Hazardous Facilities Research Articles

Втрати екосистемних послуг у зоні впливу полігонів твердих побутових відходів: приклад Київської області

The study aims to identify the ecosystem diversity and ecosystem services vital for the environment and the well-being of local communities in the impact zones of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, as well as to analyze the causes of ecosystem service degradation using the example of the largest MSW landfill in Ukraine, Landfill No. 5 in the Obukhiv district of Kyiv region. The study employs analytical and cartographic methods, as well as sociological survey methods. Using OSM data, Google Earth Pro, and QGIS software, the presence of aquatic and forest ecosystems, wetlands, and agroecosystems in the area adjacent to the landfill was determined. The ecosystem services provided by these ecosystems to the residents of nearby settlements are comprehensively described. An analysis of the spatial distribution of stress factors from the landfill’s impact on environmental components revealed signs of degradation in provisioning, regulating, sociocultural, and supporting services across almost all existing ecosystems. Examples of improper landfill infrastructure functioning are provided, resulting in landfill leachate leaks that extend beyond its boundaries. The key threats to the quality of aquatic ecosystem services include contamination from landfill runoff, resulting in the degradation of the essential water supply service. Prolonged landfill operations have led to the contamination of forest soils with leachate and heavy metals, as well as air pollution with methane and other toxic substances, thereby affecting the ecosystem services of the forest. Wetlands are particularly vulnerable to the periodic leakage of leachate from landfills, as they lose their natural habitats for local species and biodiversity. In agroecosystems, soil and groundwater contamination with toxic landfill runoff primarily reduces crop yields. The results of a sociological survey conducted among residents of two villages closest to the landfill indicate that the majority perceive the landfill as a hazardous technogenic facility, negatively impacting their well-being. The novelty of the study lies in identifying the ecosystem diversity of the studied area, analyzing all types of ecosystem services crucial to the well-being of local communities, and determining the causes of their degradation in the landfill’s impact zone.

АНАЛИЗ ПРИЧИН И ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВ АВАРИЙ С УЧАСТИЕМ ГОРЮЧИХ ГАЗОВ НА ОПАСНЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫХ ОБЪЕКТАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В 2014–2024 гг.

The necessity of searching and analyzing information about the causes and circumstances of accidents and incidents at hazardous production facilities in the Russian Federation related to the handling of flammable gases is demonstrated. Attention is focused on the fact that the accident checklists generated by the Federal environmental, technological and nuclear supervision service have significant potential for processing using artificial intelligence technologies. Based on the analysis of the annual reports and checklists of the Federal environmental, technological and nuclear supervision service, information is provided on the distribution of fires and explosions at protection facilities, including by type of ignition source, type of work performed and the area of violations of fire safety requirements. Recommendations are given on the organization of an accident and incident accounting system at hazardous production facilities.

Methodology for Determining the Classification Group of Jib Cranes of Foreign Companies when Assessing Their Technical Condition during Current Sanctions

