Hatchback Car Research Articles

Bi-stability of the Wake Flow of a Hatchback Car under Zero Yaw Angle Condition

<div>The aerodynamic performance of automobile especially drag and lift was largely determined by the wake flow, which is three-dimensional, unsteady, and turbulent. The styling of the rear back of the vehicle body has much influence on the wake flow structure, typically including squareback, notchback, and hatchback. Bi-stability of the wake flow of vehicle body makes the aerodynamic force oscillating, which affects the energy consumption and driving stability. This article investigates the bi-stability of wake flow of a hatchback SUV in full-scale automotive wind tunnel. Both aerodynamic force and surface pressure on the rear back of the vehicle were measured. Time series of aerodynamic force and pressure footprint are used to confirm the existence of bi-stability. The effects of some sensitive factors on the bi-stability have been analyzed. The results show that for the given condition with bi-stability phenomenon existing, the change of drag and lift can be 6.36% and 111%, respectively. The bi-stability of wake of the tested hatchback SUV is related to the change of flow structure in the wake of the vehicle, which can be explained by the drag crisis of hatchback vehicle under critical slant angle.</div>

Numerical Simulation of Hatchback Car with Modified Vehicle Design for the Improvement of Fuel Consumption

The continuous demand and fuel depletion in the automobile industries cause a reduction in fuel consumption, especially in a car which is a classic problem to focus on vehicle body design. The formation of drag force in the car body demands tractive force and significantly affects the engine performance and fuel consumption rate which is not advisable for enhancing aerodynamic efficiency. This paper discusses the methodology to reduce the fuel consumption rate in hatchback cars using a ‘basebleed method’. The hatchback car model with and without basebleed is numerically simulated for the various speed to study the aerodynamic coefficients. The numerical simulation is performed with the k-ε turbulence model for predicting the wake region of both car models with and without basebleed. The numerical study witnessed the hatchback car model with basebleed arrived 6% reduction in the coefficient of drag (CD) compared to without basebleed, which results in a reduction of fuel consumption rate of up to 4.33 %. The research evidence that the stability of the car is not affected while using this basebleed drag reduction method and it is studied from the resultant parameters such as coefficient of lift (CL) and coefficient of side force (CS) and for the varying yaw angle (φ). Further, the research recommends the integration of basebleed at the underbody structure in Hatchback cars to improve the engine fuel consumption without affecting its stability.

ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF MARKETING COMMUNICATION MIX ON BRAND LOYALTY OF HONDA HATCHBACK JAZZ CAR CASE STUDY AT HONDA WILTOP DEALERSHIP JAMBI CITY

The structure of the market causes any business to have been conscious of being a winner. Honda dealers Jambi City as one of the businesses that provide marketing should understand in this situation, only how to determine new targeting strategies, increase sales, but also retain customers, because they can affect the increase in revenue. This thesis is to analyze the effect of marketing communication mix on brand loyalty. products from Honda dealers Jambi City, and the elements of the marketing communication mix that have the most significant effect on customer brand loyalty in Jazz hatchback car products at Honda Jambi dealerships. Respondents to the survey were 95 people responsible for consumer brand loyalty. The data in this study are collectives with questionnaires, interviews and literature. The data analysis used in this study is statistical analysis, such as linear regression with the SPSS 16.0 software program. The results of this study show that almost all variables of the marketing communication mix in brand loyalty in purchasing, and five of them such as advertising, sales promotion, personal sales, direct marketing, publicity, are significantly influenced.

User characteristics and demand insight of hatchback car market

Since entering the automobile market of our country, although the car has experienced a short market "warm spring", it has not become the mainstream of consumption due to the influence of the traditional concept. In recent years, major car companies have innovated the shape, performance, texture and other aspects of hatchback cars to seek a breakthrough in this market segment. At the same time, with the younger and diversified needs of mainstream consumers, the traditional "bias" of hatchback may be ended by the post-90s generation, and the increasingly rational car consumption will bring new opportunities to the hatchback market. Therefore, combined with the development of the hatchback car market, understanding the characteristics of users and insight into their car purchase needs can provide certain reference for car companies' planning ideas and marketing strategies. Based on desk research, big data analysis, quantitative and qualitative research methods, this study analyzes the development and current situation of the hatchback car market, and gives in-depth insight into the characteristics and needs of hatchback car users.

