Exhaust Emissions Of HC Research Articles

Impact on Green Synthesised Al2O3 Nanoparticles on Performance and Emission Properties as Biodiesel operated diesel engine

<p style="text-align:justify;"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";font-size:12pt;line-height:150%;">Global warming and pollution are two of the numerous causes of environmental issues due to industrial wastes and greenhouse gases. As a result, efforts are being made to limit emissions in order to mitigate these issues and reduce pollution. Given that fuel supplies are running low, biodiesel is one of the best alternatives to diesel fuel. One of the main obstacles to biodiesel's commercialization is its higher cost than diesel. One of the more superior substitute fuels for diesel is biodiesel, which is a fuel with great potential. When combined with 20% commercial diesel (B20), the resulting biodiesel is known as Pongamia. Improving engine performance and combustion characteristics while decreasing atmospheric NOX, CO, and HC exhaust emissions are the primary goals of this research. In comparison to neat diesel, BSFC and BTE were found to have increased by 12.27% and 15.34% respectively, while NOx, CO, and HC concentrations were decreased by 15.46%, 54%, 7.30%, and 25.67% respectively. Biodiesel mixed with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nano additive significantly improves the performance and combustion characteristics of diesel engines.</span></p>

Investigation of Exhaust Emissions Combustion Characteristics in Single Spark Ignition-Engine Matic with Butanol-Gasoline Mixture

Butanol as a fuel has a high oxygen content, so the combustion process will be more friendly to the environment. In this study, butanol will be mixed with RON-90 gasoline with a capacity of 5% (B5); 7%(B7); 10%(B10); 12%(B12); 15%(B15) and 18%(B18). The engine used is an automatic transmission with a capacity of 109.5cc with a compression ratio of 9.5:1. The test equipment for engine performance and exhaust emissions is the 50L BRT Super-Dyno and EPSG4 Gas Analyzer. The results showed that using B18 fuel for CO exhaust emissions decreased by 44% at an engine speed of 6000rpm. CO2 exhaust emissions have decreased by 47% at 8000rpm engine speed. HC exhaust emissions have decreased by 28% at 9000rpm engine speed. In contrast to NOx emissions, which increased by 22% at 9000rpm engine speed, this was due to the increasing temperature in the combustion chamber.

The Effect Of The Addition Of Db Killer On The Noise Of Yamaha Vixion 150cc Racing Motorcycle

Indonesia is one of the countries that has experienced a significant increase in the number of motorcycle vehicles, especially the Yamaha Vixion motorcycle, which is a sport-type motorcycle, a motorized vehicle which causes noise pollution arising from excessive noise levels. The aim of the study was to find out the results of the analysis of the noise level produced by motorbikes between standard and racing exhausts using the Intact-Group Comparison experimental research method. Experimental group (treated) and control group (no treatment). Population of all types of motor vehicle exhaust, sample 2 types of exhaust, namely standard and racing. the independent variable is the use of standard exhaust and racing exhaust on motorbikes. The dependent variable is noise level. The HC compound on the standard exhaust compared to the Racing R9 exhaust can significantly reduce HC exhaust emissions. The standard exhaust CO compound is better than racing exhaust. So the noise level and exhaust emissions of racing exhausts are higher than standard exhausts. So that racing exhaust is more dangerous if it is used frequently because it contains a noise level that is too high.

Modified Copper for Reducing CO and HC Vehicle Exhaust Gas Emissions

This study aims to determine the effect of installing modified copper C-SiO2-ZSM5 in the exhaust, installing modified copper in the exhaust to reduce CO and HC. The two methods used to reduce CO and HC exhaust emissions are as follows: the first method is by mixing fossil fuels with ethanol. The fuel used is a mixture of gasoline + ethanol with variations of gasoline, E10, and E20. The second method is to provide a CO and HC reformer catalyst made of modified copper with the addition of SiO2 and MZM5 as much as 10% and 20%, respectively. The test uses a four-stroke two-wheel motor in a neutral gear position. Exhaust emission data retrieval is at 1500, 3000, 5000, 7000, 9000 rpm. With gasoline fuel mixed with ethanol with E 10 and E 20. There is a decrease in CO at each engine speed in each fuel variation, because the more ethanol content, the greater the supply of O2 in combustion because ethanol has oxygen bonds that can increase combustion. The emission of CO and HC gas on gasoline-fueled motors are greater than those of E 10 and E 20 motors. The use of a copper converter catalyst SiO2-C-ZSM5 is very significant and can reduce CO levels for gasoline fuel from the highest value of 4,7% to 2.82%, gasohol fuel E 10 with the highest value of CO 3.02% decreased to 1.2% and gasohol fuel E 20 the highest value of CO 2.78% decreased to 0.17%. Changes were seen visually on the surface of the copper used for the CO and HC reduction test, the surface copper became darker in color, especially when testing using gasoline. When using a mixture of ethanol and gasoline, copper is purplish brown color.

