HDL Concentrations Research Articles

Serum lipids concentration on prognosis of high-grade glioma.

To investigate the effect of serum lipids concentration on the prognosis of high-grade glioma patients undergoing postoperative radiotherapy. Retrospective analysis of the patients with high-grade glioma who received postoperative Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy between 13 May 2013 and 12 September 2018 was performed. The patients were grouped according to the average values of serum total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL concentration in peripheral blood (before surgery, 6months after therapy). Cox proportional hazards model was performed to determine whether the total cholesterol concentration, LDL concentration, and HDL concentration in peripheral blood before therapy and their changes after therapy were factors influencing the prognosis. The results of COX regression analysis showed that the independent prognostic factors of high-grade glioma patients were pathological grade, the extent of resection, serum cholesterol concentration pre-surgery, and the change of LDL concentration from pre-surgery to post-therapy. The prognosis of patients with high serum total cholesterol concentration before therapy was worse than those of patients with low total cholesterol concentration. The 5-year survival rate and the median survival time of patients with high serum total cholesterol concentration before therapy were 4.9% and 23.6months, but the low cholesterol concentration group were 19.6% and 24.5months, respectively. Besides, the average serum LDL concentration in high-grade glioma patients gradually increased after therapy. The 5-year survival rate of patients and the median survival time with elevated LDL concentration after therapy is 11.8% and 20.4months, but the reduced LDL concentration group was 16.7% and 28.4months, respectively. The total cholesterol and LDL concentration increased significantly after therapy in Grade IV patients while Grade III patients did not. The cholesterol concentration before therapy and LDL concentration change from pre-surgery to post-therapy are the factors that affect the prognosis of high-grade glioma patients who have undergone postoperative radiotherapy. In the final analysis, the high serum cholesterol pre-surgery and the increased in serum LDL concentration from pre-surgery to post-therapy were associated with worse survival of patients.

Assessment of the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of fermented camel milk fortified with Cordia myxa and its biological effects against oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in rats.

Natural feed additives and their potential benefits in production of safe and highly nutritious food have gained the attention of many researchers the last decades. Cordia myxa is a nutrient-dense food with various health benefits. Despite this fact, very limited studied investigated the physicochemical and sensory impacts of incorporation of fermented camel milk with Cordia myxa and its biological effects. The current study aimed to assess the physical, chemical, and sensory characteristics of fermented camel milk (FCM) fortified with 5, 10, and 15% Cordia myxa pulp. The study demonstrated that fortification of camel milk efficiently enhanced protein, total solids, ash, fiber, phenolic substance, and antioxidant activity. When compared to other treatments, FCM supplemented with 10% Cordia myxa pulp had the best sensory features. In addition, FCM fortified with 10% Cordia myxa pulp was investigated as a potential inhibitor of hypercholesterolemia agents in obese rats. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were split into two main groups including normal pellet group (n = 8) served as negative control group (G1) and a group of hyperlipidemic animals (n = 24) were feed on a high-fat diet (HFD). Hyperlipidemic rats group (n = 24) were then divided into three subgroups (8 per each); second group or positive control (G2) which include hyperlipidemic rats received distilled water (1 mL/day), the third group (G3) involved hyperlipidemic rats feed on FCM (10 g/day) and the fourth group (G4) included hyperlipidemic animals feed on 10 g/day FCM fortified with 10% of Cordia myxa pulp by oral treatment via an intestinal tube for another 4 weeks. In contrast to the positive control group, G4 treated with Cordia myxa showed a substantial decrease in malondialdehyde, LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALT, creatinine, and urea levels, while a significant increase in HDL, albumin, and total protein concentrations. The number of large adipocytes decreased while the number of small adipocytes increased after consumption of fortified FCM. The results indicated that fermented milk fortified with Cordia myxa pulp improved the functions of the liver and kidney in hyperlipidemic rats. These results demonstrated the protective effects of camel milk and Cordia myxa pulp against hyperlipidemia in rats.

Dietary fat intakes, lipid profiles, adiposity, inflammation, and glucose in women and men in the Framingham Offspring Cohort.

