Harvard University Medical School Research Articles

Martyrs May Not Feel Pain

) BURNING ALIVE must be one of the greatest physical tortures known to man. Yet the Buddhist monks and nuns who have sacrificed themselves in Viet Nam have shown nothing but serenity in the face of it. How is this possible? Do they not feel the pain, or is their control so extraordinary that they can freeze their facial muscles into a mask of nonexpression? To find an answer, SCIENCE SERVICE interviewed three research psychologists well known for their work on the reduction of pain sensation. All agreed that there is indeed a biological mechanism somewhere in the brain for blocking pain as well as other stimulation. And people can learn to use it. But scientific approaches to the phenomenon have as many angles as a problem in geometry. Some psychologists view it as auto-hypnosis, others as a of attention, and still others as a nervous system defense mechanism. Quite probably, future understanding of the higher brain centers will reveal links between all these explanations. For now, we know that the integration of pain is a high level matter in the brain, said Dr. Ernest Hilgard of Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif. It is not just the cry of an injured nerve. He said the body may show it is reacting to pain even when a person reports he is not feeling it. In other words, there is no direct relationship between the physiological and the psychological experience of pain. A good hypnotic subject can put himself in a state where he is not susceptible to pain, said Dr. Hilgard, who has been experimenting with hypnotic insensitivity to electric shock and ice water. Dr. Harold B. Crasilneck of the University of Texas' Southwestern Medical School has been using hypnosis for years as an anesthetic for severely burned patients. He said the technique is successful in allaying pain both during skin graft operations and afterward, in the form of post-hypnotic suggestion. Dr. Crasilneck believes the deep contemplation practiced by people in Eastern religions is very much akin to auto-hypnosis. But who can say that the Buddhist martyrs hypnotized themselves, in any simple sense, into feeling no pain? Viewing the problem from another angle, Dr. Asenath Petrie of Harvard University Medical School, Boston, proposed a focus of attention theory. s ,,. A tt,. , i ,,,,l,.,,

Book Reviews

Journal Article Book Reviews Get access Progress in Pyelonephritis. Edited by Kass Edward H., M.D., Ph.D., M.A., Sc.D., Director, Charming Laboratory and Department of Medical Bacteriology, Boston City Hospital; Visiting Physician for Pathology, Mallory Institute of Pathology; Associate Physician, Thorndike Memorial Laboratory, Boston City Hospital; Associate Visiting Physician, 2nd and 4th (Harvard) Medical Services, Boston City Hospital; Associate Professor of Bacteriology and Immunology, Harvard University Medical School. With 151 Contributors, xxviii and 766 pp.; with frontispieces. 346 figs.; 212 tables. $25.00. Philadelphia: F . A. Davis Company 1965. Paul Kimmelstiel Paul Kimmelstiel Milwaxikee, Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 45, Issue 4, 1 April 1966, Pages 486–487, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/45.4.486 Published: 01 April 1966

Measurement of staff attitudes and the clinical course of patients on a psychiatric ward.

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article ArticlesNo AccessMeasurement of Staff Attitudes and the Clinical Course of Patients on a Psychiatric WardSheppard G. Kellam, M.D., Jack Durell4, M.D., Richard I. Shader5, M.D.Sheppard G. Kellam3Co-Director, Woodlawn Mental Health Center; Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine; Consultant, National Institute of Mental Health. Mailing address: 841 East 63rd St., Chicago, Ill. 60637.Chicago, Ill.Search for more papers by this author, M.D., Jack Durell4Bethesda, Md.4Chief, Section on Psychiatry, Laboratory of Clinical Science, Clinical Investigations, National Institute of Mental Health.Search for more papers by this author, M.D., Richard I. Shader5Boston, Mass.5Instructor in Psychiatry, Harvard University Medical School; Senior Research Psychiatrist, Massachusetts Mental Health Center.Search for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:30 Apr 2018https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1966.20.1.169AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail PDFThis content is only available as a PDF. Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - APT - American Journal of Psychotherapy $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - APT - American Journal of Psychotherapy Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byInternational Journal of Nursing Studies, Vol. 52, No. 9Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, Vol. 31, No. 1Psychiatry, Vol. 34, No. 3Psychiatric Nursing and Occupational Therapy Volume 20Issue 1 1966, pp. 1–202Pages 169-183 Metrics PDF download History Published online 30 April 2018 Published in print 1 January 1966

