Health Assets Research Articles

OpenBIM-based assessment for social cost of carbon through building life cycle

Buildings produce many carbon emissions in their life cycle, which leads to global warming, human disease, ecosystem destruction, and food shortages. These harms are translated and revealed into the social cost of carbon (SCC), but assessing the building SCC considering protection objects is still difficult due to the lack of adequate and rapid tools. Therefore, this paper proposes a method based on OpenBIM to calculate the SCC through the building life cycle. This method reflects the cause-effect chains of carbon emissions on human health, ecosystem quality, and social assets under LIME, EPS, and ReCiPe approaches. An original tool, NMBIM, is developed based on this proposed method, which calculates the SCC of a case building by directly importing industry foundation classes (IFC) files. The case results show that the maximum life cycle SCC reaches 5872.4 RMB/m2, which exceeds the construction cost. Although SCC results obtained by different LCIA models vary widely, the ones of human health are the most concerned protection objects. This paper provides an effective method for standardly storing and optimizing SCC at the project design stage, which contributes to construction industry planning, construction company decision-making, and public regulation.

Use of community resources as health assets for rehabilitation of people with Long COVID in northeastern Spain two years after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic: qualitative study

IntroductionThe epidemiology of Post COVID Condition is not yet known. There are different treatment options, but they are not recommended or suitable for all those affected. For this reason and due to the lack of health treatment, many of these patients have tried to carry out their own rehabilitation through the use of community resources.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to deepen into the understanding about the use of community resources as assets for health and rehabilitation by people with Long COVID and their utility.MethodologyA qualitative design was carried out with the participation of 35 Long COVID patients, of which 17 subjects were interviewed individually and 18 of them were part of two focus groups. The participating patients were recruited in November and December 2021 from the Primary Health Care centers and through the Association of Long COVID patients of Aragon. The research topics were the use of community resources, before and after their infection by COVID-19, rehabilitation through their use, as well as barriers and strengths for their employment. All analyses were performed iteratively using NVivo software.ResultsLong COVID patients who have used community resources for rehabilitation have seen an improvement in their physical and mental health. Most of them, specifically those affected, have used green spaces, public facilities, physical or cultural activities and associations. The main barriers identified have been the symptoms themselves and the fear of reinfection, with the main advantage of these activities being the perceived health benefits.ConclusionThe use of community resources seems to be beneficial in the recovery process of Long COVID patients, so it is necessary to continue delving into this topic and promote the formal use of the Recommendation of Health Assets from Primary healthcare.

Cross domain matching for semantic point cloud segmentation based on image segmentation and geometric reasoning

Many infrastructure assets in transportation such as roads and bridges represent challenges for inspection and maintenance due to advanced age, structural deficiencies and modifications. Concepts such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) aim to alleviate the problem of health monitoring and asset management by providing digital building models constructed from survey data to all stakeholders. Ageing and oftentimes poorly-documented infrastructure objects such as bridges in particular benefit from a continuous integration of changes to form a digital twin which reflects the asset’s as-is state. However, the process of reconstructing geometric–semantic models from survey data is a manual and labour-intensive process and makes continuously updating the models a difficult task. To automate this process, a cross-domain approach using an artificial neural network is presented which performs semantic segmentation in the image domain and transfers the results over to the point cloud. For the following fine segmentation, geometric knowledge in the 3D domain is used for post-processing and filtering via geometric reasoning. Using this method, a 3D semantic segmentation is achieved which does not require any 3D point cloud training data and only a low amount of image training data.