Introduction: The role of dietary fat in the evolution of cardiometabolic disorders is highly controversial. As both dietary intake and the development of cardiometabolic risk differ by sex, we evaluated sex-specific differences in the associations between dietary fats (saturated and unsaturated) and four key cardiometabolic risk factors-lipid profiles, body fat, inflammation, and glucose regulation. Methods: We included 2391 women and men aged ≥30years in the prospective Framingham Offspring Cohort. Weight-adjusted dietary fats (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats, including omega-3 and omega-6) were derived from 3-day dietary records. Analysis of covariance was used to derive adjusted mean levels of all outcomes. Results: In both men and women, intakes of saturated and monounsaturated fats were inversely associated with TG:HDL ratio (p < 0.02 for both types of fat). In women, higher omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs were also inversely associated with TG:HDL (p < 0.05 for both), but for men, only omega-3 PUFAs were associated (p = 0.026). All types of dietary fat were beneficially associated with larger HDL particle sizes in both men and women, while only saturated and monounsaturated fats were associated with larger LDL particles in men. In addition, saturated and monounsaturated fats were associated with statistically significantly higher concentrations of HDL and lower concentrations of LDL and VLDL particles in both sexes, while polyunsaturated fat had favorable associations in women only. Saturated fat also had beneficial associations with three measures of body fat. For example, women with the highest (vs. lowest) saturated fat intake had a lower BMI (27.7 ± 0.25 vs. 26.2 ± 0.36kg/m2, p = 0.001); findings were similar in men (28.2 ± 0.25 vs. 27.1 ± 0.20, p = 0.002). Unsaturated fats had beneficial associations with body fat primarily in women. Finally, omega-3 PUFAs among women were inversely associated with interleukin-6 levels. There was no association between dietary fat intake and fasting glucose levels in either women or men. Discussion: In sum, we found no evidence of an adverse association between dietary fats and several surrogate markers of cardiometabolic health. This study suggests that different dietary fats may have divergent associations with cardiometabolic risk in women and men, perhaps owing to differences in food sources of the same dietary fats.

Low concentrations of medium-sized HDL particles predict incident CVD in chronic kidney disease patients

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for CVD. However, traditional CVD risk factors cannot completely explain the increased risk. Altered HDL proteome is linked with incident CVD in CKD patients, but it is unclear whether other HDL metrics are associated with incident CVD in this population. In the current study, we analyzed samples from two independent prospective case-control cohorts of CKD patients, the Clinical Phenotyping and Resource Biobank Core (CPROBE) and the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC). We measured HDL particle sizes and concentrations (HDL-P) by calibrated ion mobility analysis and HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) by cAMP-stimulated J774 macrophages in 92 subjects from the CPROBE cohort (46 CVD and 46 controls) and in 91 subjects from the CRIC cohort (34 CVD and 57 controls). We tested associations of HDL metrics with incident CVD using logistic regression analysis. No significant associations were found for HDL-C or HDL-CEC in either cohort. Total HDL-P was only negatively associated with incident CVD in the CRIC cohort in unadjusted analysis. Among the six sized HDL subspecies, only medium-sized HDL-P was significantly and negatively associated with incident CVD in both cohorts after adjusting for clinical confounders and lipid risk factors with odds ratios (per 1-SD) of 0.45 (0.22–0.93, P = 0.032) and 0.42 (0.20–0.87, P = 0.019) for CPROBE and CRIC cohorts, respectively. Our observations indicate that medium-sized HDL-P—but not other-sized HDL-P or total HDL-P, HDL-C, or HDL-CEC—may be a prognostic cardiovascular risk marker in CKD.