SMOKING AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT

From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Miscellanea Medica

<h3>Appointments</h3> <b>Charles Davenport Cook,</b>MD, associate clinical professor of pediatrics at Harvard University Medical School has been appointed professor and chairman of the Department of pediatrics at the Yale School of Medicine. <b>Martin Lees,</b>MD, former assistant cardiologist at Montreal Children's Hospital in Montreal, Canada, was appointed associate professor of pediatrics at the University of Oregon Medical School. Before coming to Montreal, Lees was senior resident in pediatrics and a fellow in cardiology at Boston Children's Medical Center and assistant pediatrician at Charing Cross Hospital in London. <b>Joseph E. Johnson, III,</b>MD, has been appointed assistant dean for student affairs at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. Johnson will continue as assistant professor of medicine at Hopkins, in addition to his new post. <b>Douglass W. Walker,</b>MD, of Johns Hopkins, has been appointed assistant dean for administration. He will also serve as assistant professor of pediatrics. <b>Manuel J. Pearl,</b>MD, a

A practical technique for intranasal ethmoidectomy and an evaluation of its usefulness.

The LaryngoscopeVolume 69, Issue 4 p. 449-462 Article A practical technique for intranasal ethmoidectomy and an evaluation of its usefulness†‡ Francis L. Weille M.D., Francis L. Weille M.D. Boston, Mass.Search for more papers by this author Francis L. Weille M.D., Francis L. Weille M.D. Boston, Mass.Search for more papers by this author First published: April 1959 https://doi.org/10.1288/00005537-195904000-00015Citations: 3 † Read at the Meeting of the Eastern Section, American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, New York, N. Y,. Jan. 8, 1959 ‡ From the Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard University Medical School and the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume69, Issue4April 1959Pages 449-462 RelatedInformation

Some current speculations on the action of estrogens.

5OME CURRENT SPECULATIONS ON THE ACTION OF ESTROGENS CLAUDE A. VILLEE, Ph.D.* The major physiologic effects ofthe female sex hormones were recognized before the chemical structure of these substances was known. Until a few years ago it was thought that estradiol, estrone, and estriol were the only natural estrogenic compounds. In the past few years, however, several additional estrogens, i6-epiestriol, 16 o hydroxy estrone, 16 ketoestradiol -i7j3, and 2-methoxy estrone have been isolated in significant amounts from normal urine (1-3) and are known to be metabolites of estrogens. The question whether there is one "true" estrogen and several metabolites or whether there are several physiologically important estrogens remains to be settled. There have been suggestions that different species ofanimals have different physiologically active estrogens. The chemistry of the estrogens is well known (4, 5) and will not be reviewed here. There have been major advances in the past few years in our knowledge of the biosynthesis of the estrogens, but this subject has recently been reviewed extensively (6). This paper will consider some of the recent evidence and speculations regarding the mode of action of estrogens at the cellular level. I. Concept ofthe Target Organ The several tissues ofthe body exhibit marked differences in degree of response to the various hormones, especially to the sex hormones. Those tissues which respond dramatically to a hormone are termed the "target * Department ofBiological Chemistry, Harvard University Medical School. Experimental work ofthe author has been supported by grants from the Charles A. King and Marjorie King Fund, from the Association for the Aid ofCrippled Children, and by Grant C-2400 ofthe National Institutes of Health, U.S. Public Health Service. 290 Claude A. Villee · Estrogens Perspectives in Biology and Medicine · Spring 195g organs" of that hormone. It is impossible at present to define just what differentiates, at the cellular level, a target organ from other tissues ofthe body. There is evidence that each kind oftissue is characterized by a certain pattern ofenzymes which is established, by means as yet unknown, in the course of embryonic differentiation. Even though the same reaction in two different tissues may be mediated by what appears to be the same enzyme, the enzymes in the two tissues may be distinctly different and subject to different degrees ofhormonal control. Henion and Sutherland (7) have shown, for example, that the Phosphorylase ofliver responds to glucagon, whereas the Phosphorylase of muscle does not. The two enzymes appear to be immunologically distinct, for an antiserum to purified liver Phosphorylase will not react with heart muscle Phosphorylase; in contrast, the antiserum does react with liver phosphorylase to form an inactive antigen-antibody precipitate. In addition to these marked differences in the response of the several tissues of a given animal to a single hormone, differences have been observed in the response ofcomparable tissues ofdifferent species ofanimals to a standard dose ofhormone. Estrone, estriol, and certain other estrogens have been found to have different potencies relative to estradiol in different species ofmammals. II. General Theories ofHormone Action The protein, peptide, amino acid, and steroid hormones differ so widely in their chemical structure that it would seem unlikely, a priori, that they could affect the cellular machinery by comparable means. Each enzyme system is composed of the protein enzyme, its substrates and products, and its cofactors and activators. A hormone might regulate the over-all rate of an enzyme system by altering the amount or the activity of the protein enzyme or by altering the availability of one ofthe substrates or cofactors to the enzyme system. The mechanisms which have been proposed for the action ofhormones at the cellular level are as follows: (a) the hormone may alter the rate at which new enzyme molecules are produced from simpler precursors; (b)the hormone may convert an inactive form ofan enzyme to an active form, that is, it may alter the activity ofa preformed protein molecule; (c)the hormone may change the permeability ofthe cell membrane or of the membrane around one ofthe subcellular structures, such as the mito291 chondria, and thus make substrate or cofactor molecules more readily available to the enzyme; (d) the hormone may be involved directly in the reaction...