Cancro da Mama associado ao Trabalho

Introduction/framework/objectives There are work circumstances that can increase the oncological risk and Breast Cancer is no exception to this situation. However, knowledge on this subject is not particularly abundant among workers and/or Occupational Health and Safety teams professionals. This review was intended to mitigate this issue. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in January 2022 in the databases: “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content Night shifts are chronodisruptive, probably due to decreased melatonin production. Other researchers add that night work and/or nocturnal exposure to light disturbs the circadian rhythm and hormone secretion (with emphasis also on prolactin, glucocorticoids, adrenocorticotropic hormone, corticoliberin and serotonin). However, there is no consensus that night shifts imply lower levels of prolactin secretion and that this is associated with Breast Cancer. Some studies may be biased due to having studied night shifts versus exposure to light during these shifts (the latter being the situation that presents evidence of moderately increasing the risk of this Cancer). In addition, more recent investigations consider more possibly biasing variables. It is believed that nocturnal exposure to light implies changes in the production of melatonin and vitamin D. However, others consider that these data are not supported by robust scientific evidence or free of controversy, even due to the difference between the different types of night shifts. In 2007, the IARC published some data on this possible relationship- namely that night shifts were probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A), and/or that there was evidence of an association between oncological processes and night shifts, probably for Breast Cancer in particular, based on sufficient evidence in animals and limited evidence in humans. Discussion and Conclusions Most of the bibliography on the subject emphasizes night shifts and/or exposure to light during them as a work etiology, although without full consensus between causality and/or pathophysiology. Pesticides, solvents and products included in kitchen fumes (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic amines) are also mentioned. It would be an asset for some Occupational Health and Safety professionals, with adequate logistical capacity, to investigate the area, subsequently disclosing the conclusions covered. Keywords: breast cancer, occupational health, occupational medicine and occupational safety.

Balancing Quality, Intensity and Scalability: Results of a Multi-level Sexual and Reproductive Health Intervention for Very Young Adolescents in Kinshasa

PurposeIn addition to the rapid physical and cognitive transformations very young adolescents (VYAs) experience between ages 10–14, gender and social norms internalized during this period have long-term implications as adolescents become sexually active. This age presents critical opportunities for early intervention to promote gender-equitable attitudes and norms for improved adolescent health. MethodsIn Kinshasa, DRC, Growing Up GREAT! implemented a scalable approach to engage in- and out-of-school VYAs, caregivers, schools, and communities. A quasi-experimental study evaluated the outcomes of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge, assets and agency, and gender-equitable attitudes and behaviors among VYA participants. Ongoing monitoring and qualitative studies provided insights into implementation challenges and contextual factors. ResultsResults show significant improvement in SRH knowledge and assets such as caregiver connectedness, communication, and body satisfaction among the intervention group. The intervention was also associated with significant improvements in gender-equitable attitudes related to adolescents' household responsibilities and decreased teasing and bullying. Intervention effects on awareness of SRH services, body satisfaction, chore-sharing, and bullying were stronger for out-of-school and younger VYAs, suggesting the intervention's potential to increase positive outcomes among vulnerable adolescents. The intervention did not shift key gender norm perceptions assessed. Implementation research suggests design decisions made to increase the intervention's scalability necessitated reductions in training and program dosing that may have affected results. DiscussionResults affirm the potential of early intervention to increase SRH knowledge, assets and gender-equitable behaviors. They also highlight the need for more evidence on effective program approaches and segmentation for shifting VYA and SRH norms.

Efficacy of physical exercise advice to ischemic heart disease patients in the maintenance of physical exercise during phase III cardiac rehabilitation program. A cluster randomised controlled trial

