System Harmonics Research Articles

Power Quality and Break-Even Points in the Use of Electric Motorcycles in the Case of the Thailand Residential Building

The use of electric motorcycles (EMCs) is rapidly increasing because EMCs are comparable in price to internal combustion engine motorcycles (ICE motorcycles), can be charged at home, and do not cause pollution. However, using EMCs in residential electrical systems is still a new issue in Thailand, as the Thai power grid was not originally designed to support electric vehicle charging. Therefore, the effect that may occur on the electrical system of a house should be studied. In this study, the power quality when charging an EMC in a residential electrical system is investigated by considering the circuits of various electrical devices according to their actual consumption behavior. Three electric motorcycles with battery capacities of 20, 30, and 40 Ah were used to investigate the effects of charging these motorcycles through the electrical system of a house. The experiment was conducted in a laboratory that replicated the electrical system of a house, and the conditions and patterns of power consumption were identical in all three cases. The test results were considered in terms of power quality, voltage harmonics, and current power system harmonics to analyze the effects on the electrical system in each circuit and to compare the charging differences of each motorcycle model. Next, it was determined that using an EMC is more cost-effective than using an ICE motorcycle. ICE motorcycles will eventually be completely replaced by EMCs, and our research will enable informed decision-making for electric motorcycle riders, researchers, and automotive corporations.

Analysis of power grid operation modes considering the influence of tooth harmonics

A harmonic analysis of the magnetic field of an asynchronous motor was carried out, taking into account bilateral gearing and magnetic asymmetry of the air gap. The spectrum is obtained in the form of infinite series of spatio-temporal harmonic components. Magnetic asymmetry of an asynchronous motor takes into account static and dynamic eccentricity, magnetic asymmetry of steel. 27 different spatial harmonics of the field in the air gap of the induction motor were obtained. The considered spectrum of harmonics of the magnetic field will be induced in the stator windings by the electromotive force with the corresponding frequencies. The fields with γр ± κ pairs of poles rotate asynchronously with the rotor and are damped by the fields created by the currents of the rotor cage. Thus, the magnetic asymmetry affects the spatial harmonics of the magnetic field, changing the angular velocities of their rotation in the air gap. The appearance of magnetic asymmetry causes a redistribution of the spatio-temporal distribution of the harmonics of the magnetic field of the tooth frequency, which leads to a change in the amplitude and phase relationships between the quantities. This leads to the appearance of an asymmetric system of electromotive force of tooth frequency in the stator windings, and, therefore, to a different effect of the asymmetry of the air gap at the level of symmetrical components. In the general case, at the level of symmetric components, the electromotive force of the gear frequency is influenced by two groups of factors that determine asymmetric or different from the nominal operating modes of an asynchronous motor of the same size. An increase in the magnetic asymmetry of the air gap causes a nonlinear, close to parabolic character of the growth of the existing symmetrical components. Symmetric components of the electromotive force of the toothed frequency cause currents of the corresponding components to flow through the closed circuits of the stator windings of the asynchronous motor and the entire power supply system. The calculation scheme for replacing a three-phase network for toothed harmonics of electromotive force is given. The phase resistances of the windings of rotating electric machines for asymmetric three-phase networks are not the same for different sequences. The main method of calculating the considered network is the method of symmetrical components. The calculation is made for one main phase according to the substitution schemes, which corresponds to the symmetrical components of the electromotive force of the tooth frequency. As a result of theoretical studies, functional dependences of the influence of magnetic asymmetry on the level and distribution of phase currents of the toothed frequency were obtained. The nature of the influence at the level of symmetric components is close to parabolic, and the most sensitive to changes in magnetic asymmetry is the minor symmetric component of the zero sequence. The method of calculating the currents and voltages of the toothed frequencies of asynchronous motors in the conditions of power consumption has been developed. Theoretical propositions are confirmed by experimental studies. It has been established that the levels of toothed harmonics in power supply systems, as a rule, do not exceed 10–15 % of the level of the fundamental frequency. This leads to a decrease in the reliability of the operation of electrical networks and a shortening of the service life of the main energy equipment at the enterprise. However, frequency-amplitude resonance at tooth frequencies causes the greatest threat to the power plants of industrial enterprises. This is due to the specific nature of gear harmonics of asynchronous motors (parity, dependence on load and various technological factors). The biggest threat arises when using the same type of asynchronous motors with similar operating modes. Oscillograms of experimental studies are given.