PATHOLOGY OF PREGNANCY

Department of Environmental Medicine and Community Health, State University Medical Center at New York, the Department of Pathology, Harvard University Medical School and the Pathology Laboratory, Boston Lying-in Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University School of Public Health, Boston, Mass.

Interaction of steroid compounds and single cells. I. Morphological effects.

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 56, Issue 4 p. 704-714 INTERACTION OF STEROID COMPOUNDS AND SINGLE CELLS: I: MORPHOLOGICAL EFFECTS Lawrence M. Leonard, Lawrence M. Leonard Department of Preventive Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MassachusettsSearch for more papers by this authorDavid D. Rutstein, Corresponding Author David D. Rutstein Department of Preventive Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts†With the technical assistance of Jane H. McIntyre and C. Evans Roberts. Especial thanks are due to Katherine H. Hendrie who prepared the tables and the chart.Search for more papers by this author Lawrence M. Leonard, Lawrence M. Leonard Department of Preventive Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MassachusettsSearch for more papers by this authorDavid D. Rutstein, Corresponding Author David D. Rutstein Department of Preventive Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts†With the technical assistance of Jane H. McIntyre and C. Evans Roberts. Especial thanks are due to Katherine H. Hendrie who prepared the tables and the chart.Search for more papers by this author First published: July 1953 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1953.tb27393.xCitations: 6 This study was made possible by Research Grants Nos. 23 and 23C from the Helen Hay Whitney Foundation. Acknowledgment is made to the following manufacturers for a supply of the crystalline steroids used in this study: Ayerst, McKenna and Harrison, Ltd., Montreal, Canada; Ciba Pharmaceutical Products, Summit, N. J.; G. D. Searle and Co., Chicago, Ill.; Merck and Co., Rahway, N. J.; Schering Corp., Bloomfield, N. J. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume56, Issue4Mechanism of Corticosteroid Action in Disease ProcessesJuly 1953Pages 704-714 RelatedInformation

Principles of Internal Medicine. By T. R. HARRISON (Editor-in-Chief), M.D., Southwestern Medical College; with PAUL B. BEESON, M.D., Emory University Medical School; WILLIAM H. RESNIK, M.D., Stamford, Conn.; GEORGE W. THORN, M.D., Harvard University Medical School; M. M. WINTROBE, M.D., University of Utah Medical College; and 48 contributing authors. Cloth. Price $15.00. Pp. 1,590 with 245 illustrations. The Blakiston Company,