Introduction. Currently, more than 7,000 legal entities and individual entrepreneurs in the Russian Federation operate hazardous production facilities (HPFs) and over 90,000 lifting facilities, including cranes, hoists, and elevators. Periodically, serious accidents leading to injuries and deaths are recorded at these facilities, emphasizing the importance of ensuring safety on lifting cranes. However, sanctions against imported cranes installed in ports make it difficult to ensure their safe operation, as many of these cranes exceed or approach the end of their service life. According to the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, an industrial safety inspection is required for further operation of these cranes. The existing studies on the assessment of technical condition of lifting machines primarily focus on issues related to residual life. However, the analysis reveals that the features of evaluating the condition of cranes manufactured by foreign companies, in particular, their actual loads as determined by FEM, have not been thoroughly investigated. This discrepancy between actual and specified loading leads to increased risk of accidents. The aim of this research is to develop a methodology for determining the actual classification group of jib cranes produced by foreign companies, which will allow for an objective assessment of their technical condition during the industrial safety inspections, as well as verifying the developed methodology through a specific example.Materials and Methods. The assessment was based on statistical data collected over the past 27 years. The study was conducted through a systematization of typical damages to cranes identified during industrial safety inspections. Statistical data on the number of cranes and accidents were collected from open sources. During the observation period, there were 254,250 cranes, and the average number of accidents was 42.29, which allowed us to calculate a background probability of accidents of 1.66 ∙ 10⁻⁴. This allowed us to identify an excess in the permissible destruction probability, which was 2x10⁻³, compared to the established regulatory level of 10⁻⁴. Based on this, we analyzed the technical condition of cranes and refined the risk assessment methodology. The direct analysis of the technical condition of cranes was based on the study of loading functions, which depended on the weight of the load and the boom outreach, considered as random variables. For this purpose, we collected and processed primary information in the form of histograms of the distribution of transported cargo masses and boom outreach of the tested cranes. We used these data to calculate the remaining fatigue life of the resource-determining component of the metal structure and the probability of structural failure. Statistical data processing techniques were used to formalize conclusions about the risk level of crane operation based on specific numerical values of accident and damage probabilities, taking into account economic and social factors.Results. To assess the technical condition of jib cranes manufactured by foreign companies, a methodology was developed to determine the actual classification group. The methodology included calculating the load distribution coefficient (Кр) through load moments, estimating the residual resource by a characteristic number, calculating fatigue stresses for a resource-determining unit, determining the probability of structural failure, and assessing the risk of an accident. The article provides an example of the application of this technique to a specific jib crane. For a crane with design Кр = 0.30 (group A6) and a standard characteristic number of 125,000, the actual characteristic number was 179,323, indicating that service life had been exhausted. Verification calculation of fatigue stresses in the reference contour showed close proximity to the ultimate strength. The value of the probability of destruction, considering the statistical data on the crane load, exceeded the permissible value.Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the results, using a specific example, showed that exceeding the passport classification of the crane's operating mode, and as a result, exceeding the assigned resources of its structural components, led to a significant increase in the risk of accidents. Based on the examination, it was found that the actual classification group of the crane's operating mode exceeded the passport value and amounts to A6 instead of A5. The developed methodology for assessing the actual classification group of the operating mode of jib cranes from foreign manufacturers allows for a significant reduction in the likelihood of structural failure and accident rate during industrial safety inspections. At the same time, it is recommended to use the background probability of a lifting crane accident of 1.66·10⁻⁴ and the average value of material damage of 73.2 million rubles in calculations.

COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY MEASURES TO PREVENT EMERGENCY SITUATIONS IN THE FILLING STATION OPERATIONS – CONTINUOUS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MONITORING

The article discuss the principles of filling station’s planned activities from the point of view of comprehensive consideration of environmental and social hazard factors to further development of the concept of technogenic activities comprehensive monitoring for the excessive environmental impact’s early prevention and prevention of emergency situations, or damage reduction from possible consequences. Current Ukraine’s legislation on environmental control of the technogenic facilities activities is described; in particular, list of potentially hazardous facilities and environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedure. Provided a description of four main types of gas stations by technical arrangement: traditional, modular, container and block. A filling station was characterized based on technical and technological solutions from the standpoint of possible environmentally hazardous factors. A comprehensive review of the filling station's activities was conducted to determine the ways of negative impact on environmental components and population’s health as a emission’s result and discharges of pollutants that occur during the technological processes implementation at the filling station and in the event of an emergency. Based on the considered environmental impact factors, options for protective measures were presented, the implementation of which contributes to the emergency situations prevention and the reduction of man-made loads on the environment. A description of the informational software to support operational comprehensive monitoring of the filling station's planned activities was developed and provided, for which the need for its development was justified. Proposed ways to further improvement of the developed software’s effectiveness through the introduction of geoinformation systems (GIS) technologies and conducting a social risk assessment for the population that may be affected by the implementation of the filling station's activities, taking into account the peculiarities of the natural and man-made system.