Vehicle dynamics response due to the adjustment of K&C parameters with the aid of a dynamic simulator with 9 DOF and a correlated virtual model

Given the increasing use of virtual simulation in automotive vehicle designs, the correlation of virtual models is a fundamental part of the process. The present work seeks to develop a methodology for the development of virtual vehicle dynamics models correlated with kinematics and compliance (K&C) parameters for use in a real-time vehicle dynamics simulator. Aiming this and with the aid of an SPMM 5000e to obtain data from the physical vehicle and from the ADAMS/Car and VI-CarRealTime (VI-CRT) software to the development and simulation and from MATLAB to the correlation, a multibody virtual model correlated in K&C to a hatchback car, with McPherson strut and twist-beam front and rear suspensions, respectively, is developed. At the end of the work, it was observed that the correlation between the virtual model and the test vehicle was found successfully and that, therefore, the virtual simulation allows to find reliable results regarding the vehicle’s suspension and steering system behavior. Subsequently, with the tests carried out with a driver in a VI-Grade DiM 150, a real-time driver-in-the-loop simulator with 9 degrees of freedom (DOF), the model and thus the methodology is validated through the steering ratio analysis: The lateral acceleration analysis in the vehicle’s center of gravity in different maneuvers allowed to observe that the model with higher steering ratio requires greater steering wheel angle values about the model with the lowest steering ratio so that the same maneuver is performed.

Commuter exposure to fine particulate matter in private road transport modes in Salem, India

Private vehicles are high dominant mode of transport in Salem, India, since there is no any commuter personal exposure information on air pollution. This is the first pollutant exposure study in different private vehicles across Salem city. In this study, critical air pollutant of fine particulate matter, PM2.5, was measured. In addition, accumulation of CO2, concentration also assessed in closed vehicles. The measured vehicles were motorcycle, auto rickshaw, hatchback car, sedan car, sports utility vehicle car, and multi utility vehicle van. The four-wheeler (car and van) in-vehicle concentrations were assessed under four different ventilation conditions. Student?s t-test statistical analysis was carried out to determine the significance exposure level between the vehicles. It is observed that there is no statistically significant difference (p ? 0.05) between the vehicles of motorcycle and sedan, motorcycle and multi utility vehicle van, and auto rickshaw and sports utility vehicle for PM2.5 pollutant. A regression analysis shows a strong negative correlation between PM2.5 and CO2 concentration in an air-conditioning cars.

A case report on air bag induced skin burn in a road traffic injury: An experience

IntroductionAir bag deployment after high velocity trauma has been associated with burn injuries. So, we aimed to present a clinical case report associated with air bag deployment experienced by the author himself.Case presentationThe author was driving a hatchback car which collided head on with the high speeding vehicle from opposite direction. He sustained a burn injury around 4 × 3 cm in size in the flexor aspect of right forearm involving epidermis and some part of dermis which was superficial partial thickness in nature when the air bag deployment was observed at both the sides. Burn injury was healed with topical antibiotics and regular dressings with no any complications.DiscussionAir bag deployment has always been a safety measures for the road traffic injuries but the safety comes with a cost. It has been associated with burn injuries, especially chemical induced, thermal and frictional burns. Timely diagnosis of type of burn and intervention is required in order to minimize complications associated with burns.ConclusionThough burn injuries associated with air bag deployment cause less harm or complications, the companies making such commodities should explore the further options in order to develop burn injury free vehicle safety.

Exposure to particulate matter in different private commuting modes in Salem, India

In our modern world, peoples are spending more time inside the vehicles in urban areas. This study assessed one of the critical pollutant of particulate matter PM10 (aerodynamic size ≤ 10 μm) in six private vehicles: hatchback car, sedan car, sports utility vehicle (SUV) car, multi utility vehicle (MUV) van, auto rickshaw, and motorcycle. PM pollutant in car and van transport modes evaluated under four different ventilation settings (air-conditioning (AC) ON/OFF; windows closed/open). In addition, air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) also assessed in six vehicles. The maximum PM exposure concentration was recorded in an auto-rickshaw, which is 4.28 times higher than the national pollution criteria. PM concentration lowered to 3.73, 1.94, and 1.53 timesin hatchback, sedan and SUV transport modes, respectively while altering ventilation condition from windows open to windows closed (AC ON) settings. There is no statistical significant difference (p > 0.05) between the transport modes of auto rickshaw-SUV, motorcycle-MUV, and motorcycle-sedan. All PM, T and RH parameters were correlated in car (AC ON) and auto-rickshaw transports.