Principles of Internal Medicine. By T. R. HARRISON (Editor-in-Chief), M.D., Southwestern Medical College; with PAUL B. BEESON, M.D., Emory University Medical School; WILLIAM H. RESNIK, M.D., Stamford, Conn.; GEORGE W. THORN, M.D., Harvard University Medical School; M. M. WINTROBE, M.D., University of Utah Medical College; and 48 contributing authors. Cloth. Price $15.00. Pp. 1,590 with 245 illustrations. The Blakiston Company,

The Treatment of Injuries to the Nervous System. By DONALD MUNRO, M.D., F.A.C.S., Surgeon-in-Chief, Department of Neurosurgery, the Boston City Hospital; Associate Professor of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine; Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery, Harvard University Medical School. Cloth. Price $7.50. Pp. 284 with 47 illustrations. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 1952

The Treatment of Injuries to the Nervous System. By DONALD MUNRO, M.D., F.A.C.S., Surgeon-in-Chief, Department of Neurosurgery, the Boston City Hospital; Associate Professor of Neurosurgery, Boston University School of Medicine; Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery, Harvard University Medical School. Cloth. Price $7.50. Pp. 284 with 47 illustrations. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. 1952

Invitation to the Annual Meeting

The Thirty-eighth Annual Meeting of the Radiological Society of North America will be held at the Netherland-Plaza Hotel, Cincinnati, Ohio, Dec. 8 through Dec. 12, 1952. As your President and in behalf of your officers and the members of the many committees who are working diligently to make this meeting a success, I cordially invite you to the 1952 meeting and urge you to attend. The General Program of the Radiological Society will be presented in the Netherland-Plaza Hotel. Each day, Monday through Friday, beginning at 8:30 A.M. and closing at 10: 00 A.M., Refresher Courses will be held. These will be followed by Scientific Sessions starting at 10: 30 each morning and closing at 12: 30 P.M. The afternoon Sessions will begin at 2: 00 P.M. and close at 4: 30 P.M. except on Friday, when there will be a single Scientific Session closing at 1: 00 P.M. Executive Business Sessions will be held Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday at 4:30 P.M. A feature of this year's meeting will be an historical lecture on the life of Walter Bradford Cannon by George W. Holmes, M.D., Emeritus Professor of Radiology of the Harvard University Medical School, Past Director of the Department of Radiology of the Massachusetts General Hospital, and now head of the Department of Radiology of the Waldo County Memorial Hospital, Belfast, Maine. Dr. Holmes is well known to most of us and is one of the greatest of American radiologists. Radiation physicists, biologists, and other allied scientists have contributed greatly to the development of the science of Radiology, and many are and long have been valued members of our Society. Our program this year will differ from previous ones in that a separate Section Meeting for the Allied Scientists will be held at the Sheraton-Gibson Hotel each morning, beginning Tuesday and extending through Friday. This division of our Program will include Refresher Courses, three in number, each morning, starting at 8: 30 and continuing until 10: 00 A.M. A General Session consisting of papers and discussions will follow, beginning at 10: 30 A.M. and closing at 1: 00 P.M. Although the work of this Section is directed primarily toward the Allied Scientists, many of the Refresher Courses and presentations unquestionably will be of great interest to a significant number of physicians specializing in Radiology. The Refresher Courses have been planned under the able leadership of Edith H. Quimby, Sc.D., of Columbia University, New York, and a Scientific Program of wide interest and highest quality has been arranged by Lauriston S. Taylor, Ph. D., of the Bureau of Standards, Washington, D. C. A Local Committee, with Mrs. Harold Reineke of Cincinnati as Chairman, has planned an interesting program for the visiting ladies. The Annual Banquet will be held Thursday evening. Appropriate entertainment will be a feature, and the occasion will be such that all will wish to attend.