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Col·legi de Fisioterapeutes de Catalunya [R02/2018] Health Department of Generalitat de Catalunya. Instrumental action of intensification of nursing professionals (SLT017/20/000098). Introduction Benefits of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in the prognosis of patients with ischemic heart disease have been demonstrated with a class I level A recommendation. Despite this, its implementation is still very scarce in any of its three phases. Purpose To assess the efficacy of a phase III CR program (CRP), based on counselling in the maintenance of physical exercise, in the time of physical exercise per week in patients with ischemic heart disease who have completed a phase II of the CRP supervised physical exercise program. Methods We conducted an open, controlled, cluster randomised trial. Eligible patients were diagnosed with acute or chronic coronary syndrome, had completed the phase II of CRP supervised physical exercise program, without cognitive deficit, Barthel index >60 and had provided signed informed consent. Patients allocated to control group (CG) received standard visits at their primary healthcare center. Patients allocated to intervention group (IG), carried out phase III of CRP with the CR reference team (a doctor and a nurse from primary healthcare center trained in CR by a hospital CRP team) by visits at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. During these visits, physical exercise advices were given and the information on the practice of physical exercise was reinforced. The patient's interests and the available resources for the practice of exercise were considered. Patients were provided with information on the health assets available in their area. Likewise, adherence to treatment and control of cardiovascular risk factors were reinforced. The follow-up period was 12 months. The main outcome was the minutes of physical exercise per week. Results Fourteen primary healthcare centers were randomized, 7 in the CG and 7 in the IG. Fifty-four patients from the CG [85% men; 59 years (SD 3)] and 45 from the IG [87% men; 60 years (SD 10)] were analyzed. Fifty percent of the CG and 35.6% of the IG were at moderate-high risk(p=0.149). At the end of phase II, 72.2% and 88.9% (p=0.04) of CG and IG patients respectively practiced ≥150 minutes of moderate activity and/or ≥75 minutes of vigorous activity. At 12 months of follow-up, 58.5% of CG patients and 80.0% of IG patients (p=0.02) reached the recommended levels of physical activity. Related to strengthening activities, CG practiced 9.1 minutes/week (SD 25.6) versus 27.8 (SD 43.2) in the IG (p= 0.001). Related to flexibility activities, CG practiced 15.4 minutes/week (SD 26.3) versus 24.5 (SD 29.2) in the IG (p= 0.049). Conclusions Despite observing an expected decrease in the practice of physical exercise over time, at 12 months of follow-up, a higher percentage of patients in the IG performed the recommended levels of physical exercise. Similarly, the IG spent more minutes performing strengthening and flexibility activities compared to the control group.

Social integration and risk of mortality among African-Americans: the Jackson heart study

ObjectiveEvidence suggests that greater social integration is related to lower mortality rates. However, studies among African-Americans are limited. We examined whether higher social integration was associated with lower mortality in 5306 African-Americans from the Jackson Heart Study, who completed the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index in 2000–2004 and were followed until 2018.MethodsWe estimated hazard ratios (HR) of mortality by categories of the Social Network Index (i.e., high social isolation, moderate social isolation [reference group], moderate social integration, high social integration) using Cox proportional hazard models. Covariates included baseline sociodemographics, depressive symptoms, health conditions, and health behaviors.ResultsCompared with moderate isolation, moderate integration was associated with an 11% lower mortality rate (HR = 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.77, 1.03), and high integration was associated with a 25% lower mortality rate (HR = 0.75, 95% CI 0.64, 0.87), controlling for sociodemographics and depressive symptoms; compared with moderate isolation, high isolation was related to a 34% higher mortality rate (HR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.00, 1.79). Further adjustment of potential mediators (health conditions and health behaviors) only slightly attenuated HRs (e.g., HRmoderate integration = 0.90, 95% CI 0.78, 1.05; HRhigh integration = 0.77, 95% CI 0.66, 0.89).ConclusionSocial integration may be a psychosocial health asset with future work needed to identify biobehavioral processes underlying observed associations with mortality among African-Americans.

Perception of Internet Use in Relation to Health Decision-Making among Nursing Students.

Internet use has increased worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, to the point where it has inadvertently integrated into our lives. University students use the Internet daily for different purposes: seeking information, entertaining, as a teaching and learning tool, they consider social networks as a means of connection and social interaction, and to seek information to make health decisions. Because of this, the Internet and social networks have gained popularity among this group, to the point of developing an abusive use that is not perceived as an addictive risk. A descriptive analysis was performed through the adaptation of a survey about Internet use, social networks and health perception; this survey was given to nursing students of the Gimbernat School during the academic year 2021-2022. Students completed the ad hoc questionnaire (N = 486; 83.5% female, 16.3% male; only 1 declared to be non-binary gender). Our hypothesis had to do with whether the population of nursing students at Gimbernat School had increased, after the pandemic, its use of the Internet and social networks to make decisions about health problems. The objective of the study was to analyse differences in students' habits of use of the Internet and social networks as they look for health information, their decision-making when they find the information and their perception of health as nursing students from a gender perspective. The results showed a clear positive relationship between the variables studied. Of nursing students, 60.4% spend between 20 and more than 40 h a week using the Internet, and 43.6% of these hours are spent on social networks. Of students, 31.1% make health decisions by searching for information on the Internet and consider it useful and relevant. The use of the Internet and social media in relation to health decisions is clearly affected. To try to reduce the incidence of the problem, interventions are needed regarding the prevention and/or consequences of Internet abuse and health education of student nurses as future health assets.

