Harvard University Medical School Research Articles

Insights Into Genome-Wide Association Study for Diabetes: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis From 2001 to 2021.

Hundreds of research and review articles concerning genome-wide association study (GWAS) in diabetes have been published in the last two decades. We aimed to evaluate the hotspots and future trends in GWAS in diabetes research through bibliometric analysis. Accordingly, 567 research and review articles published between 2001 and 2021 were included. A rising trend was noted in the annual number of publications and citations on GWAS in diabetes during this period. Harvard University and Harvard Medical School have played leading roles in genome research. Hotspot analyses indicated that DNA methylation and genetic variation, especially in type 2 diabetes mellitus, are likely to remain the research hotspots. Moreover, the identification of genetic phenotypes associated with adiposity, metabolic memory, pancreatic islet, and inflammation is the leading trend in this research field. Through this review, we provide predictions on the main research trends in the future so as to shed light on new directions and ideas for further investigations on the genetic etiology of diabetes for its prevention and treatment.

Enlightenment of the training model of orthopedic residents in the US to orthopedics education in China

This article reviews the training model of orthopedic residents in the world's top orthopedic hospitals, such as Hospital for Special Surgery Affiliated to Cornell University and The Affiliated Hospital of Harvard University Medical School, and it is found that there are differences between China and the US in the training of orthopedic residents in the aspects of the admittance system of physicians, the setting of training contents, and the training model of orthopedic residents. The training of orthopedic residents in the US adheres to the concept of elite education and pays attention to the construction of tutors and learning atmosphere. The enlightenment to the training of orthopedic residents in China includes further clarification of the training objectives of orthopedic residents, improvement of the stage-based training system, integration of excellent medical teaching resources, and improvement of teaching methods and assessment systems. Key words: The US; Orthopedics; Resident; Training

Ever-evolving: introducing the Medical Heritage Library, Inc.

The Medical Heritage Library, Inc. (MHL), is a collaborative digitization and discovery organization committed to providing open access to history of medicine and health resources. Since its founding in 2010, it has aspired to be a visible, research-driven history of medicine and health community that serves a broad, interdisciplinary constituency. The MHL’s goal is to make important historical medical content, derived from leading medical libraries, available online free of charge and to simplify and centralize the discovery of these resources. To do so, it has evolved from a digitization collaborative of like-minded history of medicine libraries, special collections, and archives to an incorporated entity seeking not just to provide online access to digital surrogates, but also to embrace the challenges of open access, the retention and use of records containing health information about individuals, and service to the digital humanities. This organizational expansion was further spurred by the MHL’s recently completed National Endowment for the Humanities grant, “Medicine at Ground Level: State Medical Societies, State Medical Journals, and the Development of American Medicine” (PW-228226-15), which received additional financial support from Harvard Medical School and the Arcadia Fund through the Harvard University Library.

Joseph Edward MURRAY - American surgeon-transplant surgeon, academician of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States (to the 100th of birthday)

Joseph Murray was born in 1919 in the USA. He graduated from the College of the Holy Cross and Harvard University Medical School. He developed his own method of kidney transplantation, proposed to reduce the risk of immune rejection of the organ by performing closely related transplants. In 1954, D. Murray completed the first successful kidney transplant in the world from a twin brother, in 1959 from an unrelated donor, in 1962 from a deceased donor. In 1971, Murray returned to the study of plastic surgery, being the chief plastic surgeon at the Children's Hospital of Boston from 1972 to 1985. In 1986, he left the surgical practice, having the honorary title of professor at Harvard University Medical School. In 1990, Joseph Murray, along with Edward Thomas was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine. In the same year, Joseph Murray was admitted to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, in 1993 - the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. Joseph Edward Murray died in 2012 in the city of Boston.

Advantages of Yoga for Sport

Currently, Yoga enjoys widespread professional use for many purposes, particularly for its medical applications. Medical applications of meditation have been explored since 1970 [1,2], following successful research on Transcendental Meditation (TM) at UCLA and the Harvard University Medical School, and found most effective. Yoga Medicine was founded in Bangalore in 1985, with applications to asthma [3,4], and has since been applied to many medical conditions, e.g. [5-7], including many of interest to sports science [8-10]. Here we discuss Yoga’s potential applications to physical fitness, injury prevention and stress reduction.

Nancy Kishlar Mello.

Nancy Kishlar Mello.