Data-driven decision-making in maintenance management and coordination throughout the asset life cycle: an empirical study

PurposeWith production systems become more digitized, data-driven maintenance decisions can improve the performance of production systems. While manufacturers are introducing predictive maintenance and maintenance reporting to increase maintenance operation efficiency, operational data may also be used to improve maintenance management. Research on the value of data-driven decision support to foster increased internal integration of maintenance with related functions is less explored. This paper explores the potential for further development of solutions for cross-functional responsibilities that maintenance shares with production and logistics through data-driven approaches.Design/methodology/approachFifteen maintenance experts were interviewed in semi-structured interviews. The interview questions were derived based on topics identified through a structured literature analysis of 126 papers.FindingsThe main findings show that data-driven decision-making can support maintenance, asset, production and material planning to coordinate and collaborate on cross-functional responsibilities. While solutions for maintenance planning and scheduling have been explored for various operational conditions, collaborative solutions for maintenance, production and logistics offer the potential for further development. Enablers for data-driven collaboration are the internal synchronization and central definition of goals, harmonization of information systems and information visualization for decision-making.Originality/valueThis paper outlines future research directions for data-driven decision-making in maintenance management as well as the practical requirements for implementation.

Blockchain and Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Goods

Blockchain could be used as a mechanism to certify the provenance and movements of cultural goods and contribute to the fight against illicit trafficking of cultural property. By strengthening the traceability of cultural goods, blockchain can simplify due diligence requirements and facilitate prosecution and convictions for all the relevant offences of illicit trafficking in cultural goods. However, such an impact is necessarily tempered due to the specificity of this kind of illicit trafficking, as well as the technical and conceptual constraints of the blockchain itself. Even though blockchain in its current form cannot overcome the legal obstacles which hamper the efficacy of the fight against illicit trafficking, such as the lack of harmonization of legal systems, its value in this area should not be dismissed altogether. An overview of the relevant international and European norms, highlighted using national law examples, reveals the complementary role that blockchain can have in this field, not only in terms of best practices but also in terms of an increased visibility for cultural goods and their international movement.

Research on Subway Harmonic Compensation Control Method Based on SSA Optimized Adaline Algorithm

To avoid a large number of harmonics generated by the subway train in the process of operation on the power grid security, the theoretical analysis and simulation experiments on the harmonics of the subway traction power supply system are carried out. Aiming at the problem of severe distortion and fluctuation of network side current at the early stage of train startup, a harmonic analysis and compensation control method based on the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) optimized Adaline Algorithm is proposed, which can be employed to carry out real-time adaptive detection and suppression of harmonics generated by the subway traction power supply system. This method can form a closed-loop training loop with the subway system, and the sparrow search algorithm is used to optimize the initial weight value and learning rate hyperparameters of the Adaline model. Simulation results show that the proposed compensating control can reduce harmonics from 15.12% to 2.89% and the current distortion rate by up to 80.8%. Four error evaluation indexes were used to evaluate the errors before and after the optimization. This method is highly adaptive and can be employed to analyze and compensate system harmonics efficiently.

Single-tuned passive filter (STPF) for mitigating harmonics in a 3-phase power system

Numerous integrals of the fundamental frequency are known as harmonics and can be found in power systems or electrical circuitry systems. Non-linear loads occasionally drain current or contains a varying impedance with each period of the AC voltage are often responsible for power system harmonics. This can result in system overheating, system losses, and equipment or system damage. In order to achieve the IEEE 519 power quality standard, filters are routinely employed to lower harmonic levels. In this work, we designed a single tuned passive filter (STPF) to minimize harmonics of sequence 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th, 17th, and 19th in a three (3) phase power system. The measurements were taken at the point of common coupling. To test the filter performance, the system and STPF were designed in MATLAB/Simulink, and the simulated results produced without and with STPF were compared. The {THD}_{I} was reduced from 14.93% down to 4.87% when STPF was connected which is within the IEEE 519-2022 standard; proving that the STPF was effective in decreasing the harmonics to the desired level.

