety. In a planet with about 8 billion people, around 1,36 billion are smokers. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the world, around 8 million people die every year. A global public health problem, and those who smoke are vulnerable to 50 tobacco-related diseases, several kinds of cancer, lung diseases, cardiovascular disease, erectile dysfunction, female infertility and pregnancy complications. In 2020, according to data from the World Health Organization, 22,3% of the world population consumed tobacco, 36,7% of men and 7,8%of women. In Brazil, due to policies implemented to smoking control, we had a significant drop in the of period (1989 to 2019) from 34,8% of smokers to 12,6% and in 2021, the total percentage of smokers age 18 or over was 9.1%. All forms of tobacco consumption are harmful to health and there is no safe level. Cigarette smoke 4.720 different toxic substances such as nicotine, irritants, tar and carbon monoxide. In the last 15 years, new heated tobacco devices have arrived on the market with promises of less harm to health. In 78 countries this products are available, including Japan, The United States, Canada, Portugal, Australia, Italy and The United Kingdom. As they do not cause tobacco combustion, they created significantly lower levels of toxic substances, which is the strongest arguments made by defenders of those products. A systematic review of the literature in 2018 on heated tobacco products identified 31 studies randomly and blind over those devices, 11 independent and 20 funded by the products manufacturers, needing further long-term research. Another systematic review (relevant studies from 2015 to February 2021), both “in vitro” as alive has shown that the benefits of heated tobacco are controversial and more research is needed to the short-and-long term health effects. Another large concern is that availability of these smokeless products may encourage cigarette consumption, especially among young people and often with the combined use of traditional cigarettes and heated tobacco products.

Mobile phone specific radiation disturbs cytokinesis and causes cell death but not acute chromosomal damage in buccal cells: Results of a controlled human intervention study

Mobile phone specific radiation disturbs cytokinesis and causes cell death but not acute chromosomal damage in buccal cells: Results of a controlled human intervention study

The estimated health impact of sustainable diets in the Danish population: a risk-benefit assessment

Abstract Background To mitigate the climate emergency and support a growing world population, sustainable diets have become a popular topic. These plant-forward diets are promising in terms of health effects, but estimated population health impacts linked to changes in nutrition and exposure to food contaminants have yet to be quantified. We used a risk-benefit assessment (RBA) to quantify the net health impact of theoretical dietary changes. Methods We collected dietary consumption data from the Danish National Survey of Diet and Physical Activity, exposure data for selected chemical contaminants (cadmium, methyl mercury, lead, and inorganic arsenic) from Danish food monitoring, and dose-response data for various health outcomes from published epidemiological data. The average Danish diet was compared to multiple dietary scenarios: a Danish-adjusted EAT-Lancet diet and other alternative scenarios that looked at proportional decreases in animal-based foods with plant-based substitutions. Results Shifting to a Danish-adjusted EAT-Lancet diet would require increased consumption of legumes by 6,352%, nuts by 1,036%, bread and cereals by 100%, fruits and berries by 40%, and fish and shellfish by 39%. Red meat and dairy consumption would need decreases of 83% and 25%, respectively. With these changes, we estimated that a net of 22,900 DALYs would be averted in one year in the Danish population. The food groups contributing most to positive health impacts were nuts (-7,721 DALYs), bread and cereals (-6,244), decreased red meat (-5,681), legumes (-2,509), and fruits and berries (-1,396). These results are preliminary; all scenarios will be compared. Conclusions Our results support a beneficial impact on the health of the Danish population due to sustainable dietary transitions. Similar benefits are expected for other populations across Europe. We argue that RBAs are a powerful decision-support tool and can provide quantitative evidence for sustainable diets and future interventions. Key messages • Our comprehensive risk-benefit assessment concluded that transitioning towards a more sustainable diet leads to positive health impacts. • Our conclusions support policy and decision makers in implementing plant-forward dietary recommendations and agendas in the Danish population.

Ergonomic Risk Analysis of Noise and its Effects on the Health of Operators in the Metal-Mechanical Sector.

The risk of developing an occupational pathology due to exposure to noise can cause occupational clinical symptoms with short, medium or long term health effects. The objective of the study is to identify the dysergonomic magnitude of oscillating acoustic comfort, approximately between 80 and 85 decibels, in MSMEs of the metal-mechanic sector and its effects on workers' exposure. The study population consisted of 1300 workers with a sample of 769 workers. The measurement was performed in different workstations with a sound level meter type 1, ISO 28803:2012 standard. Qualitative and quantitative data were obtained to analyze results related to occupational exposure. The sound pressure level was determined in each area of the plant during the different working days. This was done per worker according to their activity and tasks performed. In this way, it was possible to raise discussions about the improvement of the quality of life. The results of the study are satisfactory. Epidemiological surveillance programs (PVE) with an emphasis on audiometry are suggested.