Simulation Analysis for Effect of Rear Structure of Hatchback Car on Rear Field Characteristics

The tail shape of the hatchback car is crucial to the rear field. To improve the tail aerodynamic design of the hatchback car, the orthogonal optimization method is used to reveal the rule of different tail structures affecting the aerodynamic drag and lift force considering their interference with each other. First, the different tail structures, such as the top, the side, the bottom and the tail structures, are analysed to reveal the influence of the wake based on the MIRA model. Then, the orthogonal optimization method is applied to investigate the tail shape optimal design considering the mutual influence of each tail structure. The aerodynamic drag coefficient and the lift coefficient are calculated to evaluate the aerodynamic characteristics in the orthogonal analysis. The results show that the angles of the rear windshield and the diffuser has a great influence on the aerodynamic drag. While the diffuser angle have the greatest influence on the lift coefficient. The influence of the rear windshield angle and roof angle is also noteworthy. In a word, the diffuser angle, the rear windshield angle and the roof angle are the key structures for the aerodynamic optimization of the tail of hatchback cars.

Flow analysis of rear end body shape of the vehicle for better aerodynamic performance

This paper discusses the aerodynamic flow characteristic of car with various rear shape car body. 80 to 90% of total aerodynamic drag will occurs from base pressure which is created by pressure difference of front and rear side of car. Increasing of pressure difference mainly occurs due to rear end shape of car while it is moving. The proper shape of car, which give less drag and better stability and handling of vehicle by creating streamline flow over the vehicle. For this study, we choose passenger cars with various rear shape such as Hatchback car, Sedan car, Square back car and Fastback car. The experimental work was done in open circuit subsonic wind tunnel with the subscale model 1:10 of all rear shape model at various velocities. The aerodynamic coefficients of drag, lift and pressure (Cd, Cl, and Cp) of car models are plotted to understand the effects of flow condition form the experimental work. The experimental results revels that the sedan car and fast back car are having better aerodynamic performance compare to other car model. And also suggest that researcher will choose better option is hatchback or square back car model for further modification of rear end body to getting better aerodynamic performance.

Kano model analysis for enhancing customer satisfaction of an automotive product for Indian market

While developing a product with array of features, developers come across variety of challenges regarding choice of features to be included in the product for enhancing the overall satisfaction of the customer. Product development team needs to decide upon the features that are absolute necessities in a customer’s conscious and the ones that would be an additional function to please the conscious beyond the expected territory. Kano model analysis is an approach to guide developers in making informed decisions regarding product features based on forecasting the sense of acceptance on the user end. The aim of this research article is to explore the features available in the current Indian automotive sector for the targeted hatchback market and to categorize the features into priority groups based on customer perception. Feedback on twenty attributes of a hatchback car is taken from target customers and analysed using Kano model. The targeted outcome of this research is to get insights on how a customer feels or mandates about any given feature related to the product and answering the important question that is there any certain necessity or requirement of the particular attribute or feature, all of which, eventually plays a decisive role in buying behavior of the customer.

New Purchase Determinants of Hatchback Car Buyers during Covid-19: A Localised Study

New Purchase Determinants of Hatchback Car Buyers during Covid-19: A Localised Study

CFD studies for energy conservation in the HVAC system of a hatchback model passenger car

ABSTRACT Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system of a passenger cabin in a vehicle is a largest auxiliary load in an automobile, apart from primary tractional load. A larger energy for HVAC system can reduce the driving range of an electric vehicle. The same condition may result in increase in fuel consumption of an engine-driven vehicle up to 25%. Excessive heating up of the passenger compartment is primarily caused by exposure of the vehicle to peak solar radiation. Energy conservation studies will reduce the energy consumption as well as initial size of cooling system. In the present work, the CFD analysis of a HVAC system in a hatchback car model has been carried out. The analysis was executed to find the baseload and temperature rise in an automobile passenger cabin without cooling. Following this, the cooling process has been implemented in the CFD model. Energy conservation measures, such as implementation of different types of insulation materials and window blinds have been carried out to study the temperature reduction by insulations and window blinds in the car cabin. The interior fluid domain of the car cabin has been modeled and simulated using ANSYS FLUENT 19.0 software. Results obtained from various simulations revealed the usefulness of the CFD simulation tool in studying the various parameters that are responsible for energy consumption in an automobile. The results taken from the simulation can be used by vehicle manufacturers for their vehicle advancement and they can develop a CFD model for optimizing the HVAC energy in an automobile.