STUDI KOMPARASI MOTOR BAKAR 6 TAK DENGAN SIKLUS DUA KALI PENGAPIAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR PERTAMAX DAN ETANOL

The six-stroke combustion engine is a refinement of the four-stroke machine by adding two strokes of the four-stroke combustion engine. The two steps in question are the second compression stroke and the second expansion stroke. The method used is an experimental research method. This study aims to obtain the performance value and exhaust gas emission values ​​for Pertamax and Ethanol fuels on a six-stroke engine. The fuel used is Pertamax fuel with a purity of 100% and Ethanol with a purity of 99.7%. Based on the results of research, analysis, and discussion, the performance of a six-stroke combustion engine with two cycles of ignition with Pertamax and Ethanol fuel is concluded that the average torque of Pertamax fuel is 1.07% higher than Ethanol fuel. The average adequacy of Pertamax fuel is 1.27% higher than Ethanol fuel. The combustion efficiency of the Pertamax fuel six-stroke motor is 1.06% less than ethanol fuel, the cycle work (Wnet) of the Pertamax fuel six-stroke engine is 1.07% higher than that of ethanol fuel, the thermal efficiency (ηth) of the Pertamax fuel six-stroke engine is comparable to that of ethanol fuel while the fuel efficiency (ηf) of the six-stroke ethanol fuel engine is 1.09% higher than the pertamax fuel. The exhaust gas emission test results for Pertamax fuel CO are 21.2% higher than ethanol fuel. CO2 emissions from Pertamax fuel are 1.56% less than ethanol fuel, and HC exhaust emissions from Pertamax fuels are 3.7% higher than ethanol fuels.

Pengujian Eksperimental Perbandingan Konsumsi Bahan Bakar dan Emisi Gas Buang Dengan Beberapa Jenis Bahan Bakar Pada Sepeda Motor

Air pollution is caused by the activities of motorized vehicles that emit exhaust gas emissions, including CO, CO2, HC, NOX, SOX, and particulates. The purpose of this study was to determine how the effect of fuel variations on the time of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions on motorcycles and to find out how the composition of mixing premium fuel with ethanol affects the time of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. This study uses 4 types of fuel, namely premium, pertalite, E-5, and E-10 and tested using 3 variations of throttle openings. From the test results, it is found that the most fuel consumption is found in the wide throttle opening on premium fuel = 0.77 L/h. For the results of the lowest CO and HC exhaust emissions found in the wide throttle opening on the E-10 fuel where the emission value of CO = 1.98% and HC = 1425 ppm. So it can be concluded that in comparison with the time of fuel consumption, the higher the throttle opening, the faster the fuel consumption will be and for exhaust gas emissions, the higher the throttle opening, the lower the CO and HC emission values. Mixing premium fuel with ethanol can make the fuel consumption time slower than pure premium and can also reduce the content of CO and HC exhaust emissions.Key words: Fuel, Exhaust emissions, Fuel consumption

PENGARUH METALLIC CATALYTIC CONVERTER TEMBAGA BERLAPIS CHROME DALAM MENURUNKAN EMISI GAS BUANG MESIN SEPEDA MOTOR EMPAT LANGKAH

Transition metals have emerged and have begun to be widely researched as alternative materials in the manufacture of metallic catalytic converters (MCC). The selection of transition metals is based on the availability of abundant materials in the market, besides that the price of transition metals tends to be cheaper when compared to PGM. Therefore, through this study, an analysis of the effect of chrome-plated copper MCC (CuCr) was carried out on CO and HC exhaust emissions. Emission testing is carried out under two conditions. The first condition is the condition where the test vehicle still uses a standard exhaust, while in the second condition the test vehicle uses a modified exhaust equipped with MCC CuCr technology. The test vehicle used was the 2005 Honda Supra Fit. The emission testing process was carried out based on the SNI 09-71118.1-2005 standard which was then compared with the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment, Number 05 of 2006. The research findings show that MCC CuCr is proven to be able to reduce exhaust emissions by an average reduction of 24% for CO emissions and 30% for HC emissions. The emission test results show that the measured CO emission is 1.68% Vol while the CO emission threshold is 5.5% Vol. Meanwhile, the measured HC emission is 1719 ppmVol while the HC emission threshold is 2400 ppmVol. Therefore, it can be concluded that MCC CuCr passed the emission test in accordance with the Regulation of the State Minister of the Environment number 5 of 2006.