164 Characterizing Aging-Related Health in Women who have Criminal-Legal System Involvement (CHARMS)

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To build a multi-function health profile for older adult (>50 years) women with a history of incarceration; explore group differences by age [45-54, 55-64, 65+], race, and length of incarceration; compare with age-matched control with no history of incarceration; and identify relative contribution of life course risk and asset factors. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We will analyze data from the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS) (UMichigan Institute of Social Research). The sample: women >50 years who took the leave-behind psychosocial questionnaire. The sample includes women with history of incarceration (n = 118; 2.93%) and (n = 115; 2.55%), respectively, and in the control n = 4,021 women (2012) and n = 4,114 women (2014). We will use descriptive statistics to profile physical, functional, cognitive, and social health; bivariable tests to compare groups on age-related morbidity, multimorbidity, frailty, and 4-year mortality risk; measure within group differences by age strata and race; estimate GLMs for effects of life course risk on dependent variables in and between groups; and if data permit, test direct mediation by life course risks and indirect by life course assets. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Our results will characterize health in 4 health domains of women over 50 who have a history of incarceration. In bivariable analysis, we expect significant differences between groups on the dependent variables. Based on previous study using this data set, life course and accumulated stress theory, and our own previous research, we hypothesize that women with incarceration history will have more and earlier cardiovascular disease, stroke, and multimorbidity, higher 4-year mortality risk, and more and earlier cognitive impairment. We anticipate significant contributors to aging-related health outcomes to include childhood challenge and trauma history and, for Black women, perceived racial discrimination. We anticipate education and social support will partially mediate relationships. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The CHARMS findings, based on large-sample, representative, longitudinal HRS survey data, will contribute a profile of multi-function health status, risk, and assets in older women with CLS involvement. The much-needed characterization of aging in the group will set the stage for future interventional study to guide shifts in clinical practice.

Organizational trust, usability, and inclusivity are key implementation facilitators for a proposed assets-based mobile health intervention.

Assets-based interventions can address child health disparities by connecting families to existing community resources. Community collaboration when designing interventions may identify barriers and facilitators to implementation. The objective of this study was to identify crucial implementation considerations during the design phase of an asset-based intervention to address disparities in childhood obesity, Assets for Health. We conducted focus groups and semi-structured interviews with caregivers of children (<18 years) (N = 17) and representatives of community-based organizations (CBOs) which serve children and families (N = 20). Focus group and interview guides were developed based on constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Data were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis and matrices were used to identify common themes within and across groups of community members. Desired intervention characteristics included an easy-to-use list of community programs that could be filtered based on caregiver preferences and local community health workers to promote trust and engagement among Black and Hispanic/Latino families. Most community members felt an intervention with these characteristics could be advantageous versus existing alternatives. Key outer setting characteristics which were barriers to family engagement included families' financial insecurity and lack of access to transportation. The CBO implementation climate was supportive but there was concern that the intervention could increase staff workload beyond current capacity. Assessment of implementation determinants during the intervention design phase revealed important considerations for intervention development. Effective implementation of Assets for Health may depend on app design and usability, fostering organizational trust and minimizing the costs and staff workload of caregivers and CBOs, respectively.

Effectiveness of interventions to reduce child marriage and teen pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review of quantitative evidence.

Child marriage and teen pregnancy have negative health, social and development consequences. Highest rates of child marriage occur in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and 40% of women in Western and Central Africa got married before the age of 18. This systematic review was aimed to fill a gap in evidence of effectiveness to reduce teen pregnancy and child marriage in SSA. We considered studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa that reported on the effect of interventions on child marriage and teen pregnancy among adolescent girls for inclusion. We searched major databses and grey literature sources. We included 30 articles in this review. We categorized the interventions reported in the review into five general categories: (a) Interventions aimed to build educational assets, (b) Interventions aimed to build life skills and health assets, (c) Wealth building interventions, and (d) Community dialogue. Only few interventions were consistently effective across the studies included in the review. The provision of scholarship and systematically implemented community dialogues are consistently effective across settings. Program designers aiming to empower adolescent girls should address environmental factors, including financial barriers and community norms. Future researchers should consider designing rigorous effectiveness and cost effectiveness studies to ensure sustainability. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022327397.