Optimal configuration of a hatchback rear end considering drag and stability objectives

Aerodynamic load is recognized as one of the most important factors, which has significant effect on fuel consumption, vehicle performance, and stability. Designing external car body to meet aerodynamic drag and stability requirements is one of the most challenging works in vehicle development process. In this paper, optimum design of rear-end parameters for a hatchback car is studied considering both drag and lift goals. Five geometrical parameters of rear end are chosen as design variables at two levels. Interaction of these factors on drag and lift coefficients is investigated using design of experiments, and optimum level for each parameter is achieved. To reduce the number of case studies, fractional factorial design algorithm is nominated. Then, drag and lift regression equations based on important terms are derived and the relationship of these parameters with objectives are discussed. Finally, aerodynamic performance around the optimal model is reported.

Optimization of the aerodynamic drag reduction of a passenger hatchback car

An automatic optimization process is established employing computer-aided styling, computational fluid dynamics, grid deformation, an optimization method, and other digital simulation methods to reduce the computational time. Optimization was conducted for the aerodynamic shape of a hatchback car. Eight body design variables were selected after analysing the flow field. The first phase of body optimization was conducted for the front of the vehicle, the second phase for the rear of the vehicle, and the third phase for the global vehicle. Optimization reduced the front drag by 5.64%, then the rear drag by 7.21%, and finally the global drag by 10.34%, without changing the design style. There were interactions among those variables. The established process can be used in actual automotive styling.

Minimising drag coefficient of a hatchback car utilising fractional factorial design algorithm

Aerodynamic force is known as one of the most important attributes, which has significant weight on fuel consumption and vehicle performance. In this paper, minimising drag coefficient is performed...

Preliminary experimental/numerical study for the vibration annoyance control of a windshield wiper mechanical system through a Synchronized Switch Shunt Resonator (SSSR) technology

The present work focuses on the study and analysis of vibrations generated by the electrical motor of a wiper system on its support bracket referring to an hatchback vehicle passenger car. In the electric motor of the wiper system there can be present an imbalance transmitting vibrations to the main body via the support bracket. In this paper, after a short resume of available synchronized switch shunt damping methods, a preliminary experimental evalu- ation of their potential performance on noise control of the wiper system is reported. After preliminary experimental measurements of dynamic vibration by the use of vibrometer la- ser both on the real hatchback car then in laboratory environment, a numerical model has been created to evaluate deformations of the support bracket for comparison with the expe- rimental data. This work realizes the preliminary numerical/experimental characterization activity to set up a new application of a control system based on a semi-active technique, called Synchronized Switch Shunt Resonator (SSSR).

Investigation on Automotive Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of a Hatchback Car by Rear Spoiler using CFD Analysis

Investigation on Automotive Aerodynamic Drag Reduction of a Hatchback Car by Rear Spoiler using CFD Analysis

A research on the calculation method of car proportion based on image processing

The proportion of the car is one of the important parts of car styling design. The study of the car proportion is of great significance. The proportion of the car is determined by the technical conditions, functions and aesthetics. At present, there're not many studies on the area proportion of the car .There're studies on the line relationship and length, width, height proportion of the car. This paper uses computer image processing method to calculate the projected area proportion of the hatchback car. And it provides a new thinking and method for the car proportion study. The result shows that the projected area proportion values of the hatchback cars of European, American, Japanese, Korean and Chinese series on the market have a difference, but are close. And the total average projected area proportion values of car window and car body of the hatchbacks have been calculated.

Factors Affecting Buyers Decision While Purchasing Hatchback Car

Factors Affecting Buyers Decision While Purchasing Hatchback Car