Fluoride Contamination and Water Quality Status

River fluoride contamination is one of public health problems. This study aims to determine the water quality status and fluoride contamination analyses of Cirarab River, Banten-Indonesia. Water sampling was conducted along the Cirarab River from up to downstream at eight (8) stations from February to June 2016. Water fluoride was analyzed using SPADNS method and STORET method for determining water quality status. Results show that the average water fluoride ranges from 2-2.24 mg/L. The maximum fluoride concentration obtained in station 4 (3 mg/L) was recorded in April 2016. Based on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) maximum acceptable fluoride levels of 1.50 mg/l, the overall results show that the water quality status of the Cirarab River was heavily polluted. In some situations, there was a need for continuous monitoring and warning drinking water management resources to minimize the long term health effects on communities consuming, and also the policies that are necessary to achieve sustainable water quality.&#x0D; Keywords: fluoride, Cirarab Rivers, water quality

Adolescent health problems and strategies to improve them

Adolescent as any person between ages 10 and 19. It is a transitional stage of physical, physiological and psychological development from puberty to legal adulthood. The data about important adolescent’s health issues in different areas are limited. Hence detailed investigation and reports on adolescent’s health issues is the need of the hour. To achieve wholesome adolescent health, we need to have a multidimensional approach covering all the adolescent health problems with special emphasis on mental health, behavior change communication towards healthy lifestyle and positive social environment to acquire life skills. Availability of good quality care and healthcare workers trained to deal with adolescents is critical for delivering effective health interventions. Providing health care to adolescents presents a dual challenge: the treatment of immediate health problems, and the opportunity through health promotion and disease prevention, to influence health habits, lifestyle choices, and health status in adulthood because health behaviors originating in adolescence may well have long term health consequences.

Quality improvement project in primary care to improve management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency

Quality improvement project in primary care to improve management of women with premature ovarian insufficiency

Diabetes Mellitus and quality of life: lower socio-economic status patients in Indian tertiary healthcare – a cross sectional study

Background: Diabetes mellitus has emerged as one of the most severe diseases in regards to impact on lifestyle. It behaves as a syndrome rather than a single illness owing to its long term complications. Improving the quality of life (QoL) is the main goal to be achieved, thereby making it an essential factor to prognosticate the long term health consequences. Decreased QoL has been observed in patients with long standing diabetes mellitus and worsens when comorbidities add up to it. Routine activities in patients with diabetes is associated with massive physical and psychosocial implications that can lead to lack of self-care, thereby affecting glycaemic control, leading to early development of complications, and finally affecting quality of life. The goal of this study is to understand the relation between the domains of QoL among patients with diabetes mellitus belonging to lower socio-economic status of coastal India. Methods: A cross sectional study focused on individuals seeking services of our tertiary health facility. The study analyzed 100 samples over various domains of QoL. The BG Prasad scale for socio-economic status and the MDQoL-17 questionnaire was used. SPSS version 25.0 was utilized for data analysis. Descriptive statistics namely standard deviation, mean and proportions were used for expressing the outcomes. Results: Data from 100 participants was evaluated of which 63% were males. The mean ages were between 57.2±1.2 years with 31% belonged to ages between 51-60 years. Socio-economic category 4 was highest (52%). Majority of the participants had diabetes since 1-5 years (44%) and &gt;6.5 HbA1c was seen among 95%. A p-value of &lt;0.001 was observed with physical functioning, physical health, emotional wellbeing, emotional health, social functioning and general health that was suggestive of statistical significance. Conclusions: The study was able to correlate various determinants of overall QoL affected, necessitating a targeted approach.