Ganoderma lingzhi culture enhance growth performance via improvement of antioxidant activity and gut probiotic proliferation in Sanhuang broilers.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Ganoderma lingzhi culture (GLC) as a fermented feed on growth performance, serum biochemical profile, meat quality, and intestinal morphology and microbiota in Sanhuang broilers. In addition, the association between gut bacteria and metabolites was investigated via untargeted metabolomic analysis. A total of 192 Sanhuang broilers (112 days old) with an initial body weight of 1.62 ± 0.19 kg were randomly allocated to four treatments, six replicate pens per treatment with 8 broilers per pen. The four treatments contain a control diet (corn-soybean meal basal diet, CON), a positive control diet (basal diet + 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline, PCON), and the experimental diets supplemented with 1.5 and 3% of GLC, respectively. The trial includes phase 1 (day 1-28) and phase 2 (day 29-56). The results showed that broilers in PCON and GLC-added treatments showed a lower FCR (P < 0.05) in phase 2 and overall period and a higher ADG (P < 0.05) in phase 2. On day 56, the concentrations of serum SOD (P < 0.05), and HDL (P < 0.05) and cecal SCFA contents (P < 0.05) were increased in broilers fed GLC diets. Broilers fed GLC also showed a higher microbiota diversity and an elevated abundance of SCFA-related bacteria in the caecum. The association between intestinal bacteria and metabolites was investigated via correlation analysis. The differential metabolites in the caecum, such as L-beta-aspartyl-L-aspartic acid and nicotinamide riboside, were identified. In summary, dietary GCL supplementation could increase growth performance to some extent. Moreover, GLC might benefit broilers' health by improving serum HDL content, antioxidant status, SCFAs contents, bacterial diversity, and probiotic proliferation in the caecum.

Fatty fish consumption reduces lipophilic index in erythrocyte membranes and serum phospholipids

Background and aimsLipophilic index (LI) has been introduced to assess the overall fatty acid lipophilicity and as a simple estimate of membrane fluidity. However, little is known on effect of diet on LI. We tested if Camelina sativa oil (CSO) high in ALA, fatty fish (FF) or lean fish (LF) affect LI as compared to control diet and, secondarily, if the LI is associated with HDL lipids and functionality and LDL lipidome. Methods and resultsWe used data from two randomized clinical trials. The AlfaFish intervention lasted 12 weeks and 79 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance were randomized to FF, LF, CSO or control group. In the Fish trial, 33 subjects with myocardial infarction or unstable ischemic heart attack were randomized to FF, LF or control group for 8 weeks. LI was calculated from erythrocyte membrane fatty acids in AlfaFish and from serum phospholipids in Fish trial. HDL lipids were measured using high-throughput proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. There was a significant decrease in LI in the FF group in the AlfaFish (fold change 0.98 ± 0.03) and in the Fish trial (0.95 ± 0.04) and the decrease differed from that of control group in both trials and from CSO group in the AlfaFish study. There were no significant changes in LI in LF or CSO groups. The mean diameter of HDL particles and concentration of large HDL particles were inversely associated with LI. ConclusionFF consumption decreased LI indicating better membrane fluidity in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or coronary heart disease.

Inverse Association of the Adequacy and Balance Scores in the Modified Healthy Eating Index with Type 2 Diabetes in Women.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has markedly increased among Asians as their diets and lifestyles become more westernized. We, therefore, investigated the hypothesis that the Korean healthy eating index (KHEI) scores are associated with gender-specific T2DM risk in adults. The hypothesis was tested using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-VI (2013-2017) with a complex sample survey design. Along with the KHEI scores, the modified KHEI (MKHEI) scores for the Korean- (KSD) and Western-style diets (WSD) were used as independent parameters, calculated using a validated semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). We estimated the association between the KHEI or MKHEI and the T2DM risk using logistic regression after adjusting for T2DM-related covariates. The adults with T2DM were more frequently older men who were less educated, married, on a lower income, and living in rural areas compared to those without T2DM. Not only the fasting serum glucose concentrations but also the waist circumferences and serum triglyceride concentrations were much higher in adults with T2DM than in those without T2DM in both genders. Serum HDL concentrations in the non-T2DM subjects exhibited a greater inverse relationship to serum glucose than in the T2DM group in both genders. Twenty-four-hour recall data revealed that women, but not men, had higher calcium, vitamin C, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, retinol, and vitamin B2 intakes than the T2DM group. Furthermore, overall, the KHEI score and the adequacy and balance scores among its components were significantly higher in the non-T2DM group than in the T2DM group, but only in women. The KHEI scores were inversely associated with T2DM only in women. The mixed grain intake score was higher in the non-T2DM than the T2DM group only in men. However, there were no differences between the groups in the MKHEI scores for KSD and WSD. In conclusion, high KHEI scores in the adequacy and balance components might prevent and/or delay T2DM risk, but only in women.