Editorial: farewell and thanks

Completing my 20th year as the Editor-in-Chief of J. Biomol. NMR, when the Journal reached again an impact factor above 3.0, seemed to be a good point in time to hand the governance of the Journal over to a successor. Our publisher has suggested Prof. Gerhard Wagner of the Harvard University Medical School for the position, and fortunately Dr. Wagner has responded positively to this call. Below you will find Professor Wagner’s welcome address with information on his outlook to the future development of J. Biomol. NMR. For me it remains to say ‘good-bye’ and thank all who have helped to steer and support J. Biomol. NMR during the last two decades, and to wish full success to Gerhard Wagner for a flourishing future development of the Journal of Biomolecular NMR.

Scenes from the Past

Review Although this pioneering book was of its time, it was also ahead of its time in many of its approaches to pediatric radiology. Rotch, professor of pediatrics at Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, selected the large number of pertinent plates provided by Dr Arial W. George to illustrate the use of medical images (they called them roentgenograms then) in the practice of pediatrics and child health care. Rotch emphasized a physician’s need to know the normal pattern to be able to recognize the abnormal. The textbook contained a generous selection of plates of normal hands and wrists that were intended to show the gradual maturation of bones during childhood. Rotch anticipated by decades the various methods for bone age determination now in use in pediatric radiologic practice. The book also included a chapter on living normal anatomy, which emphasized the generic parts of bone, including the roentgenographically unseen periosteum, and the patterns of normal bone growth. Newborns and metabolic disease (as then understood) received separate chapters

Letters: Andrew Seidman, Clifford Hudis, and Eric Winer on the Point-Counterpoint on Dosing for Paclitaxel for Ovarian Cancer (11/25/09 issue); Letters: Simone's OncOpinion: 'Professional Professional Careers for ‘Old’ Guys (12/10/09 issue), by Leonard Zwelling MD; Letters: “Advances in Bone Biology Research Setting Stage for New Cancer Therapies” (11/25/09 issue), by W. Reid Pitts, Jr., MD

Letters: Andrew Seidman, Clifford Hudis, and Eric Winer on the Point-Counterpoint on Dosing for Paclitaxel for Ovarian Cancer (11/25/09 issue); Letters: Simone's OncOpinion: 'Professional Professional Careers for ‘Old’ Guys (12/10/09 issue), by Leonard Zwelling MD; Letters: “Advances in Bone Biology Research Setting Stage for New Cancer Therapies” (11/25/09 issue), by W. Reid Pitts, Jr., MD

Alzheimer's Video Is Worth 1,000 Words in Care Planning

CHICAGO — Elderly persons shown a video depiction of advanced Alzheimer's disease are less likely to opt for life-prolonging care, compared with those who listen to a verbal description. A multicenter, prospective trial randomized 200 community-dwelling adults aged at least 65 years (mean 75 years) to one of two interventions and then compared their preferences for advanced care if they were in a state of dementia. In all, 106 participants listened to a standardized verbal description of stage 7 Alzheimer's. The other 94 participants listened to the verbal description and viewed a 2-minute video of a real patient with features of stage 7 Alzheimer's and her family. (The video can be viewed online at www.ACPdecisions.com.) Among those hearing only the verbal description, 68% preferred comfort care, 17% chose limited care, 13% wanted care that would prolong their life, and 2% were uncertain. Among those receiving both the verbal narrative and the video, 87% preferred comfort care, 8% chose limited care, 4% desired life-prolonging care, and 1% were undecided, Angelo E. Volandes, MD, said at the annual meeting of the American Geriatrics Society. “Most patients don't have experience with advanced disease,” he said. “Video may promote preferences for comfort care by providing more realistic expectations of dementia.” Preferences also appear more stable when made with the assistance of video. After 6 weeks, 27 (29%) of 94 participants interviewed in the verbal group changed their preferences, compared with only 5 (6%) of 84 participants in the video group said Dr. Volandes, an internal medicine physician with Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, both in Boston. “The use of innovative videos in end-of-life decision-making and advance care planning discussions is relatively new,” Dr. Volandes said in an interview. “Further work and studies are needed to examine the implementation of these videos in clinical practice before they can become the standard of care for advance care planning.” Dr. Volandes acknowledged that the study did not use real patients with a dementia diagnosis, and did not include Hispanics or Asians, although he said that similar findings have been observed in his previous research with Hispanics. The convenience sample, selected from two primary care and two geriatric clinics, was 58% female, 29.5% African American, and had a score of 7 or higher on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. Overall, 68% of the verbal group and 73% in the video group had a 9th-grade or higher level of health literacy on the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine test. Dr. Volandes, who received a new investigator award for his work by the American Geriatrics Society, disclosed no conflict of interest for himself or his associates. The study was sponsored by the Alzheimer's Association, John A. Hartford Foundation, and the Foundation for Informed Medical Decision Making. Patrice Wendling is with the Chicago bureau of Elsevier Global Medical News.