Классификация показателей промышленной безопасности на опасных производственных объектах газодобывающих предприятий

Within the framework of the risk-based approach, when using the concepts of risk indicators, the issues of their application to all possible factors of influence on a hazardous production facility (HPF) are considered. The new risk indicators should cover as much as possible all types of control systems and subsystems, reflecting the likelihood of deviations from the set limits. To this end, in order to prepare a mathematical apparatus for determining industrial safety indicators (IS) used in “The system of Remote Control of Industrial Safety of Hazardous production facilities of Gazprom dobycha Astrakhan LLC”, it is necessary to classify IS indicators, determine their composition, measure, and functional properties. The peculiarity of the approach is that the assessment of the risk of an event in the field of IS is based on a system analysis of the HPF, its elements and components (technological blocks and technical devices). Accordingly, during the analytical processing of incoming HPF data as a whole, the task is to identify the prerequisites for accidents and/or incidents at an early stage in order to make decisions on operational risk assessment and forecasting the possibility of a dangerous event developing in the hierarchical structure of the HPF environmental management system at any level. This uses reliable, online (real-time) information about the current state of the control object and its components. Using a multi-factor analysis of data on the elements of the HPF, it is possible to implement proactive risk management in the field of IS (when the technical staff of the HPF is offered a tool to respond to possible emergency situations based on the analysis of the developed matrix of scenario conditions), to implement operational support for the adoption of preventive measures (solutions) to prevent accidents, pre-emergency situations and incidents.

Activity of microbicidal systems in polymorphonuclear neutrophils during the remediation of chemical weapon destruction sites

Background: The destruction of chemical weapons stored in the Russian Federation was completed in 2017. However, remediation activities at these facilities continue, including decontamination and dismantling of process equipment, rehabilitation of buildings and sites, waste disposal and burial, and land reclamation within and around the former chemical weapon destruction facilities. Upon completion of these phases, the facilities will be subject to re-profiling or complete liquidation. Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the nonspecific immune defense of military personnel engaged in remediation activities at hazardous chemical facilities. Materials and methods: This study examined the nonspecific immunity of military personnel engaged in the remediation of chemical weapon destruction facilities at Kizner, Maradykovsky, and Leonidovka. Long-term exposure to hazardous chemicals was found to induce functional impairments in polymorphonuclear neutrophils, exhibiting a phased response pattern. Results: The oxygen-dependent microbicidal activity of neutrophils, assessed using the nitroblue tetrazolium test, was significantly lower than both the control group values and standard reference ranges, regardless of occupational roles. This indicates a functional deficiency in neutrophils and their impaired activation, possibly due to environmental and occupational stress affecting this component of the immune system. Conversely, the oxygen-independent microbicidal activity, assessed using the lysosomal-cationic test, demonstrated consistent tolerance to adverse chemical factors. Assessment of neutrophil phagocytic activity in response to Staphylococcus aureus revealed a significant decrease in the number of cells capable of engulfing foreign agents compared to the control group, whereas their functional capacity remained preserved. The proportion of phagocytic cells was not associated with the degree of exposure to toxic substances. The leukocyte migration inhibition test showed functional impairments in immunocompetent cells, indicating maladaptation, which was notable in personnel with direct exposure to toxic agents. Data from the period of active operation of chemical weapon destruction facilities exhibited no improvement in immune function markers. Conclusions: This indicates that chemical disposal operations and remediation activities at hazardous facilities place a significant strain on the immune system. This requires continued monitoring with the integration of immunological surveillance into the medical support system for personnel working at hazardous chemical facilities.