A Digestive Cartridge Reduces Parenteral Nutrition Dependence and Increases Bowel Growth in a Piglet Short Bowel Model.

To determine whether the use of an immobilized lipase cartridge (ILC) to hydrolyze fats in enteral nutrition (EN) reduces parenteral nutrition (PN) dependence in a porcine model of short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure (SBS-IF). SBS-IF occurs after intestinal loss resulting in malabsorption and PN dependence. Limited therapeutic options are available for achieving enteral autonomy. Eleven Yorkshire piglets underwent 75% jejunoileal resection and were randomized into control (n=6) and treatment (n = 5) groups. PN was initiated postoperatively and reduced as EN advanced if predefined clinical criteria were fulfilled. Animals were studied for 14 days and changes in PN/EN calories were assessed. Intestinal adaptation, absorption, and nutrition were evaluated at the end of the study (day 15). Comparisons between groups were performed using analysis of covariance adjusted for baseline. ILC animals demonstrated a 19% greater reduction in PN calories ( P < 0.0001) and higher mean EN advancement (66% vs 47% of total calories, P < 0.0001) during the 14-day experiment. Treatment animals had increased intestinal length (19.5 vs 0.7%, P =0.03) and 1.9-fold higher crypt cell proliferation ( P =0.02) compared with controls. By day 15, ILC treatment resulted in higher plasma concentrations of glucagon-like peptide-2 ( P = 0.02), eicosapentaenoic acid ( P < 0.0001), docosahexaenoic acid ( P = 0.004), vitamin A ( P = 0.02), low-density lipoprotein ( P = 0.02), and high-density lipoprotein ( P = 0.04). There were no differences in liver enzymes or total bilirubin between the two groups. ILC use in conjunction with enteral feeding reduced PN dependence, improved nutrient absorption, and increased bowel growth in a porcine SBS-IF model. These results support a potential role for the ILC in clinical SBS-IF.

Effect of avocado seed extract on lipid profile and atherogenic index in cyclosporine-treated rats

Hypertension is a global health issue because of its high prevalence and its association with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This work evaluated the anti-dyslipidemic potential of aqueous extract of avocado seed (APE) (50 – 100 mg/kg) in adult male wistar rats. Twenty-five rats were used for this work and divided into five groups of 5 rats each (n= 5). Group 1 (normal control), group 2 (cyclosporine alone), group 3 (cyclosporine + 5 mg of lisinopril), group 4 and 5 (cyclosporine + 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg b.wt of extract respectively). Treatments lasted for 7 days and the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Plasma samples from the rats were used for lipid profile analysis such as; total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high density lipoprotein. The results showed significant (p &lt; 0.05) increase in triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TCH), as well as significant (p &lt; 0.05) decrease in HDL and atherogenic index in cyclosporine only treated rats compared with the normal control group. However, treatment with aqueous extract of avocado seed (APE) caused a significant decrease in TG, LDL, and total cholesterol, with concomitant increase in HDL concentration and atherogenic index in a dose-dependent manner. The findings of this study suggest that avocado seed extract has anti-dyslipidemic potential which could be useful in the management of hypertension and other diseases arising from dyslipidemia.

Electrocardiogram Analysis of Wistar Rats Induced by Hyperlipidemia using Wireless Mice Electrocardiogram (Wim ECG) in Coronary Heart Disease Study

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a life-threatening disease caused by obstruction of the coronary arteries that interferes with blood flow known as atherosclerosis. Hyperlipidemia, a risk factor of atherosclerosis, is characterized by excessive concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides with low concentrations of HDL. A high-fat diet (HFD) contributes to the progression of atherosclerosis, CHD, and other cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to measure electrocardiography (ECG) waves of hyperlipidemia-induced rats. Twenty rats were fed different diets for eight weeks, i.e., the control group (normal diet) and the HFD group (high-fat diet). Their ECG was recorded using a Wireless Mice Electrocardiogram (WIM ECG) for 5-10 min. After eight weeks, the HFD group showed a significantly higher lipid profile concentration (cholesterol: 179.03 mg/dL, triglyceride: 149.11 mg/dL, LDL: 123 mg/dL, HDL: 29.15 mg/dL) than the control. This hyperlipidemic condition causes a significant change in some characteristics of the ECG wave. At week 8, the characteristic ECG wave duration for the HFD groups was RR intervals (176.5 ms), QT intervals (123.5 ms), T waves (33.6 ms), P wave (27.4 ms), QRS interval (64.9 ms), ST-segment (23.7 ms), and heart rate (334 bpm). This study concludes that long-period HFD feeding in rats leads to hyperlipidemia and causes changes in the characteristics of ECG waves.