X-RAY VISUALIZATION OF THE PLACENTA

Boston Lying-In Hospital and the Dept. of Obstetrics of Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Mass. Am. J. Obst. & Gynec., 58: 15, 1949

X-RAY VISUALIZATION OF THE PLACENTA

Boston Lying-In Hospital and the Dept. of Obstetrics of Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Mass. Am. J. Obst. & Gynec., 58: 15, 1949

Dynamics of Inflammation: An Inquiry into The Mechanism of Infectious Processes

Journal Article Dynamics of Inflammation: An Inquiry into The Mechanism of Infectious Processes Get access Dynamics of Inflammation: An Inquiry into The Mechanism of Infectious Processes. By Valy Menkin, Department of Pathology, Harvard University Medical School. Boston. Cloth. Price, $4.50. Pp. 244, with 50 illustrations. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1940. Physical Therapy, Volume 21, Issue 2, March 1941, Page 124, https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/21.2.124 Published: 01 March 1941

EFFECT OF ADRENAL CORTEX EXTRACT ON CAPILLARY PERMEABILITY

ArticleEFFECT OF ADRENAL CORTEX EXTRACT ON CAPILLARY PERMEABILITYValy MenkinValy MenkinFrom the Department of Pathology, Harvard University Medical School, BostonPublished Online:31 May 1940https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1940.129.3.691MoreSectionsPDF (834 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInEmailWeChat Previous Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation More from this issue > Volume 129Issue 3May 1940Pages 691-697 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1940 by American Physiological Societyhttps://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1940.129.3.691History Received 13 February 1940 Published online 31 May 1940 Published in print 31 May 1940 Metrics

Preparation of Antienic Material Inducing Leucopenia from Eberthella typhosa Cultured in a Synthetic Medium

SummaryAn antigenic substance has been isolated from cultures of E. typhosa grown in a synthetic medium. Appropriate amounts kill mice and rabbits and smaller quantities induce a leucopenia and fever in rabbits.The author wishes to acknowledge with gratitude the advice of Drs. J. F. Enders, J. H. Mueller, Y. Subbarow and M. A. Logan of the Harvard University Medical School.

Transactions of the American Society of Tropical Medicine, Thirty-Fourth Annual Meeting

The first session of the Society was called to order at 2 p.m., Tuesday, November 15, in the Municipal Auditorium, by President Mark F. Boyd, Tallahassee, Florida. The program of papers follows. 1. Asa C. Chandler, Houston, Texas. “Speculations on the nature of immunity in helminthic infections.” Discussed by Doctors Hudson, Faust, Coggeshall and Chandler. 2. The Third Charles Franklin Craig Lecture on Tropical Medicine. Dr. Richard P. Strong, Professor of Tropical Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. “Progress in the study of infections due to Bartonella and Rickettsia.” 3. Frederick J. Brady and Willard H. Wright, Washington, D. C. “Studies on oxyuriasis. XVIII. The symptomatology of oxyuriasis as based on physical examinations and case histories on 200 patients.” Read by Dr. Brady. Discussed by Dr. Z. Bercovitz, New York City. 4. E. B. Cram and M. O. Nolan, Washington, D. C. “Studies on oxyuriasis. XIX. Examinations of children in a private nursery school over an 18-month period.” Read by Dr. Brady. Discussed by Dr. Bercovitz.

ANTICONVULSIVE ACTION OF VITAL DYES

At different times during the past ten years the problem of cerebral anoxemia and its relation to certain convulsive phenomena has been studied in the laboratories of the department of neuropathology of the Harvard University Medical School.1A search was begun in 1935 for a stain which might act as an indicator of slight and early asphyxial changes in the nerve cells of the brain and spinal cord. It was observed that neutral red, injected intraperitoneally into mice, could be seen in the ventral horn cells of the spinal cord. This observation was definite, though rare. Asphyxia of the mice with nitrogen caused no increase in the amount of dye taken up by the ventral horn cells. In order to see the effect of the increased motor activity, we then planned to give the animals convulsant drugs. Accordingly, a study was begun by one of us (J. N.) in

Toxicology in a General Hospital

Toxicology in a General Hospital Get access Dale G. Friend Dale G. Friend From the Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School,and the Laboratories of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Mass. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 8, Issue ts2_4, July 1938, Pages 113–127, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/8.ts2_4.113 Published: 01 July 1938 Article history Received: 14 December 1937 Published: 01 July 1938