Perceived Need for Mental Health Care and Service Use Among Adults in Western Europe: Results of the ESEMeD Project

Perceived Need for Mental Health Care and Service Use Among Adults in Western Europe: Results of the ESEMeD Project

An Interview with Michael M. Gottesman, M.D.

Dr. Michael Gottesman obtained his M.D. from Harvard University Medical School, completed his internship and residency in medicine at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston, and received his postdoctoral research training in molecular genetics with Martin Gellert at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). After a year as an assistant professor in the Department of Anatomy at Harvard, he moved to the NIH in 1976. He currently serves as the NIH Deputy Director for Intramural Research as well as Chief of the Laboratory of Cell Biology.

Aberrant lipogenesis.

Aberrant Lipogenesis Get access David G. Cogan, M. D., David G. Cogan, M. D. Howe Laboratory of Ophthalmology Harvard University Medical School Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Toichiro Kuwabara, M. D. Toichiro Kuwabara, M. D. Howe Laboratory of Ophthalmology Harvard University Medical School Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Boston, Massachusetts Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nutrition Reviews, Volume 18, Issue 8, August 1960, Pages 225–227, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1960.tb01782.x Published: 01 August 1960

Drosophila Proteome; Exome Re-sequencing; Sequencing in Nanopores

BioTechniquesVol. 46, No. 1 NIH Grant WatchOpen AccessDrosophila Proteome; Exome Re-sequencing; Sequencing in NanoporesK. Nybo† & B. Perry††K. Nybo††is assistant editor at BioTechniques.Search for more papers by this author & B. Perry††††is president of NIH Sales, Rockville, MD.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:25 Apr 2018https://doi.org/10.2144/000113054AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInReddit BioTechniques and NIH Sales reviewed grants made by the National Institutes of Health during 2008. Here are some highlights from among the largest R01 and R03 grants awarded last year.The Protein Complex Map of the Drosophila Proteome, $2,182,909(5R01HG003616-04, National Human Genome Research Institute)Spyridon Artavanis-Tsakonas (Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA)Goal: To completely map protein interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. This will be accomplished by isolation of purified proteins that complex with tagged proteins and mass spectrometric analysis.Development and Implementation of Genome-wide Exome Re-sequencing for Medical Genetics, $1,784,943(1R01HL095045-01, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute)Stacey Gabriel (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA)Goal: To optimize and validate a cost-effective approach for whole-exon sequencing that will be used to sequence hundreds of samples at production scale. Next-generation sequencing technology will be employed. Data acquired from this project will facilitate broad, unbiased surveys of DNA-based variation in disease at a large enough scale to disclose statistically significant correlations.Electronic Sequencing in Nanopores, $1,685,766(2R01HG003703-04 and 5R01HG003703-03, National Human Genome Research Institute)Daniel Branton and Jene Golovchenko (Harvard University, Cambridge, MA)Goal: To create a nanopore detector chip for an instrument that generates base-dependent electronic signals from single strands of DNA as they pass through carbon nanotube probes. Inclusion of the resulting nanopores in the sequencing machine will resolve approximately 104 bases per second, allowing high quality sequencing of a mammalian genome within 20 hours for $1000.Tetrahymena Genome Sequencing Project, $1,373,429(7R01GM067012-04, National Institute of General Medical Sciences)Jonathan Eisen (University of California, Davis, Davis, CA)Goal: To complete whole-genome shotgun-sequencing, assembly, and annotation of the T. thermophila genome. Specifically, the project will result in sequence of high enough quality for post-genomic analysis, discovery of all genes, identification of putative genes, and prediction of gene function. The data will be immediately released on a TIGR website, a manually-curated Tetrahymena Genome Database, and a Tetrahymena-specific section on the NCBI website.Automated Alignment of MRI Rodent Brain to Sterotaxic Atlases, $175,750(1R03EB008134-01A1, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and BioEngineering)Joseph Madeville (Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA)Goal: To modify an optimized functional rodent MRI analysis scheme for open source distribution to the research community. The software resulting from this project will automate registration of MRI data to standardized stereotaxic coordinates and provide the means for transcribing anatomic regions based on histological atlases. This software will enable the use of extensive analysis packages developed for human MRI for rodent data.Application of Bioinformatics to Retinal Gene Regulation, $159,658(5R03EY015684-03, National Eye Institute)Jiang Qian (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD)Goal: To develop two algorithms for deciphering the transcriptional regulatory networks associated with retinal gene expression. Completion of the program will identify cis-regulatory motifs and predict transcription factor targets in retinal gene expression. Once established, these regulatory networks will be integrated with microarray data for prediction of transcription factor targets.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 46, No. 1 Follow us on social media for the latest updates Metrics History Published online 25 April 2018 Published in print January 2009 Information© 2009 Author(s)PDF download

Psychiatry Grand Rounds

Steven L. Ablon is an associate clinical professor of psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, as well as a poet. He has published three collections of poetry, most recently Blue Damsels (Peter E. Randall Publisher, 2005). Contact author: [email protected]. Art of Nursing is coordinated by Sylvia Foley, senior editor: [email protected].