Psychosocial resources predict frequent pain differently for men and women: A prospective cohort study.

Psychosocial resources, psychological and social factors like self-efficacy and social support have been suggested as important assets for individuals with chronic pain, but the importance of psychosocial resources for the development of pain is sparsely examined, especially sex and gender differences. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between psychosocial resources and sex on the development of frequent pain in a general population sample, and to deepen the knowledge about sex and gender patterns. A sample from the Swedish Health Assets Project, a longitudinal cohort study, included self-reported data from 2263 participants, 53% women, with no frequent pain at baseline. The outcome variable was frequent pain at 18-months follow-up. Psychosocial resources studied were general self-efficacy, instrumental and emotional social support. Log binomial regressions in a generalised linear model were used to calculate risk ratios (RRs), comparing all combinations of men with high psychosocial resources, men with low psychosocial resources, women with high psychosocial resources and women with low psychosocial resources. Women with low psychosocial resources had higher risk of frequent pain at follow-up compared to men with high resources: general self-efficacy RR 1.82, instrumental social support RR 2.33 and emotional social support RR 1.94. Instrumental social support was the most important protective resource for women, emotional social support was the most important one for men. Results were discussed in terms of gender norms. The psychosocial resources general self-efficacy, instrumental and emotional support predicted the risk of developing frequent pain differently among and between men and women in a general population sample. The results showed the importance of studying sex and gender differences in psychological and not least social predictors for pain.

Common health assets protocol: a mixed-methods, realist evaluation and economic appraisal of how community-led organisations (CLOs) impact on the health and well-being of people living in deprived areas

IntroductionThis research investigates how community-led organisations’ (CLOs’) use of assets-based approaches improves health and well-being, and how that might be different in different contexts. Assets-based approaches involve ‘doing with’ rather...

Adolescents with chronic conditions: Engagement with children's mental health systems during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The Covid-19 pandemic contributed to adverse adolescent mental health outcomes globally. Adolescents with chronic conditions have four times the odds of self-harm than peers. Little evidence exists to guide pediatric nurses on how to engage this vulnerable population with mental health support as the pandemic continues. In adults with chronic conditions, positive health assets (health access literacy, health self-efficacy, and emotional well-being) are directly related to improved patient engagement. The objective of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of engagement with mental health supports in adolescents with chronic conditions to inform practice. Using mixed methods, we surveyed and interviewed adolescents with chronic conditions aged 10-20 years. Random sampling was applied to avoid bias. Valid and reliable scales were used to measure health access literacy, health self-efficacy, and emotional well-being. Textual data were collected using a semistructured interview guide. Integrated data analysis was conducted using structural equation models and interpretive phenomenology. One hundred fifty-four participants provided numerical data and 17 participants provided textual data (mean age 15.5 years; 56% female, 5.8% agender; 56% White; 16.9% Black or African American, 4.5% Asian; 51.9% Hispanic or Latinx; 23.4% LGBTQ+). The structural model was an acceptable fit for the data (comparative fit index[CFI] = 0.97, Tucker-Lewis index[TLI] = 0.95). Participants reported higher levels of health access literacy (M = 3.88, SD = 0.848) than health self-efficacy (M = 2.98, SD = 0.646), and engagement (M = 1.78, SD = 1.71). Health access literacy predicted emotional well-being (β = .33, p < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] [.20, .50]) and health self-efficacy (β = .52, p < .001, 95% CI [0.42, .062]). Emotional well-being positively predicted health self-efficacy (β = .21, p < .003, 90% CI [0.10, 0.033]). Health self-efficacy predicted engagement (β = .20, p < .01, 90% CI [0.07, 0.034]). Participants reported not engaging until "it was really, really bad" citing fear, stigma, and lack of connectedness with providers as barriers. Regardless of health access literacy and health self-efficacy, adolescents with chronic conditions may not engage until crisis levels. Pediatric nurses can aim to engage with this vulnerable population proactively.