Effects of inoculation with active microorganisms derived from adult goats on growth performance, gut microbiota and serum metabolome in newborn lambs.

This study evaluated the effects of inoculation with adult goat ruminal fluid on growth, health, gut microbiota and serum metabolism in lambs during the first 15 days of life. Twenty four Youzhou dark newborn lambs were selected and randomly distributed across 3 treatments (n = 8/group): autoclaved goat milk inoculated with 20 mL sterilized normal saline (CON), autoclaved goat milk inoculated with 20 mL fresh ruminal fluid (RF) and autoclaved goat milk inoculated with 20 mL autoclaved ruminal fluid (ARF). Results showed that RF inoculation was more effective at promoting recovery of body weight. Compared with CON, greater serum concentrations of ALP, CHOL, HDL and LAC in the RF group suggested a better health status in lambs. The relative abundance of Akkermansia and Escherichia-Shigella in gut was lower in the RF group, whereas the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group tended to increase. Metabolomics analysis shown that RF stimulated the metabolism of bile acids, small peptides, fatty acids and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide, which were found the correlation relationship with gut microorganisms. Overall, our study demonstrated that ruminal fluid inoculation with active microorganisms had a beneficial impact on growth, health and overall metabolism partly through modulating the gut microbial community.

Lipoprotein subfraction patterns throughout gestation in The Gambia: changes in subfraction composition and their relationships with infant birth weights

BackgroundLipoprotein subfraction concentrations have been shown to change as gestation progresses in resource-rich settings. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the impact of pregnancy on different-sized lipoprotein particle concentrations and compositions in a resource-poor setting.MethodSamples were collected from pregnant women in rural Gambia at enrollment (8–20 weeks), 20 weeks, and 30 weeks of gestation. Concentrations of different-sized high-density, low-density, and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles (HDL, LDL, and TRL, respectively) were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance in 126 pooled plasma samples from a subset of women. HDL was isolated and the HDL proteome evaluated using mass spectroscopy. Subfraction concentrations from women in The Gambia were also compared to concentrations in women in the U.S. in mid gestation.ResultsTotal lipoprotein particles and all-sized TRL, LDL, and HDL particle concentrations increased during gestation, with the exception of medium-sized LDL and HDL particles which decreased. Subfraction concentrations were not associated with infant birth weights, though relationships were found between some lipoprotein subfraction concentrations in women with normal versus low birth weight infants (< 2500 kg). HDL’s proteome also changed during gestation, showing enrichment in proteins associated with metal ion binding, hemostasis, lipid metabolism, protease inhibitors, proteolysis, and complement activation. Compared to women in the U.S., Gambian women had lower large- and small-sized LDL and HDL concentrations, but similar medium-sized LDL and HDL concentrations.ConclusionsMost lipoprotein subfraction concentrations increase throughout pregnancy in Gambian women and are lower in Gambian vs U.S. women, the exception being medium-sized LDL and HDL particle concentrations which decrease during gestation and are similar in both cohorts of women. The proteomes of HDL also change in ways to support gestation. These changes warrant further study to determine how a lack of change or different changes could impact negative pregnancy outcomes.