Emerging Technology Offers Clearer Pictures of the Heart

Getting a high-resolution picture of the interior of a coronary artery is difficult: to take a scan using existing technology, the heart has to be kept free of blood for 30 seconds. A new approach could dramatically reduce the time required for imaging, making it safer and easier for doctors to check stents for stability and keep track of new scar tissue.The new method builds on a technique called optical coherence tomography (OCT). This high-resolution medical imaging system has been in use in ophthalmology for more than a decade and is occasionally used to scan coronary arteries. OCT is problematic because it cannot see through blood, so any area being scanned has to be flushed with saline. During the procedure, a special balloon blocks incoming blood, which can cause damage to the tissue.Two U.S. companies are working individually on a scanning method that would take a fraction of the time, greatly reducing the risk of damage to the heart, and a number of companies are working on improving OCT using a formula known as the Fourier domain.This mathematical formula is used to process a complex signal so that it can be differentiated into its component parts and analyzed. For OCT, this means that multiple wavelengths of data can be gathered simultaneously rather than sequentially, an improvement on previous generations of the technology. Sometimes called optical Fourier-domain imaging, this method substantially reduces the time required to perform a scan. Traditional OCT scanning requires multiple exposures of light aimed at specific points to make a full image. Fourier domain OCT exposes the entire area at once, reducing the time required to obtain a section from 30 seconds to two seconds. This reduction dramatically reduces the associated risks of the procedure. In two seconds, an area of artery 40 millimeters to 50 millimeters in size can be scanned, with an accompanying improvement in scanning resolution down to 10 microns.Optical Fourier domain imaging is “a fairly well-established approach in principle,” says Thomas Milner, associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of Texas, “and it's just starting to work its way into instruments that will be on the market soon.”An initial application for this technology will be to image stents after insertion to ensure they haven't shifted. A stent is an artificial buttress placed in an artery to keep it open, allowing the blood to flow freely. Research from Harvard University Medical School has shown that stent prolapsing can occur with shifts of less than 100 microns. The increased accuracy of OCT technology allows doctors to observe how well the stent is adhering to the arterial walls and to track small amounts of endothelial regrowth. It could also be used postoperatively to check healing. The resolution of this scan is fine enough to allow doctors to identify small but significant plaque deposits that existing technology might overlook. The technology could also be used to carefully target biopsies, as cancerous cells could be identified in much smaller quantities than currently possible.

NIH Grant Watch

Once again, BioTechniques and NIH Sales have reviewed National Institutes of Health grant records to discover how investigators are deploying research technology. This month, we reviewed 2385 grants employing microarray technology. These research projects won $948.4 million in grant support, from a high of $9.8 million to three grants listed at $1 each (perhaps an error), or as little as $2,339. The National Cancer Institute led the fi eld in supporting microarray-based research, funding 21.3% of the total, followed by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (13.2%), and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (11.2%). Featured here are some of the projects that received the highest levels of support.

Ethnocultural Variations in Mental Illness Discourse: Some Implications for Building Therapeutic Alliances

Ethnocultural Variations in Mental Illness Discourse: Some Implications for Building Therapeutic Alliances

Thoracic surgery. By Richard H. Sweet, M.D., Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery, Harvard University Medical School. Second Edition. 6½ × 10 in. Pp. 381 + xxv, with 159 illustrations. 1954. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Co. 50s

Thoracic surgery. By Richard H. Sweet, M.D., Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery, Harvard University Medical School. Second Edition. 6½ × 10 in. Pp. 381 + xxv, with 159 illustrations. 1954. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Co. 50s

Thoracic Surgery. By Richard H. Sweet, M.D., Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery, Harvard University Medical School. Illustrations by Torge Rodriguez Arroyo, M.D. 6⅜ × 9⅝ in. Pp. 345 + xx, with 155 illustrations. 1950. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Co. 50s

Thoracic Surgery. By Richard H. Sweet, M.D., Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery, Harvard University Medical School. Illustrations by Torge Rodriguez Arroyo, M.D. 6⅜ × 9⅝ in. Pp. 345 + xx, with 155 illustrations. 1950. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Saunders Co. 50s