Harmonisation of Indonesia's One Poverty Data Policy Oriented Towards Sustainable Development Goals

Objective: This research aims to implement social protection programmes through the One Poverty Data Policy more effectively, efficiently, and on target so that poverty reduction programme policies can run optimally following the sustainable development goals of eliminating poverty and hunger. Method: This type of research is normative juridical with a descriptive-analytical approach, discussing existing legal symptoms and problems and testing them based on legislation and legal norms. Result and conclusion: This study aims to present a potential resolution to the inadequacies observed in past poverty reduction initiatives. The absence of regulatory consistency across ministries has led to varying interpretations and definitions of poverty, the continued use of unchanged data, and the fragmented execution of programmes, which are the main elements contributing to this issue. The performance of data governance reforms needs the harmonisation and integration of social protection systems. The research holds great importance due to its ability to improve poverty alleviation initiatives' efficacy, efficiency, and accuracy. The possible benefits of implementing the One Data Poverty policy include enhancing the effectiveness and targeting of poverty alleviation efforts and aligning them with the objectives articulated in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Investigation of harmonics analysis power system due to non-linear loads on the electrical energy quality results

With the increase in the demand for electrical energy, more reliable and better quality energy is needed. This concept has taken its place in the field of electrical engineering with the title of "power quality". Today, power electronics elements, transformers, arc furnaces, converters, etc. used in industry, harmonic emitting elements have caused deterioration of power quality and as a result, it has led us to ways to get rid of harmonics. In order to provide quality electrical energy, some criteria such as continuity of energy, stability of voltage and frequency, proximity of power factor to 1, balance of phase voltages and harmonic amounts in voltage should be taken into consideration. In this study, the energy quality of different units in Giresun University Güre Campus was investigated with CA 8333 energy analyzer. The results obtained were transferred to the computer environment with the help of graphics. In order to analyze the harmonics and inter harmonics in the power system and to see the effect on the system, series active power filter is modulated and simulated against different nonlinear loads in MATLAB/Simulink program. The results are shown with the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) analysis program to see the elimination of harmonics in the system and their response to filtering. The results of harmonics in the power system with nonlinear loads before and after filtering are analyzed and examined. As a result of the analysis, suggestions are made regarding the measures that can be taken.

Maximum power tracking strategy of a wind energy conversion system based on resonant with active disturbance rejection control

PurposeThis study aims to construct a novel maximum power tracking control system for the direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) of the wind energy conversion system (WECS) to solve the following problems: how to effectively eliminate the system’s model parameter disturbances and speed up the dynamic performance of the system; and how to eliminate harmonics in WECS under different wind speeds.Design/methodology/approachTo obtain the maximum output power of PMSG at WECS under different wind speeds, the following issues should be considered: (1) how to effectively eliminate the system’s model parameter disturbances and speed up the dynamic performance of the system; and (2) how to suppress system harmonics. For Problem 1, adding d–q compensation factors to active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) for the current loop realizes the d–q axis decoupling control, which speeds up the dynamic performance of the system. For Problem 2, the resonant controller is introduced into the ADRC for the current loop to suppress harmonic current in WECS under different wind speeds.FindingsThe simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control method is simpler and more reliable than conventional controllers for maximum power tracking.Originality/valueCompared with traditional controllers, the proposed controller can speed up the dynamic performance of the system and suppress the current harmonic effectively, thus better achieving maximum power tracking.