Sub-group analysis of inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6 in association with lipid profiles of coronary artery disease patients

IntroductionAlthough possible effects of lipid parameters, and several important genetic factors, and cytokines on the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) have been demonstrated, there is still debate about how the lipid profile affects the sub-group of patients in a specific population. This study aimed to evaluate age- and gender-based effect of lipid profile in correlation with their IL-1 and IL-6 cytokine levels in South Indian population. MethodsAngiographically confirmed 150 CAD patients' with or without hypertension and 150 healthy control individuals of both the genders between 18 and 70 years of age were enrolled. Quantitative estimation of IL-1 and IL-6 protein in each serum sample was evaluated using ELISA. The plasma concentrations of cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL and triglycerides were determined using different biochemical tests. Correlation was established between cytokines and lipid profile of patients in different sub-groups using Pearson's linear regression analysis. ResultsSub-group analysis showed VLDL and triglyceride levels as significant risk factors for CAD, especially in women patients. Older men (>40 years) and younger women (<40 years) reported with the highest negative correlation of IL-1 with lipid parameters, while older women showed strong positive correlation. Both younger and older men (<40 years) showed the strongest negative correlation of IL-6 with lipid parameters. Younger women showed the strongest negative correlation, while older women had the strongest positive correlation of IL-6 with lipid parameters. ConclusionOverall, this study indicates the importance of sub-group analysis in identifying comprehensive association of different parameters with the risk of CAD.

Multimarkers of metabolic malnutrition and inflammation and their association with mortality risk in cardiac catheterisation patients: a prospective, longitudinal, observational, cohort study

Complex and incompletely understood metabolic dysfunction associated with inflammation and protein-energy wasting contribute to the increased mortality risk of older patients and those with chronic organ diseases affected by cachexia, sarcopenia, malnutrition, and frailty. However, these wasting syndromes have uncertain relevance for patients with cardiovascular disease or people at lower risk. Studies are hampered by imperfect objective clinical assessment tools for these intertwined metabolic malnutrition and inflammation syndromes. We aimed to assess, in two independent cohorts of patients who underwent cardiac catheterisation, the mortality risk associated with the metabolic vulnerability index (MVX), a multimarker derived from six simultaneously measured serum biomarkers plausibly linked to these dysmetabolic syndromes. In this prospective, longitudinal, observational study, we included patients aged ≥18 years recruited into the CATHGEN biorepository (Jan 2, 2001, to Dec 30, 2011) and the Intermountain Heart Collaborative Study (Sept 12, 2000, to Sept 21, 2006) who underwent coronary angiography and had clinical nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic profiling done on frozen plasma obtained at catheterisation. We aggregated six mortality risk biomarkers (GlycA, small HDL, valine, leucine, isoleucine, and citrate concentrations) into sex-specific MVX multimarker scores using coefficients from predictive models for all-cause mortality in the CATHGEN cohort. We assessed associations of biomarkers and MVX with mortality in both cohorts using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for 15 clinical covariates. We included 5876 participants from the CATHGEN biorepository and 2888 from the Intermountain Heart study. Median follow-up was 6·2 years (IQR 4·4-8·9) in CATHGEN and 8·2 years (6·9-9·2) in the Intermountain Heart study. The six nuclear magnetic resonance biomarkers and MVX made strong, independent contributions to 5-year mortality risk prediction in both cohorts (hazard ratio 2·18 [95% CI 2·03-2·34] in the CATHGEN cohort and 1·67 [1·50-1·87] in the Intermountain Heart cohort). CATHGEN subgroup analyses showed similar MVX associations in men and women, older and younger individuals, for death from cardiovascular or non-cardiovascular causes, and in patients with or without multiple comorbidities. MVX made a dominant contribution to mortality prediction in patients with cardiovascular disease and in low-risk subgroups without pre-existing disease, suggesting that metabolic malnutrition-inflammation syndromes might have a more universal role in survival than previously thought. Labcorp.

Japon Bıldırcını Rasyonlarına Farklı Seviyelerde Nane (Mentha piperita L.) Yağı İlavesinin Performans, Karkas Özellikleri ve Serum Parametrelerine Etkisi

This study was carried out to determine the effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) essential oil addition to growing Japanese quail diets on growth performance, carcass and some serum parameters. In the study, a total of 300 mixed-sex Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) chicks at daily age were fed for 35 days with control and diets that were supplemented with peppermint oil at the levels of 0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 %. The study was carried out in 5 treatment groups, with 6 replications, in a total of 30 subgroups. At the end of the experiment, the diet peppermint oil levels did not significantly affect the body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The effects of experimental diets containing different levels of peppermint oil on serum glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, HDL, LDL, AST and ALT concentrations were statistically insignificant. There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups in terms of carcass weight, carcass yield, liver and heart weights, and small intestine length. According to the results of the present study, it was concluded that the addition of different levels of peppermint oil to growing quail diets did not cause any change in performance, carcass, visceral weights and serum parameters.