СУЧАСНА МОДЕЛЬ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОГО МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ЛІСОПРОМИСЛОВОГО КОМПЛЕКСУ УКРАЇНИ

The article examines the state of investment in the forestry and forestry complex of Ukraine. The priority of the forestry industry as an implementer of economic-social, recreational and natural-strategic development is highlighted. Dialectical, institutional, structural-functional, historical, comparative, sociological and other methods were used in the research process. The legal and legal nature of investment activity in Ukraine and aspects of its adaptation in Ukraine are conceptualized in accordance with the profile Law of Ukraine "On Investment Activity" No. 1560-XII dated September 18, 1991 (edited October 10, 2022). A study of the domestic investment market of the forestry sector of Ukraine, its conjuncture, was carried out. The priorities of domestic and foreign investment in Ukraine in the forestry sector in modern conditions are defined. The provisions of the Forest Code of Ukraine No. 3852-XII dated 01.21.1994 (ed. dated 07.10.2022) have been specified on the subject of a hypothetical doctrinal and normative implementation of the facts of a favorable investment climate in the forestry industry. Adapted to the theory of investment in relation to the forestry of Ukraine. As a result, the following appropriations were specified: the forestry sector of Ukraine as an object of real investments; assessment of the forestry sector of Ukraine as an object of real investment; financial investments in the domestic forestry sector: features and forms of implementation, etc. As a derivation from this theory, the economic essence of the innovative forestry process has been specified, the place of forestry innovations in the formation of an attractive investment climate has been reconsolidated. In order to fully review the prospects of investment management of the forestry industry in Ukraine, the general provisions of the EU doctrine on investment (the "Innovative financing and investment" projection) and specific approaches to investing in the forestry sector (the concept of "Private investment in the forest sector: opportunities and limitations") were studied. The author's forecasts of the effective deliberation of these principles in the legal field of Ukraine were carried out. The place of the forestry sector of Ukraine in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine as a tool for filling local and state budgets, a recreational and health asset, and a source of national eco-development profiling (to the issue of European integration and Ukraine's fulfillment of the provisions (conditions) of Section V of Chapter 6 (Articles 360-366) of the Agreement on association with the EU) as a mandatory factor of domestic European progress. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the theoretical and methodological provisions and conclusions presented in the work are the basis for solving practical issues of improving the modern model of investment management of the forestry complex of Ukraine.

A new approach to digital health? Virtual COVID-19 care: A scoping review.

The use of virtual care enabled by digital technologies has increased, prompted by public health restrictions in response to COVID-19. Non-hospitalized persons in the acute phase of COVID-19 illness may have unique health needs while self-isolating in the community. This scoping review aimed to explore the nature of care, the use of digital technologies, and patient outcomes arising from virtual care among community-based self-isolating COVID-19 patients. Literature searches for peer-reviewed articles were conducted in four bibliographic databases: CINAHL, Medline, Embase and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews between January and February 2022, followed by hand-searching reference lists of included articles. Two levels of screening using defined eligibility criteria among two independent reviewers were completed. Of the 773 articles retrieved, 19 were included. Results indicate that virtual care can be safe while enabling timely detection of clinical deterioration to improve the illness trajectory. COVID-19 virtual care was delivered by single health professionals or by multidisciplinary teams using a range of low-technology methods such as telephone to higher technology methods like wearable technology that transmitted physiological data to the care teams for real-time or asynchronous monitoring. The review described the varied nature of virtual care including its design, implementation, and evaluation. Further research is needed for continued exploration on how to leverage digital health assets for the delivery of appropriate and safe virtual COVID-19 community care, which can support patient recovery, control transmission, and prevent intensifying the burden on the health care system, especially during surges.

Estrategia de promoción de relaciones equitativas y saludables en centros educativos de Barcelona

The educational system is one of the most powerful agents of socialization; it can contribute to perpetuate the gender system and tolerance towards violence or on the contrary, to reduce violence by promoting more equitable and healthy relationship models. The Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona set out to design a strategy to prevent violence by promoting equitable and healthy relationships at different educational levels in schools in the city of Barcelona. The objective of this article is to present the process of developing this strategy. They characteristics are: (1) use of a participatory approach to ensure the quality and coherence of the process; (2) creation of a theoretical framework for the strategy; (3) use of the intervention mapping methodology as a strategy for the diagnosis, planning, design, development and evaluation of interventions to promote equitable and healthy relationships; and (4) adaptation or design and evaluation of different programs to incorporate different educational stages. It is argued that the strategy designed is considered adequate because it plans interventions to promote equitable and healthy relationships framed within a global educational strategy that starts in the early stages of early childhood education and is continued in all compulsory educational stages. This strategy is based on a conceptual framework that takes into account the determinants and social inequalities in health and promotes an approach based on the promotion of health assets and the use of participatory methodologies.