The Institution of Mediation in the Legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan: Prospects for Regional Adaptation

The gradual segmentation of the sphere of public regulation is a question that constantly arises, since the growing needs of a person require the provision of a greater number of guarantees already on behalf of the state. The presence of a stable and often conservative system of judiciary organizations is not fully compatible with the ever-increasing volume of cases, the complexity of which is also naturally increasing. Within the framework of the post-Soviet space, such a topic as mediation is still a little-studied area, and therefore requires detailed study, including from the position of searching for current development trends.Aim. Using the example of a legal system integrated into the single social and economic space of the EAEU, but nevertheless differing in content from Russian legislation, to determine a promising vector for the development of the region (and thus the domestic regulatory framework) in matters of mediation.Tasks. The article discusses the current state and problems of the institution of mediation in the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the main international and national documents.Methods. Elements of comparative and systematic approaches were used in the work, within the framework of which general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction were used.Results. Based on the results of the study, it is noted that it is possible to develop an interstate dialogue on the formation of the institution of mediation, taking into account the cumulative interaction between the mechanisms of the CIS and the EAEU, as well as the ideological component of the Singapore Convention 2018.Conclusions. In full terms, when determining the experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is impossible to operate exclusively with national normative sources. The involvement of the state in international processes, as well as the desire to adapt a greater number of “conciliation” procedures, lead to a unique context in which mediation has its own special conceptual and functional features, but is also limited by the existence of other forms of alternative dispute resolution. Despite the existing debatable provisions, it should be recognized that the experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the issue of mediation is sufficiently developed and can be used as the basis for the subsequent harmonization of the legal systems of the EAEU member states.

Influence of Electric Traction Drive System Harmonics and Interharmonics on the Vibration of Key Locomotive Components

Influence of Electric Traction Drive System Harmonics and Interharmonics on the Vibration of Key Locomotive Components

Harmonic Mitigation using Hybrid Power Filter to Improve Power Quality

This paper represents a power quality improvement using harmonic mitigation method in distribution and transmission system. This include the hybrid power filter for mitigating the harmonic in the power system, the hybrid power filter is the combination active power filter ,passive power filter and voltage source inverter with the passive component like a capacitor and the inductor. The drawback of the active and the passive power filter is overcome by designing the hybrid power filter, the capability of harmonic mitigation can be increased with dc link voltage of the voltage source inverter. in this two method of implementation is adopted for harmonic mitigation in power system like hybrid mode and the passive mode , in passive mode the passive component is used in series such as capacitor and inductor and in hybrid mode the voltage source inverter is used along with the LC-filter . The power quality improvement and the reactive power control is also represented in this paper The analysis and MATLAB simulation give the proper solution to mitigate the harmonic in the distribution and the transmission system to improve the power quality and system stability . Index Terms— ,FFT Analysis hybrid power filters, passive power filters, power system harmonics, reactive power control., Total Harmonic Distortion, power quality, transmission and distribution network..

Research on current dual closed-loop scheme for PMSM control system utilizing cascaded PI-RC controller

In the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) control system used proportional integral (PI) controller, a large resonance in high-frequency band will be generated through the PI controller. Additionally, high amount alternating current harmonics will be introduced to the PMSM caused by the inverter nonlinearity and other factors, which cannot be eliminated by PI controller. To eliminate the current harmonics in the control system, a novel current dual closed-loop scheme used the PI controller on the current inner loop and the repetitive controller on the current outer loop (cascaded PI-RC controller) is proposed in this paper. First of all, the reference current signal is added to the inner current loop, thus, the satisfied dynamic performance to the control system can be guaranteed. And then, the frequency characteristic and the resonance of the control plant are analysed. Furthermore, in order to suppress the periodic current harmonics for this PMSM, the internal model element and the compensator are studied for the current outer loop controller. Consequently, the stability of the proposed cascaded PI-RC controller is actual by Lyapunov theory. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed current dual closed-loop scheme is verified by simulation results.