ТОЧНОСТЬ ИЗМЕРЕНИЙ КАК ОСНОВА БЕЗОПАСНОЙ ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ОПАСНЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫХ ОБЪЕКТОВ

This article discusses the need to improve the accuracy of measuring instruments at hazardous production facilities

THE NEED TO TAKE INTO ACCOUNT THE INFLUENCE OF PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FACTORS ON DECISION-MAKING BY WORKERS AT HAZARDOUS PRODUCTION FACILITIES IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of accounting for the psychophysiological factors of working personnel at hazardous production facilities (HPF). The creation of preventive measures to ensure fire and industrial safety is a priority for the effective development of the oil and gas industry. During their work at HPF, personnel are exposed to various types of hazards and the issue of ensuring workplace safety is one of the key ones. In addition, the development of measures to prevent abnormal situations and prevent their escalation into emergency and emergency situations at the HPF makes it possible to ensure effective management of the safety of production processes. Responding to abnormal and emergency situations requires special mobilization of human resources, which, accordingly, also requires consideration of psychological aspects in the «human – technical system – production environment» system. The article analyzes the current level of development of approaches in terms of describing the problems of personnel training for work at HPF in various industries. The aim of the work is to study and present the problems of preventing the occurrence of emergency situations at the HPF and preventing their escalation into emergency situations by taking into account the psychophysiological factors of the facilities' employees. To conduct research on this topic, a theoretical analysis of regulatory legal acts was carried out, as well as scientific work in the field of industrial safety and occupational risk assessment. Based on these data, it has been established that the topic of accounting for the functional state of the HPF of the oil and gas complex is insufficiently studied. In addition, studies have not been conducted with the participation of the working staff who perform the bulk of the work in production. This topic is especially relevant for geographically remote facilities, in case of accidents where rapid response of rescue services of settlements is impossible. Based on the analysis, the need for a detailed study of the topic of the system of accounting for psychophysiological factors with the participation of working personnel at remote HPF has been identified.

An Empirical Study on Product Quality and Competitive Pricing as Key Factors for Business Success

This study examines the impact of product quality and competitive pricing on business success in the retail sector. A quantitative approach was employed with a survey design to collect data from 200 business owners in Jakarta a structured questionnaire measured product quality, competitive pricing, and business success. Multiple linear regression analysis assessed the relationship between the two independent variables and business success as the dependent variable. The analysis results show that product quality significantly influences business success, with a regression coefficient of 0.542, indicating that an increase of one unit in product quality will improve business success by 54.2%. Meanwhile, competitive pricing also positively impacts business success, with a coefficient of 0.318. The p-values for both variables are less than 0.05, indicating their effects are statistically significant. The regression model generated an adjusted R² value of 0.645, meaning that product quality and competitive pricing explain 64.5% of the variation in business success. Hypothesis testing confirms that both variables have a positive impact, with product quality having a more significant effect. These findings suggest that retail businesses need to enhance their product quality and set competitive prices to succeed in a competitive market. This study provides insight into the role of these two factors in achieving better business performance. Fire extinguishers, eyewashes, a first aid kit, a balance board, and a smoke detector will support the hazardous waste collection centre facility.

Prospects for the application of the industrial facility ranking method to assess radiation and chemical risks to public health and the environment

Classification and ranking of potentially hazardous chemical facilities and contaminated territories are urgent and important tasks in the field of risk management and environmental protection. The presented tasks arise in connection with the need to make decisions on increasing control over hazardous production facilities, as well as optimizing resources and reducing negative environmental impacts, which makes it possible to identify facilities with the greatest potential for danger and strengthen control over them, which contributes to improving the safety of employees, society and the environment. The study aims to substantiate the possibilities of using the method of ranking potentially dangerous chemical and radiation facilities based on literature data to assess their impact on public health and the environment. The scientists have conducted a systematic review of scientific data to substantiate methodological approaches and criteria necessary for ranking potentially dangerous chemical and radiation facilities in order to assess their risk to public health and the environment from bibliographic databases Scopus, MedLine, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, RSCI. The results of the research have made it possible to determine the specifics of accounting for the impact of industrial facilities on the environment and human health applicable to pilot facilities and territories, the possibilities of ranking activities by risk levels are shown, allowing to identify the most critical sectors and processes requiring special attention and regulation. The approaches to creating a unified information and analytical system that takes into account the impact of the environment on health are substantiated, which will make it possible to purposefully develop comprehensive programs for the prevention of morbidity in the population and assess the impact of harmful combined effects of environmental factors on health. The authors have presented criteria for the preliminary ranking of potential carcinogens (total annual emissions, weight coefficient of carcinogenic effect. In the course of their work, the scientists showed the possibilities of ranking activities by risk levels, which make it possible to identify the most critical sectors and processes that require special attention and regulation. They also presented criteria for preliminary ranking of potential carcinogens (the amount of total annual emissions, the weight coefficient of the carcinogenic effect. Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of an Ethics Committee. Limitations. Given that this study was conducted on the basis of theoretical literature data, three pilot territories are not sufficient for its practical application. In the future, it is planned to expand the number of objects and territories for ranking.