A review on the effects of ethanol/gasoline fuel blends on NOX emissions in spark-ignition engines

Ethanol can be used as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition (SI) engines to increase the octane number and oxygen content of ethanol/gasoline blends, thereby reducing dependence on fossil fuels and the exhaust emissions of incomplete combustion products. Although it is widely agreed that ethanol can reduce CO and HC exhaust emissions, the literature on ethanol and NOX emissions is far from conclusive; hence there is a need for an in-depth, updated review of ethanol/gasoline blends in SI engines and the relative production of NOX emissions. In light of that, the present work aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on the current state of ethanol combustion in SI engines to shed definitive light on the potential changes in NOX emissions under various operating conditions. The first part of this paper discusses the feasibility of ethanol as an alternative transportation fuel, including world production and ethanol production processes. The physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline are then compared to analyze their effects on combustion efficiency and exhaust emissions. Then, the pathways of NOX formation inside the cylinder of SI engines are discussed in depth. Finally, we review and critically discuss the effects of ethanol concentration in blends and different engine parameters on NOX formation.

Ethanol/Gasoline Blends as Alternative Fuel in Last Generation Spark-Ignition Engines: A Review on CO and HC Engine Out Emissions

Among the alternative fuels existing for spark-ignition engines, ethanol is considered worldwide as an important renewable fuel when mixed with pure gasoline because of its favorable physicochemical properties. An in-depth and updated investigation on the issue of CO and HC engine out emissions related to use of ethanol/gasoline fuels in spark-ignition engines is therefore necessary. Starting from our experimental studies on engine out emissions of a last generation spark-ignition engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels, the aim of this new investigation is to offer a complete literature review on the present state of ethanol combustion in last generation spark-ignition engines under real working conditions to clarify the possible change in CO and HC emissions. In the first section of this paper, a comparison between physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline is examined to assess the practicability of using ethanol as an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engines and to investigate the effect on engine out emissions and combustion efficiency. In the next section, this article focuses on the impact of ethanol/gasoline fuels on CO and HC formation. Many studies related to combustion characteristics and exhaust emissions in spark-ignition engines fueled with ethanol/gasoline fuels are thus discussed in detail. Most of these experimental investigations conclude that the addition of ethanol with gasoline fuel mixtures can really decrease the CO and HC exhaust emissions of last generation spark-ignition engines in several operating conditions.

The Effectiveness of Using Heaters on Mufflers to Reduce Exhaust Emissions from Spark Ignition Engines

The increasing population of motor vehicles can result in increased levels of exhaust emissions. The most significant contributor to exhaust emissions comes from motor vehicle exhaust. This study aims to reduce exhaust emissions, which will have an impact on reducing air pollution caused by motor vehicle exhaust gases. This research method is quantitative descriptive experimental with exhaust gas emission testing standards based on SNI 19-7118.3-2005. The test results show that the use of a heater in a Yamaha New Vixion Lighting motorcycle exhaust can reduce exhaust emissions CO and HC. By using an experimental exhaust one heater, it can reduce CO exhaust emissions by an average of 27.74%, and HC exhaust emissions by an average of 5.55. Whereas using experimental exhaust two heaters can reduce CO exhaust emissions by an average of 35.02%, and HC exhaust emissions by an average of 16.31.

Palm oil-based biodiesel as a novel alternative feedstock for existing unmodified DI diesel engine

Recent developments in biodiesel focuses on lowering the diesel engine exhaust emissions. Palm biodiesel and diesel fuel were operated in the diesel engine as test fuels, and its emission and performance characteristics of the engine were evaluated. The outcomes demonstrated that biodiesel showed the comparative characteristics to that of diesel fuel. The output power of palm biodiesel was relatively indistinguishable compared with diesel fuel. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was higher for palm biodiesel because of its lower heat content. In this study, biodiesel obtained from palm oil produces the most promising results in engine performance and also reduces the harmful exhaust emissions in diesel engine. The exhaust emissions of HC, CO, NOx, and smoke are diminished by 24%, 23%, 5%, and 39% respectively. Experimental results were established that the neat palm biodiesel reduce harmful emissions significantly from an unmodified diesel engine.