International legal documents aimed at preventing the concealment of offenses

In this article, an analysis is conducted of a range of international normative and legal instruments aimed at preventing the concealment of offenses. By scrutinizing international normative and legal acts and documents of international governmental organizations such as the United Nations, the Council of Europe and its Group of States against Corruption (GRECO), and others, the most influential and effective tools for preventing the concealment of offenses are identified. The analysis traces the trends in the development of international norms and their orientation towards addressing shortcomings and inadequate control mechanisms.The primary objective of this work is to emphasize the significance of implementing and effectively implementing international normative and legal acts to prevent the concealment of offenses in Ukraine. It is noted that technological advancements and increasing international connectivity necessitate enhanced cooperation between countries and the improvement of tools for detecting, investigating, and halting human rights violations, corruption, cybercrime, and other offenses.Within the scope of this article, the effectiveness and results of international normative and legal acts in preventing the concealment of offenses are examined at various levels: national, regional, and global. The influence of global political, economic, and socio-cultural factors on the effectiveness of monitoring and implementing these acts is highlighted. The role of civil organizations and activists in supporting and monitoring compliance with international norms is also investigated.Preventing the concealment of offenses is a process that requires joint efforts and the harmonization of legal systems in different countries. The article attempts to identify gaps in international normative and legal instruments and proposes measures for their further improvement. This work seeks to underscore the importance of cooperation among states, which will ensure the effectiveness of combating the concealment of offenses and promoting justice worldwide.

Using Dynamic Phasors To Model and Analyze Selective Harmonic Compensated Single-Phase Grid-Forming Inverter Connected to Nonlinear and Resistive Loads

In an islanded microgrid, a grid-forming inverter (GFMI) is required to maintain a stable sinusoidal voltage at nominal frequency and amplitude with minimal distortion regardless of loading conditions. As a result, the accurate design of GFMI control schemes in an islanded microgrid requires accurate understanding of the converter dynamics and system harmonics. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulations based on detailed switching models give an accurate picture of the GFMI's behaviour. However, EMT simulations take a relatively long time to produce accurate results in large-scale systems. On the other hand, conventional phasor models are unsuitable for harmonic studies. To address this limitation, this article leverages the dynamic phasor (DP) method to develop a new model of a single-phase GFMI connected to single-phase nonlinear (diode-bridge rectifier) and resistive loads. The benefit of the DP method lies in its inherent feature of transforming time-domain signals into slow-varying or DC signals, thereby enabling faster simulations. In this article, the relationship between the control gains of the proposed DP model and the conventional detailed model is established for the first time through small-signal and frequency-domain-based comparative analyses. User-written codes of the proposed DP model are scripted in MATLAB, and simulations on MATLAB/Simulink show that the proposed DP model results have a high degree of correlation with the detailed switching model results. A significant savings in computation time is exhibited by the proposed DP models. The simulation results are validated against experimental results to confirm the accuracy of the proposed DP model.

Modeling and design of PV grid integration for GA-PSO based on fluctuating power quality

Grid integration of renewable energy systems with majority of which is variable dc and variable ac. For example, solar systems output variable dc, while wind systems output variable ac. Power electronics now plays a significant role in the DC and AC conversion required for the grid. Power electronics now allows dc-coupled systems to be controlled for both active and reactive power, making inductively controlled for improving power quality and synchronizing renewable energy systems. The presence of harmonics in electrical systems indicates that current and voltage are distorted and deviate from sinusoidal waves; odd and even harmonics are the result of a nonlinear load. Voltage and sag and swell are examples of power quality issues, as are filters whose primary purpose is to reduce harmonics, voltage, and current in alternating-current power systems to an acceptable level. The maximum power point tracking is based on maintaining temperature and irradiance variables. We use both proposition and Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) to maximize PV power with oscillation tracking. The genetic algorithm with partial swarm optimization (GA-PSO) algorithm based on various optimization control techniques. Control techniques are proposed for systems with various unbalanced voltages to maintain control operation during fault conditions.

Data-driven product optimization capabilities to enhance sustainability and environmental compliance in a marine manufacturing context

This paper investigates concerns related to product data and digital data flow when aiming to automate company processes. Accurate data is necessary to create value by enabling improved decision-making in product development, including sustainability capabilities. The case analyzed is an engineer-to-order (ETO) company operating in a low-volume marine manufacturing context. A participatory research approach is used to study two projects that are part of the company’s digital business transformation, aiming to digitalize information and autogenerate downstream processes. Building on the strengths promised by digitalization requires precise and extensive product and process information. An important facilitation capability is to create a digital thread from design to finished product, including product documentation. This is necessary to establish capabilities both to autogenerate appropriate compliance reporting as part of the product development process and to conduct virtual testing and validation before the physical equipment is acquired, resulting in a manufacturing process that is ‘right first time’. In addition, data capabilities guide and enable sound-decision making for improved sustainable practices in the early phase of product development. It is found that the data quality required to utilize tools within the context of Industry 4.0 demands changes to existing product design practices and focus on the three pillars harmonization, integration and automation of data and systems.