Роль радиационной гигиены в обеспечении радиационной защиты и безопасности населения и персонала на примере деятельности ФГБУ ГНЦ ФМБЦ им. А.И. Бурназяна ФМБА России

Purpose: To describe, based on our original innovative developments, the role of radiation health physics in assuring radiation safety and protection of a) the public living near operating, decommissed and remediated radiation hazardous facilities and sites; and b) nuclear wor- kers . Material and methods: The objects of the study included radiation hazardous facilities at different stages of the life cycle (operating, decommissioned, remediated), nuclear and uranium legacy sites, where samples of environmental and marine media (water, soil, vegetation, algae, bottom sediments) were collected, as well as local foodstuffs and drinking water. The samples were examined using dosimetric, radiometric, gamma-spectrometric and radiochemical methods. When studying the health status of the public living in the vicinity of these facilities, methods of radiation epidemiology were used, supplemented by our original innovative development of the health assessment. Results: The conducted long-term studies allowed not only characterizing the facilities and sites under study, but also identification the features of the spatial and temporal distribution of radioactive materials including at the nuclear legacy sites. The presence of large volumes of artificially contaminated soils has been detected, which in some cases are classified as radioactive waste in terms of their activity values. It has been shown that man-made contamination spreads into ground waters as well as into local areas of coastal marine waters. The results of public health monitoring allow us to state that radiation hazardous facilities in Russia are operating safely. Five innovative hardware, methodological and dosimetric complexes have been created to support radiation safety of workers. Conclusions: The radiation health physics is the radiation safety science developed by some generations of scientists and professionals of the SRC-FMBC. Today, this science helps to support the whole cycle of medical and health physics safety of nuclear workers and the public living in the areas affected by nuclear facilities – from the science based development to its implementation in practice. The interdisciplinary approach implemented in the SRC-FMBC helps to comprehensively solve many difficult tasks of radiation safety and protection of the public and workers.

Ecological and hygienic situation in the area of the location of a chemically hazardous facility

Introduction. The main activities of the branch of the Scientific and Production Center for Rocket Fuel Components are the production of hydrazine and utilization of rocket technology on liquid fuel. These processes are potential sources of pollution of the territories adjacent to the facility. The purpose of the work is to assess the ecological and hygienic situation in the area of the location of the facility as a priority part of ensuring the safety of the population. Materials and methods. The analysis of environmental objects was carried out on the basis of data from production control and environmental monitoring of the enterprise, materials of the MRU No. 153 of the Federal medical and biological agency of Russia, as well as the results of its own research. Results. Over the period of 2014–2020, the quality of atmospheric air in the area of influence of the facility mainly met sanitary requirements. In water samples from surface reservoirs, concentrations of specific, general industrial pollutants and metals did not exceed hygienic standards. The drinking water of the non-centralized water supply in nearby settlements mostly met the established requirements, with the exception of cases of increased barium content, which reached 1.2 MPC in the non-centralized water supply system of the village of Rumstikha. In the soil cover, the content of unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine in all samples, and dimethylamine in most cases was lower than the sensitivity of the determination method. Metal concentrations did not exceed the relevant hygienic standards. Limitations. Are due to a number of uncertainties related to incomplete information about all possible contaminants of environmental objects, as well as the insufficient sensitivity of some measurement techniques. Conclusion. It is concluded that there is no adverse impact of the economic activity of this chemically hazardous facility on the territory adjacent to the facility.

The Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) in Maternal Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has driven rapid changes in healthcare delivery worldwide, including maternal care. In Indonesia, there has been an increase in maternal and infant mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospitals and health centers are high-risk locations for the transmission of this disease. Controlling potential hazards in healthcare facilities can be achieved by using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, there has been an increased demand for PPE during the pandemic, leading to a shortage of availability. Nevertheless, PPE is a crucial component for protecting both healthcare staff and patients from COVID-19 transmission. Research related to the evaluation of PPE usage among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in maternal healthcare, is limited. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) by healthcare workers when providing maternal care in healthcare facilities in the city of Banjar, West Java. Methods: This research is a quantitative study in the form of a descriptive cross-sectional study. The minimum sample size consisted of 96 individuals, including general practitioners, midwives, nurses, and obstetricians who are currently actively providing maternal care services in healthcare facilities in the City of Banjar. Data collection was conducted using the snowball sampling method in February – March 2022, with the El-Sokkary questionnaire from 2021 as the modified instrument distributed online. Result: The research results showed that the majority of respondents were female (96,3%), worked as midwives (95,4%), were aged 25-34 years (40,3%), had 6-10 years of work experience (29,3%), and in the past two weeks, the majority worked in primary care settings (40,3%). Exposure to training and guidelines, as well as exposure to COVID-19 patients, were both considered high (grand mean 2,7 and 2,2). Healthcare facility policies indicated that the majority did not impose sanctions (75,2%) if personal protective equipment (PPE) was not used according to guidelines, and the compliance rate ranged from 65-80% (43,1%). The frequency of PPE usage was categorized as high (grand mean 3,6), with only 58,7% feeling that the availability of PPE was sufficient, with N95 masks and similar items experiencing the most shortages (73,3%). Healthcare workers' negligence was relatively low (grand mean 2,9), but the compliance with PPE usage guidelines varied from 0 to 42,8%, depending on the type of service provided. Conclusion: The types of personal protective equipment (PPE) frequently used by healthcare professionals (midwives, nurses, general practitioners, and obstetricians) include surgical masks/N95 masks, waterproof surgical gowns, face shields, goggles, headgear, protective shoes, aprons, and gloves. The overall compliance rate for the use of PPE is approximately 65-80% according to local healthcare facility regulations. The evaluation of PPE usage indicates that the compliance with PPE usage among maternal healthcare providers varies depending on the type of service provided, with the highest compliance observed in the case of delivery services for suspected/confirmed COVID-19 patients. The results of this research are expected to be considered by healthcare facilities and relevant stakeholders in documenting and providing the necessary types of PPE required by healthcare professionals in their daily practice.

Разработка алгоритма определения периодичности инспекции предохранительных устройств на основе качественного анализа риска

The most crucial aspect of the safe operation of a hazardous production facility is compliance with the industrial safety requirements established by the Federal Law № 116-FZ «On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities», federal norms and rules for industrial safety, and other documents that regulate ensuring industrial safety. Therefore, different types of devices, whose integrity and reliability must also be ensured, are used at hazardous production facilities. The matters of determination of inter-inspectional intervals are considered; Russian and international regulatory documents as to the inspection of safety devices are reviewed. The algorithm takes into account the following factors of safety device operation: working environment, corrosiveness, exposure of a safety device to vibration and pulsation, and the criticality of a safety device for personnel’s and production safety. The frequency of inspection of safety devices in accordance with the proposed algorithm does not contradict the maximum permissible intervals stipulated in API 510, API 576, and NBIC-2015; at the same time, conservatism and objectivity are preserved when determining the criticality. A direct-acting spring safety valve of direct action DN 25/50, PN20, used at hazardous production facilities of oil and gas refinery plants has been selected as an object of research. According to the calculations, the inter-inspectional interval under IPKM—2005 is 36 months (3 years), under API 510/576 is 120 months (10 years), and under the proposed algorithm is 48 months (4 years). Therefore, the proposed algorithm implies qualitative risk analysis that considers operating conditions of safety devices, which requires a high level of expertise and skills from inspecting persons. It is based on the risk assessment, which does not contradict the effective regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and therefore can be applied at hazardous production facilities. Determining frequency in accordance with the proposed algorithm will help improve the economic efficiency of operating companies and ensure an acceptable level of industrial safety.