Are Women with Normal-Weight Obesity at Higher Risk for Cardiometabolic Disorders?

This study aimed to evaluate the cardiometabolic abnormalities in women with normal-weight obesity (NWO) in comparison with lean, overweight, and obese women. This cross-sectional study evaluated the assessment of cardiometabolic abnormalities of women with NWO compared to lean, overweight, and obese women. NWO was defined as a BMI < 25 kg.m-2 and a BFP higher than 30%. Anthropometric variables, cardiometabolic abnormality markers (fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, insulin resistance, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)), and liver enzymes were also examined. Significant differences were observed in HDL concentrations between NWO, lean, and obese participants (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in FBG, insulin resistance, liver enzymes, or cholesterol between groups (p > 0.05). The prevalence of the abnormal metabolic phenotype was higher in NWO compared to the lean group (4.0% and 24.1%, respectively; p < 0.05). Women with type 2 and 3 obesity had abnormal metabolic profiles (60.9% and 73.9%, respectively) compared to NWO participants (p < 0.01). The NWO group had a significantly higher incidence of cardiometabolic abnormalities compared to the lean participants (p < 0.05), while the type 2 and 3 obese individuals had significantly higher incidences compared to the NWO group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Individuals with NWO had a significantly higher incidence of cardiometabolic abnormalities when compared to lean participants. These abnormalities strongly relate to BFP and waist circumferences.

Lipid Profile in Patients with and Without Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the major cause of mortality and morbidity in the entire world population despite therapeutic advances that control many risk factors. Lipid profile is regarded as an important factor in the development of coronary heart disease. There have been numerous studies showing the association of hyperlipidemias with coronary heart disease in most of the Western as well as Asian countries of the world. But we have very little data on the relation between CHD and lipid profile in this part of the globe. Objective: To evaluate the association between lipid profile and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department of Cardiology, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal on diagnosed cases of acute coronary syndrome in between January 2021 to October 2022. Estimation of lipid profile was done by Randox Imola autoanalyzer. Data collected were entered in SPSS version 21.0 and analysed using descriptive measures, and statistical significances were set at p&lt;0.05. Results: A total of 67 patients of acute coronary syndrome and 67 without acute coronary syndrome (total 134) were recruited in the study. It is seen that the mean±SD of age in cases was 63.69±12.11 years and in the controls, it was 45.47±11.75 years, and the difference observed was found to be statistically significant p&lt;0.05. The majority of the cases were males comprising of 49 (73.3%) and females constitute only 18 (26.7%). 42 (62.2%) of the cases had history of HTN while 25 (37.8%) had no h/o HTN. In cases the mean±SD of SBP (112.67±17.35 mmHg) and DBP (73.38±11.63 mmHg) were found to be significantly lower than the controls. As regards the lipid profile, in the cases the mean±SD of total cholesterol was 208.75±31.25 mg/dl and in controls 144.02±19.57 mg/dl, triglycerides in cases was 162.51±39.81 mg/dl and 98.42±16.96 mg/dl in controls and LDL was 142.22±31.31 mg/dl in the cases and 71.40±21.24 mg/dl in controls showing that the values were higher in the cases as compared to the control group and the difference was found to be statistically significant with p&lt;0.05. However, the mean±SD of HDL in the cases (34.78±6.44 mg/dl) was lower as compared to the controls (49.56±5.72 mg/dl) and the difference was statistically significant with p&lt;0.05. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher and HDL concentration was lower in acute coronary syndrome (ACSD) patients. The imbalance between TC and HDL levels plays a more important role in the pathophysiology of atherogenesis leading to ACS.