Performance and emission analysis on diesel engine fuelled with neat pongamia biodiesel

The fundamental properties of pongamia biodiesel are almost similar to diesel fuel, subsequently, pongamia biodiesel and diesel fuel were operated in the diesel engine as test fuels, and its emission and performance parameters of the engine were evaluated. The experimental results reveal that that biodiesel showed the better emission characteristics to that of diesel fuel. The output power of pongamia biodiesel was comparable with diesel fuel. The brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was higher for pongamia biodiesel because of its lower heat content. The exhaust emissions of HC, CO, NO x , and smoke are diminished by 26%, 25%, 6%, and 46% respectively. Experimental results were established that the neat pongamia biodiesel reduce harmful emissions significantly from an unmodified diesel engine.

Effect of biodiesel fuel from soybean oil on exhaust gas and combustion chamber temperature of diesel engine

Several researchers have researched combustion engines, especially those that use biodiesel fuel. However, most of the biodiesel raw materials used are derived from crude palm oil, castor seeds, used cooking oil, and palm oil mill effluent. This research uses biodiesel fuel with raw material from soybean oil and still very rarely done. Experimental results show that specific fuel consumption increases along with the increase in the biodiesel composition of soybean oil in the fuel mixture. The amount of CO and HC exhaust emissions decreased when using fuel B10, B20 and B30. Experimental data show that maximum power is 1.26 kW, specific fuel consumption is 373.15 g/kWh and maximum thermal efficiency is 23.04% when using diesel fuel. The maximum temperature of the diesel engine combustion chamber is obtained at 507.86°C when using diesel fuel. Minimum combustion temperature is obtained when the diesel engine uses B30 of 388.49°C, and this condition is strongly influenced by calorific value of the fuel.

Analisis emisi gas buang dan daya sepeda motor pada volume silinder diperkecil

This research aims to determine the effect of variations diameter pistons on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. This research used a gasoline engine single-cylinder four-stroke with variations in cylinder volume 100 cc, 90 cc, 60 cc and engine rotation 1500 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3500 rpm, 4500 rpm, 6000 rpm. Data was collected in transmission N, 1, 2, 3, and 4 each of the three repetitions for each round engine rotation, using a gas analyzer 2400 ultra 4/5 IM Hanatech brand for exhaust emission of CO and HC. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that with decreasing diameter of piston up to 60 cc can reduce exhaust emissions, especially CO, HC and fuel consumption. The highest HC exhaust emissions was in 100 cc cylinder volume that is equal to 514.33 ppm while the lowest HC emissions obtained in 60 cc cylinder volume at 49.67 ppm. The highest CO emission was obtained on 100 cc cylinder by 4.64% volume, while the lowest CO emission was obtained on 60 cc cylinder by 0.31% volume. The highest CO2 emissions obtained in 60 cc cylinder amounted to 17.60% volume, while the lowest CO2 emission obtained at 100 cc cylinder amounted to 8.37% volume, and the highest fuel consumption obtained in 100 cc cylinder at 0.65 kg/h, and the lowest fuel consumption obtained in 60 cc cylinder by 0.06 kg/h.

Analisis emisi gas buang dan daya sepeda motor pada volume silinder diperkecil

This research aims to determine the effect of variations diameter pistons on exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. This research used a gasoline engine single-cylinder four-stroke with variations in cylinder volume 100 cc, 90 cc, 60 cc and engine rotation 1500 rpm, 2500 rpm, 3500 rpm, 4500 rpm, 6000 rpm. Data was collected in transmission N, 1, 2, 3, and 4 each of the three repetitions for each round engine rotation, using a gas analyzer 2400 ultra 4/5 IM Hanatech brand for exhaust emission of CO and HC. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that with decreasing diameter of piston up to 60 cc can reduce exhaust emissions, especially CO, HC and fuel consumption. The highest HC exhaust emissions was in 100 cc cylinder volume that is equal to 514.33 ppm while the lowest HC emissions obtained in 60 cc cylinder volume at 49.67 ppm. The highest CO emission was obtained on 100 cc cylinder by 4.64% volume, while the lowest CO emission was obtained on 60 cc cylinder by 0.31% volume. The highest CO2 emissions obtained in 60 cc cylinder amounted to 17.60% volume, while the lowest CO2 emission obtained at 100 cc cylinder amounted to 8.37% volume, and the highest fuel consumption obtained in 100 cc cylinder at 0.65 kg/h, and the lowest fuel consumption obtained in 60 cc cylinder by 0.06 kg/h.