Monitoring the safety of areas contaminated with radiation hazardous waste

Abstract The article analyzes the current situation in Ukraine with radiation hazardous waste storage facilities. The environmental and economic consequences of the problem associated with the accumulation, storage and disposal of waste are assessed. Based on the requirement for long-term preservation and compliance of radioactive waste storage facilities with current regulations and minimization of maintenance costs, a strategy for remediation of areas contaminated with radioactive waste and further management of such waste is proposed. The strategy consists of implementing a set of remediation measures on contaminated territories that allow them to be removed from maintenance and regulatory control and return these territories to free, unlimited or at least useful use by local communities or new owners. The organizational and economic mechanism for implementing the strategy for further management of radioactive waste storage facilities, which includes preparatory, selective, design, technological and monitoring stages, is considered. It is shown that monitoring of the state of territories contaminated with radiation hazardous waste is a prerequisite for both the transfer of these territories for use by new owners and their further use. The main requirement for the monitoring system is to ensure that the risk of hazardous events is reduced to an acceptable value under conditions of minimal costs for its creation and operation. A two-level structure of the monitoring system is proposed, including a basic system that provides control of radiation dose rate, transmission, storage of information, assessment of changes, risk determination, decision-making on the need for preventive measures, and an additional system that provides information necessary for continuous adjustment of the remediation process and monitoring of the state of the territories at the request of the basic system.

Требования охраны труда и промышленной безопасности при эксплуатации грузоподъемных механизмов и подъемных сооружений

The legal and normative regulation system of occupational and industrial safety for enterprises operating load-lifting mechanisms and lifting equipment, including subway escalators, passenger cable cars and funiculars, and cable-propelled material transport systems (load-lifting cranes and hoists), has been considered. The core differences between occupational safety requirements and industrial safety requirements, as well as the powers of the state control (supervision) authorities in the field of occupational and industrial safety that provide legal and normative regulation in the field of occupational and industrial safety when operating load-lifting mechanisms and lifting equipment have been discussed. Analysis of the need for availability and content of occupational safety requirements in the federal norms and rules for operating load-lifting mechanisms and lifting equipment has been conducted; the analysis has shown that the availability of occupational safety requirements in the federal norms and rules is conditioned by the requirements of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. In the current situation, within the framework of the effective legal and normative regulation of occupational and industrial safety requirements, the development of separate occupational safety rules for hazardous production facilities is not advisable, as these requirements are contained in the relevant federal norms and rules.

ANALYSIS OF ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS AT PETROCHEMICAL AND OIL AND GAS PROCESSING FACILITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

The oil and gas industry is a priority area of domestic production, but destruction and equipment failures, as well as accidents, often occur in this sector. One of the measures to reduce the risk of adverse events is the constant analysis of the causes of accidents and incidents at work, in order to take measures to prevent negative incidents in the future. However, at present, open sources provide little coverage of the results of a comprehensive analysis of accidents in recent years at production facilities in the industrial complex under study.To solve this problem, a comprehensive study of accidents and incidents at hazardous production facilities of petrochemical production in the Republic of Bashkortostan was conducted. This article presents an analysis of accidents and incidents at major hazardous production facilities in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The article analyzes the causes of incidents and provides statistical data on the number of accidents, incidents, and accidents at major oil refining companies in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The equipment most at risk of accidents has been identified. The results of a decrease in the number of incidents at petrochemical facilities through comprehensive production safety measures are summarized.