Influences and Willingness to Receive Future COVID-19 Vaccination by Demographic Data and Proposed Interventions

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a rapidly growing problem in the global health community and has affected millions of people worldwide. The resulting COVID-19 disease poses a significant threat as it can lead to both short and long- term health consequences in all demographics. In order to contain this infectious disease and reduce the amount of harm it inflicts; vaccination has been the best recommended course of action in association with mask wearing and appropriately enforced social distancing measures. The increased speed of development for the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines relative to other vaccines and politicization of being immunized against COVID-19 in the United States of America serve as two points of potential divergency for demographics’ willingness to be immunized. The connections between demographic identifiers and immunization attitudes were evaluated using an online survey distributed to adults living in the United States. Representative data on demographics including age, education level, and political affiliation was collected as was the associated willingness to be immunized against COVID-19 and the annual influenza vaccine. The survey collected data on the factors that influence the participants’ attitudes towards immunization for both influenza and COVID-19. Upon analysis of the data, the relationship between political affiliation and willingness to be immunized for COVID-19 reported a chi-squared statistic of 10.8282 which resulted in a p-value of 0.001 &lt; 0.05. The relationship between political affiliation and willingness to be immunized against COVID-19 proved to be statistically significant in the test population. Upon further analysis of the relationship, self-identified Republicans are less likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Also concluded from the study in order of descending importance, people of all demographics decide to be immunized for both COVID-19 and influenza by reviewing primary scientific literature, considering physicians’ opinions, and reflecting on personal health status. However, in the groups with the lowest willingness to be immunized against COVID-19, the timeline of development was cited as the only deviating deciding factor from those listed above. Using this data, an intervention plan was proposed to increase vaccination participation in low-participating demographics in concurrence with the idea that increased vaccination rates offer a higher level of protection against the illness.

Dietary, Cooking, and Eating Pattern Outcomes from the Emory Healthy Kitchen Collaborative.

Context: Teaching kitchens are emerging innovative and engaging models for creating lifestyle behavior change. They are increasingly being utilized in workplace settings. Objective: The Emory Healthy Kitchen Collaborative (EHKC) year-long worksite wellness teaching kitchen program sought to improve self-reported health behaviors, including food choices, cooking skills, and mindful eating habits. Study Design and Analysis: This 12-month program included a 10-week didactic and experiential curriculum followed by continued support and access to health coaching. Participant t-tests were used to compare results at different time points. Setting: Emory worksite wellness program Population Studied: Forty benefits-eligible Emory employees aged 18-65, were recruited to participate in the EHKC. Preference was given to employees with elevated body mass index, co-morbid conditions, and high lifestyle change motivation levels. Intervention/Instrument and Outcome Measures: Self-assessment instruments were obtained at baseline, 3-months, 6-months and 12-months. This included the 8-item Starting the Conversation (STC) food frequency instrument, eight questions from a 17-item cooking frequency and confidence questionnaire, and a 28-item mindful eating questionnaire. Results: Between May 30 - June 30, 2019, 40 benefits-eligible Emory employees were enrolled in the EHKC. Dietary eating patterns improved significantly throughout the duration of the program year, as measured by the STC. The largest improvement in STC occurred from baseline to three months (mean: - 2.18, standard deviation: 2.35, p-value: p=0.002). Although cooking frequency and confidence trended towards improvement, there were no significant changes. The mindfulness eating questionnaire improved significantly at 3-months (0.27, 0.32, p<0.001), 6-months (0.23, 0.33, p<0.001), and 12 months (0.33, 0.28, p<0.001), as compared to baseline. Conclusion: The EHKC worksite wellness program provided valuable knowledge and insight into the use of a teaching kitchen as a unique health care delivery model. The program significantly improved participant dietary patterns and mindful eating habits; though did not significantly improve cooking confidence or frequency. Further research is needed to understand long term health consequences and disease risk reduction of the EHKC program.

Nutrition for diabetic patients (Update 2023)

All patients with diabetes require individual and personalized nutritional consultation with professionals. The patient's needs should be the primary focus of the dietary therapy, taking their lifestyle and the type of diabetes into consideration. With the recommendations to the patient's diet, there need to be specific metabolic goals to reduce the disease's progression and to avoid long term health effects. Therefore, practical guidelines such as portion size and meal planning tips should be the main focus.According to the latest national and international standards, patients suffering from diabetes should have access to nutrition consulting and nutritional training. During consultation they can be supported on- how to manage their health condition and choosing food and beverage to improve their health.These practical recommendations sum up the latest literature on nutritional aspects of diabetes treatment.