Determining the influence of higher harmonics of nonlinear technological load in dynamic action systems

This paper considers the influence of higher harmonics in dynamic action systems due to their complex movement in the process of interaction with the technological load. The object of research is the process of propagation of oscillations in complex dynamic systems. One of the problems in the application of oscillatory processes is the consideration of higher harmonics in the overall movement of systems. To solve the problem, the idea of using a hybrid model that takes into account both discrete and distributed parameters was proposed. The resulting mathematical discrete model in the analytical equations of motion of the dynamic system preserves continuous properties in the form of wave coefficients. These coefficients in their analytical form take into account the contribution of higher harmonics of both the reactive (elastic-inertial) and active (dissipative) components of the resistance force. The studies were carried out on a model of a plant with a multimode spectrum of oscillations and a nonlinear dynamic system, which is a system with piecewise linear characteristics.A series of experimental studies with a wide variation of the change in the frequency of oscillations was carried out on the installation with a multimode spectrum of oscillations. Zones of manifestation of higher harmonics along the vertical axis of force action were revealed. The given spectrum at the exciter frequency of 35 Hz showed the manifestation of the spectrum component (around 70 Hz) along the X axis, which is an important result for practical application. For a system with piecewise linear characteristics, the manifestation of multimode, which manifests itself in the form of subharmonic and superharmonic oscillations, was determined. The contribution of each harmonic is determined by applying the obtained dependences. The results were used in the development of algorithms and calculation methods of a new class of dynamic action systems taking into account the contribution of higher harmonics

Suppression of over voltage in SiC-based inverter fed induction motor

ABSTRACT Silicon carbide (SiC) based inverters are widely used due to their fast switching and ability to withstand high temperatures and Voltage. This helps to increase efficiency and reduces switching losses compared to the silicon-based inverter. However, this fast-switching device causes an increase in the Voltage at the junction of the cable and motor due to the reflected wave. The main causes of overvoltage are cable/motor impedance mismatch, fast-switching inverter devices (IGBT), and inverter-motor separation. To extend the induction motor lifespan, overvoltage reduction is necessary. Passive and active filters solve the problem, but passive filters are bulky and have high power loss. This paper presents a shunt active filter approach for an inverter-fed induction motor to reduce overvoltage. To show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the findings were compared to the topology of the clamp-type active filter already in use. The shunt active filter used Proportional Integral (PI) and fuzzy controllers to generate reference current according to the Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory. Harmonics in the power system were removed using the SRF theory. The unique aspect of this work is how the reference current is produced in the shunt active filter using the SRF theory. The proposed shunt active filter with a fuzzy controller was added to the hardware implementation to achieve better results than previous active filters.

Harmonic Analysis of Sliding-Mode-Controlled Buck Converters Imposed by Unmodeled Dynamics of Hall Sensor

DC–DC buck converters have become prominent components for energy optimization in power systems, and how to improve control performances is a challenging issue to be addressed. In this paper, we aim to investigate the harmonic problem of sliding mode (SM) controlled buck converters imposed by the often-ignored unmodeled dynamics of the Hall sensor. The unified mathematical model of the whole system is established by combining the SM controller, the buck converter, and the Hall sensor, where the signal loss in the transmission process of the whole closed-loop control system is considered. Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, the SM controller is designed to guarantee system stability, as well as to deduce the stable working areas and the tuned controller parameters. Furthermore, we introduce the descriptive function (DF) approach to investigate the influence of the unmodeled dynamics of the Hall sensor on the system harmonics in the frequency domain, which can deduce the relationship between the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the output signal and the Hall sensor. Simulations and experiments validate this paper.