Peran Manajemen Risiko Dalam Meningkatkan Keselamatan Pasien di Fasilitas Kesehatan

Patient safety is one of the main aspects of healthcare services that must be considered to prevent harmful medical incidents. Risk management is an effective approach to identifying, analyzing, and mitigating potential hazards in healthcare facilities. This study employs a literature review method to analyze risk management strategies in enhancing patient safety. The findings indicate that the implementation of risk identification and mitigation systems, healthcare worker training, the utilization of technology such as electronic medical records, and a transparent incident reporting system can significantly reduce potentially harmful events for patients. However, the implementation of these strategies still faces several challenges, such as a lack of awareness among medical personnel, infrastructure limitations, and obstacles in changing the culture of safety in the workplace. Therefore, collaboration between medical personnel, hospital management, and the government is crucial to ensuring the effectiveness of risk management implementation in healthcare facilities. With the right strategies and commitment from various stakeholders, patient safety can be continuously improved, leading to safer and higher-quality healthcare services.

Совершенствование алгоритма оценки вероятности отказа по методике API RP 581 3rd Edition

The study considers the problem of improving the algorithm for assessing the failure probability of a process pipeline of gas condensate stabilization system of a hazardous production facility. The failure probability assessment is one of the basic components of a risk-oriented approach to the inspection of technical devices. The inspection, in turn, is a tool to ensure integrity, which is a necessary condition for industrial safety. According to the API RP 581 3rd Edition methodology, the equipment failure probability is assessed considering the degradation mechanism as well as design parameters and operating conditions. The generic failure frequency is a basic parameter of failure probability and determined for various types of equipment (vessels, tanks, pipelines) based on a vast volume of information on failures of the given type of equipment in the industry. The analysis of the practical use of the failure frequency index has shown that all the methodologies considered recommend using actual values of failure frequency indices. At the same time, there are some limitations, including the missing necessary comprehensive information base. A calculation model of dynamic registration of failures of technical devices aiming at the improvement of the algorithm of failure probability assessment based on the API RP 581 3rd Edition has been proposed. A detailed calculation procedure based on the suggested model has been provided; risk and inspection interval calculations have been performed as an example. The calculation results have been compared with conservative values; the increase of risk assessment objectivity using the dynamic model of failure frequency registration has been noticed. Improving the algorithm for assessing failure probability based on the API RP 581 3rd Edition methodology positively affects the process of ensuring a high level of industrial safety, including the integrity of technical devices.

Strategic Approach for the Elaboration of a Safety Design Basis for Nonreactor Nuclear Facilities in Brazil

A nonreactor nuclear facility (NRNF) for maritime activities is being designed as part of the Brazilian naval nuclear propulsion program. The absence of national regulations for the design and licensing of naval NRNFs presents a challenge that must be addressed. This study aims to present an initial proposal for developing a safety design basis for NRNFs in Brazil. This proposal is based on the collection and analysis of national and international standards (documentary research), as well as articles, dissertations, and theses (bibliographic research) that discuss the criteria and safety requirements relevant to the licensing and design of NRNFs. This research develops a strategy for applying U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) regulations derived from the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, “Energy,” Part 830, “Nuclear Safety Management,” in conjunction with CNEN (National Nuclear Energy Commission, Brazil) regulation NE 1.04, “Licensing of Nuclear Installations,” aligned with International Atomic Energy Agency requirements to develop a safety design basis for naval NRNFs. The first step of the proposed strategy involves categorizing facility hazards conducted in accordance with DOE-STD-1027. The process continues for facilities categorized as hazard categories 1, 2, and 3. The directive DOE O 420.1C, “Facility Safety,” and the invoked standards serve as foundational elements for developing the safety design basis. The results of this research demonstrate that the DOE regulatory framework for NRNFs is a suitable alternative to address the national regulatory gap and improve the national licensing process by incorporating the safety-in-design concept.