General self-efficacy and social support in men and women with pain – irregular sex patterns of cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in a general population sample

BackgroundThe study of sex and gender patterns in psychosocial resources is a growing field of interest in pain research with importance for pain rehabilitation and prevention. The aims of this study were first, to estimate cross-sectional differences in psychosocial resources (general self-efficacy and social support) across men and women in a population with frequent musculoskeletal pain (pain in the back or neck/shoulder nearly every day or now and again during the week for the last 12 months) and to compare these differences with a population with no frequent pain. Second, to examine if psychosocial resources at baseline were associated with pain at follow-up among men and women in the frequent pain population.MethodsThis study was based on survey data from the Swedish Health Assets Project, including The General Self-Efficacy Scale and social support questions. Participants (n = 4010, 55% women) were divided into no frequent pain (n = 2855) and frequent pain (n = 1155). General self-efficacy and social support were analyzed (cross-sectional and longitudinal data) with linear and logistic regressions.ResultsMen, with and without frequent pain, had higher general self-efficacy than the corresponding groups in women. Women, with and without frequent pain, had stronger emotional social support than the corresponding groups in men. Men with no frequent pain had weaker instrumental social support than women with no frequent pain (OR = 0.64 (95% CI 0.47–0.87)), men with frequent pain did not (OR = 1.32 (95% CI 0.86–2.01)). In the frequent pain population, the interaction between sex and strong (compared to weak) emotional social support was statistically significant (p = 0.040) for no frequent pain at follow-up, with women having OR = 1.81 and men OR = 0.62. Among women, strong emotional social support was associated with no frequent pain at follow-up. Among men, strong emotional social support was associated with frequent pain at follow-up.ConclusionSome of the associations between general self-efficacy, social support and musculosceletal pain showed unexpected sex patterns. Gendered expectations might have relevance for some of the results.

Community Assets for Health Model and Assessment Scale: A Delphi-Based Analysis and Expert Validation.

The salutogenesis theory of Aaron Antonovsky and the Health Assets Model of Morgan and Ziglio have given rise to a notable interest in defining the resources available to individuals and the community to maintain or improve their health and well-being. The present study began by identifying the universal dimensions of Community Assets for Health, and then analyzed and validated an assessment scale following the Delphi method. A high degree of consensus was achieved among 13 experts from different disciplines. The results of the content analysis and statistical analysis led to a reconfiguring of an instrument that is so far unique in its approach. It is composed of 103 items across 14 dimensions (utility, intention, previous use, affordability, proximity, walkability, connectivity, intelligibility, identity, design, safety, diversity, public dimension, and sustainability).

Association of health asset value with subjective well-being, depression, health management strategy and habits in South Korea

This study aims to measure the monetary value of health asset based on the self-reported health status and rate of health asset value (HAV), and to evaluate its application to the subjective well-being and health competency of a representative sample of South Korea. From March to April 2021, 1000 participants were randomly sampled nationwide in South Korea and administered questionnaires including self-reported rate of health asset value and health status, the Subjective Well-Being Index (SWBI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Smart Management Strategy for Health Assessment Tool (SAT), and 11 health habits. In multiple stepwise logistic regression model adjusted for basic demographic variables (age, sex, region, monthly income level, and comorbidity), current HAV was independently associated positively with SWBI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.32; confidence interval [CI] 2.27–8.23) and negatively with PHQ-9 (aOR 0.68; 95% CI 0.51–0.90). Core (aOR 1.66; CI 1.25–2.19), Preparation (aOR 1.79; CI 1.24–2.59), and Implementation Strategy scores of SAT (aOR 1.79; CI 1.26–2.55) were independently associated positively with current HAV. All 11 health habits were independently associated positively with current HAV (aOR range from 1.80 to 3.19). The HAV approach offers a new monetary value of health that can be used in making individual or political decisions of improving health or reducing health inequity.