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil alleviates testis failure induced by Etoposide in male rats

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a shrub used to treat hepatic, intestinal, renal, respiratory, and reproductive failures. Etoposide a plant-based compound derived from Podophyllum pelltatum, has been used for human malignancies treatment. However, it induces testis, and hepatic failures. In the present study, impact of rosemary essential oil against testis failure, lipid parameters, and hepatic enzymes in male rats has been studied. Forty male Wistar albino rats were grouped in a completely randomized design with Etoposide injection (ETO), rosemary supplementation (ROS), with Etoposide injection and rosemary supplement (ETO+ROS), and control rats with no Etoposide injection and no rosemary (CON). The experiment lasted for seven consecutive weeks including one week as acclimatization time. At the end of the experiment, rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and blood samples were analyzed for serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-Cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), total Protein (TP), glucose (GLU) and testosterone. The left testis was harvested for histological examination. Results showed that rats with Etoposide injection had higher ALT, AST, and ALP the control rats. No significant difference was found among treatments in terms of glucose concentration in blood. Rosemary supplemntaion decreased cholesterol and TG concentration and increased HDL concentration in male rats. Furthermore, administration of rosemary essential oil increased blood testosterone but decreased ALT and AST. The epithelial height of seminiferous tubules was decreased significantly in ET as compared with CON. Rosemary essential oil lessened the adverse effect of Etopside on epithelial height in rat testis as it is shown in ET+ROS. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of rosemary essential oil alleviated liver toxicity and functional testis damage induced by Etopside.

Effect of dietary chitosan supplementation on productive and physiological performance parameters of growing New Zealand white rabbits

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary chitosan supplementation on the growth performance, carcass traits, and some physiological parameters of weaned New Zealand White rabbits (NZW). Sixty-four NZWs were randomly distributed into four dietary experimental groups (n = 16) and fed a basal diet ad libitum for eight weeks: under Egyptian conditions. The basal diet without chitosan served as the control group, while the other three groups were fed diets containing 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g chitosan/kg diet. We observed significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences among chitosan treatments. Specifically, groups supplemented with chitosan in their diets had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher final body weight and weight gain, as well as an improved feed conversion ratio compared to the control group. Rabbits fed chitosan at 0.2 g/kg diet performed the best in growth traits compared to other treatment groups. Rabbits fed chitosan at 0.4 g/kg diet had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher levels of total protein in their blood than in the control group. However, levels did not differ significantly from that in the 0.2 group. Likewise, the highest (P ≤ 0.05) levels of glucose and HDL concentrations were detected in rabbits fed chitosan at a 0.2 g/kg diet. All chitosan-supplemented groups (especially at 0.2 g/kg diet) had higher economic efficiency and relative profit levels than the control group. Moreover, morphometric evaluations of the small intestine revealed higher villi number and crypt depth values in chitosan-treated animals compared to the control group. We conclude that using chitosan at levels of 0.2 or 0.4 g/kg diet can effectively improve the body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and economic efficiency, as well as the overall health status of NZW under Egyptian conditions.

ANALYSIS THE METABOLIC STATUS OF PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE DEPENDING ON BODY MASS INDEX.

The aim: To analyze the metabolic status of patients with coronary artery disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease depending on body mass index. Materials and methods: The cohort of patients included 107 people with coronary artery disease (CAD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and over¬weight (n=56) or obesity (n=51). In all patients glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, hsCRP, transaminases, creatinine, urea, uric acid, lipid profile, anthropometric parameters and ultrasound elastography were measured. Results: During the analysis of serum lipid spectrum in patients with obesity: lower levels of HDL and higher TG concentration compared with patients who had overweight. The insulin level was almost twice as high as in patients with overweight and the HOMA-IR index was 3.49 (2.13;5.78), where as in patients with overweight it was 1.85 (1.28;3,01), p<0.01. In patients with coronary artery disease and overweight, the of hsCRP was 1.92 (1.18;2.98) mg/l and was significantly different from the hsCRP level in obese patients, which was 3.15 (2.64;3.66) mg/l, p=0,004. Conclusions: In patients with coronary artery disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity, the metabolic profile was characterized by a more unfa¬vorable lipid spectrum: lower levels of HDL and higher triglicerid concentration. Carbohydrate metabolism in obese patients included disorders such us impared glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance. There was also a correlation between body mass index with insulin and glycated hemoglobin. Higher concentration hsCRP in obese compared with patients with overweight was observed. This confirms the role of obesity in the patogenesis of coronary artery disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and systemic inflammation.