Advantages of ethanol–gasoline blends as fuel substitute for last generation Si engines

The stringent international emission legislations and increasing demands for lesser fuel consumption and air pollutant emissions in urban environment necessitate substantial and effective plans to improve combustion efficiency of anthropogenic activities. For this reason, all the industrialized countries are energetically developing alternative fuel sources in order to reduce the harmful air emissions and to decrease the necessity of fossil fuel. In this context, ethanol can be used as an alternative fuel or an additive of gasoline owing to many advantages, above all the possibility to rise oxygen amount in the fuel (so reducing CO and HC exhaust emissions) and to stem the depletion of fossil fuels. Many studies have been carried out to evaluate the effects of ethanol combined with gasoline on engine performance and exhaust emissions. This article analyze prospect of fuel ethanol as an effective gasoline substitute, and examines comparative physicochemical properties of ethanol and gasoline and their effect on emissive behavior of SI engines. This article, then, creates a fundamental basis for further discussions and experimental activities on the last generation SI engines fuelled with ethanol/gasoline‐blended fuels. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1173–1179, 2017

Environmental impact of an algal biofuel doped with carbon black

ABSTRACTThis paper investigated the role of the emission characteristics of a diesel engine when carbon black (CB) blended with Caulerpa peltata algae oil methyl ester (CPOME) is used as a fuel. Biodiesels are produced from Caulerpa peltata algae oil (CPO) by the transesterification process. The biodiesel blends containing 10%, 15%, and 20% CB were denoted as B20, B20CB10, B20CB15, and B20CB20. The CPOME was mixed with CB nanoparticles with the aid of a mechanical stirrer. The fuel properties of all blends were studied and compared according to ASTM standard. Tests were performed at full-load CI engine operation with a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The acquired data were studied for various parameters, such as exhaust emissions of HC, CO, CO2, NOx, and smoke opacity.

STUDY AND COMPARISON OF EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF N-BUTANOL / DIESEL BLEND IN CI ENGINE

A lot of emphasis is being laid on the use of biodegradable fuel directly or in blends with diesel to control harmful exhaust emissions and to help environment by reducing global warming in addition to reducing dependence on import of fossil fuels. An experimental study was conducted to study and compare the emission characteristics of n-butanol/diesel blend and diesel. The experiment was conducted on single cylinder, four stroke kirloskar diesel engine with different blends of n-butanol/diesel blends. The exhaust emissions of HC, CO, CO2 and O2 were measured with Neptune make analyzer.

Experimental and Study of an Direct-Injection, Single Fuel CNG Engine

In this paper, a single fuel in-cylinder, direct injection compressed natural gas (CNG) engine was presented, which was modified form a 175F gasoline engine, with the 80C196KC single chip microprocessor as the controller. The structure and function of the CNG engine control system, the drive circuits of the injection system, matching its parameters and establishing the control algorithms are introduced. An oxygen sensor was used to adjust the mixture ratio to restore the engine power and reduced the exhaust emission; peak-holding drive circuit of injector was applied to improve its responsibility and spare more electrical energy; high energy ignition system was designed to produce and distribute high enough energy. The result of experimental shows that the power of CNG engine is no lower than 95% of the power of gasoline engien in the most conditions. The exhaust emissions of HC and CO are obviously reduced, compared with the gasoline engine.

The effect of adding dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethanol to unleaded gasoline on exhaust emission

Oxygen containing additives are usually used to improve gasoline’s performance and reduce exhaust emissions. In this study, the effect of oxygen containing additives on gasoline blended fuels on exhaust emissions was investigated for different engine speeds in a single cylinder, four-stroke, spark-ignition engine. The results indicate that CO and HC exhaust emissions are lower with the use of ethanol–gasoline and DMC–gasoline blended fuels as compared to the use of unleaded gasoline. On the other hand, the effect of ethanol–gasoline and DMC–gasoline blended fuels on NO X exhaust emission is insignificant. Using oxygen containing additives can increase fuel consumption as a result of the heating value of the blended fuels being lower than that of unleaded gasoline.