814 SLEEP DISORDERS AND DYSBIOSIS: CULPRITS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Abstract Introduction Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide, has become a mainstay in addressing this considerable global challenge. It has become clear that the gut microbiome plays a vital role in human metabolism, immunity, and reactions to diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Growing evidence suggests that sleep quality can be influenced by the Gut Microbiome (GM), since probiotic supplementation has been found to improve subjective sleep healthy. Disruption of sleep and sleep/wake functions has been associated with both short (increased stress responsivity or psychosocial issues) and long term health consequences, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that disturbance of circadian rhythm, which incorporates essential physiological and humoral functions in a 24-hour cycle, could be an understudied risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While impaired sleep quality is a significant contributor to circadian rhythm disturbance, the evidence regarding sleep interventions and their effect on cardiovascular events is lacking. We conduct a literature review to synthesize a body of evidence on the interaction between sleep and GM in order to achieve robust and broad conclusions and implications with the cardiovascular system. Methods We reviewed the literature on the relationship between sleep, gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease, from January 2017 up until August 2022. Results The human GM can influence health through a bidirectional communication channel linking the brain and gut, the Brain-Gut-Microbiome Axis (BGMA). Many authors have described several underlying factors that could be involved in sleep-disorder, such as the immune system, the vagus nerve (VN), the neuroendocrine system, and bacterial metabolites. Furthermore, several interventions targeting the GM have been proved to be beneficial for amelioration of sleep problems: gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) produced by the intestinal microbiota may influence the central nervous system through the VN and have an influence on sleep, as some studies reported Conclusions Sleep health may constitute a novel cardiovascular risk factor and target for preventive intervention. More research and well-designed studies are needed to better evaluate the role of the microbiome in the multi-directional relationship between sleep, diet and CVD. From our analysis GM provides a wide range of potential therapeutic targets. Challenges ahead include the development of therapeutic interventions that target reversing gut dysbiosis, at an early stage, combined with good sleep behavior, which may open new horizons to prevent cardiovascular disease.

Organ dose calculator for diagnostic nuclear medicine patients based on the ICRP reference voxel phantoms and biokinetic models

The exponential growth in the use of nuclear medicine procedures represents a general radiation safety concern and stresses the need to monitor exposure levels and radiation-related long term health effects in NM patients. In the current study, following our previous work on NCINM version 1 based on the UF/NCI hybrid phantom series, we calculated a comprehensive library of S values using the ICRP reference pediatric and adult voxel phantoms and established a library of biokinetic data from multiple ICRP Publications, which were then implemented into NCINM version 2. We calculated S values in two steps: calculation of specific absorbed fraction (SAF) using a Monte Carlo radiation transport code combined with the twelve ICRP pediatric and adult voxel phantoms for a number of combinations of source and target region pairs; derivation of S values from the SAFs using the ICRP nuclear decay data. We also adjusted the biokinetic data of 105 radiopharmaceuticals from multiple ICRP publications to match the anatomical description of the ICRP voxel phantoms. Finally, we integrated the ICRP phantom-based S values and adjusted biokinetic data into NCINM version 2. The ratios of cross-fire SAFs from NCINM 2 to NCINM 1 for the adult phantoms varied widely from 0.26 to 5.94 (mean = 1.24, IQR = 0.77–1.55) whereas the ratios for the pediatric phantoms ranged from 0.64 to 1.47 (mean = 1.01, IQR = 0.98–1.03). The ratios of absorbed dose coefficients from NCINM 2 over those from ICRP publications widely varied from 0.43 (colon for 99mTc-ECD) to 2.57 (active marrow for 99mTc-MAG3). NCINM 2.0 should be useful for dosimetrists and medical physicists to more accurately estimate organ doses for various nuclear medicine procedures.

Perlindungan Konsumen Atas Peredaran Hand Sanitizer Palsu Yang Tidak Berstandar Kesehatan Di Masa Pendemi Covid-19

Introduction: Selling health products without a permit that does not meet standards is of course our right as consumers.Purposes of the Research: To know and understand the supervision of the PERMENKES on the circulation of fake Hand Sanitizers that do not have health standards during the covid-19 pandemic. To examine the protection of consumers for the circulation of fake Hand Sanitizers that do not have health standards during the covid-19 pandemic Methods of the Research: The method used is a normative juridical research method using a case approach, a statutory approach and a conceptual approach.Results of the Research: The results obtained from the current research are that consumer protection in fulfilling needs should be obtained by every consumer for health products circulating in the market. However, as time goes by, consumers often get worrisome consequences in terms of health as a result of producers taking shortcuts in order to get as much profit as possible but not matched by the quality improvement provided to consumers. The regulation of the minister of health has a role to maintain the stability of public trust in supervising circulating products, but in reality consumers do not get attention to the circulation of fake hand sanitizers that do not have health standards.

Predicting cumulative lead (Pb) exposure using the Super Learner algorithm

Predicting cumulative lead (Pb) exposure using the Super Learner algorithm