Hard Job Research Articles

Living Atlanta: An Oral History of the City, 1914-1948.

From memories of everyday experience, Living vividly recreates life in city during three decades from World War through World War II--a period in which a small, regional capital became a center of industry, education, finance, commerce, and travel. This profusely illustrated volume draws on nearly two hundred interviews with Atlanta residents who recall, in their own words, the way it was--from segregated streetcars to college fraternity parties, from moonshine peddling to visiting performances by Metropolitan Opera, from growth of neighborhoods to religious revivals.The book is based on a celebrated public radio series that was broadcast in 1979-80 and hailed by Studs Terkel as important, exciting project--a truly human portrait of a city of people. Living presents a diverse array of voices--domestics and businessmen, teachers and factory workers, doctors and ballplayers. There are memories of city when it wasn't quite a city: Back in those young days it was country in Atlanta, musician Rosa Lee Carson reflects. It sure was. Why, you could even raise a cow out there in your yard. There are eyewitness accounts of such major events as Great Fire of 1917: The wind blowing that way, it was awful, recalls fire fighter Hugh McDonald. There'd be a big board on fire, and wind would carry that board, and it'd hit another house and start right up on that one. And it just kept spreading. There are glimpses of workday: It's a real job firing an engine, a darn hard job, says railroad man J. R. Spratlin. I was using a scoop and there wasn't no eight hour haul then, there was twelve hours, sometimes sixteen. And there are scenes of city at play: Baseball was popular sport, remembers Arthur Leroy Idlett, who grew up in Pittsburgh neighborhood. Everybody had teams. And people--you could put some kids out there playing baseball, and before you knew a thing, you got a crowd out there, watching kids play.Organizing book around such topics as transportation, health and religion, education, leisure, and politics, authors provide a narrative commentary that places diverse remembrances in social and historical context. Resurfacing throughout book as a central theme are memories of Jim Crow and peculiarities of black-white relations. Accounts of Klan rallies, job and housing discrimination, and poll taxes are here, along with stories about Commission on Interracial Cooperation, early black forays into local politics, and role of city's black colleges.Martin Luther King, Sr., historian Clarence Bacote, former police chief Herbert Jenkins, educator Benjamin Mays, and sociologist Arthur Raper are among those whose recollections are gathered here, but majority of voices are those of ordinary Atlantans, men and women who in these pages relive day-to-day experiences of a half-century ago.

An Integrated CAD/CAM System for a Textile Industry with Knitting Machineries

A new integrated CAD/CAM system is presented, for use with knitting machines. Because of the absence of standards, designers must deal with many different systems to do the same work. The proposed CAD/CAM system makes posible design and manufacturing with a set of different knitting machines. It incorporates users experience, making easy the traditionally hard job of knitting designers and manufacturers.

Offers of help during disasters need prioritising, managers warned.

A theatre nursing officer who has worked at a Belfast 'front line' hospital for 20 years, said this week that her hardest job is turning down immediate offers of help from other nurses during major disasters.

Harvesting the Air: Windmill Pioneers in Twelfth-Century England by Edward J. Kealey

TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 153 This is hardly what we expect in books on culture, but it becomes less surprising when one finds that the book is dedicated to Joseph Need­ ham, and when Dieter Kuhn indicates that he is a contributor to the Science and Civilisation in China volume dealing with textiles. The technical advances of the Sung, as described here, include improved strains of rice, fertilization, and the introduction of exotic citrus fruits, teas, sugar, and cotton. The seed plow came into wide­ spread use, as did a kind of reaping machine. Watermills were sys­ tematically established by the state, and there is an illustration of a waterpowered spinning machine of 1313. The book is handier than, and to some degree supplementary to, the Needham magnum opus in its treatment of technology, especially ofagriculture and textiles. And technology occupies only about a third of the text, the bulk of the remainder being devoted to relevant topics, the development of a civilian society, trade and daily life (the standard of living appears to have resembled that of Italian cities two centuries later), and archaeological evidence. Kuhn’s sources are mainly Chinese, and there is a Chinese index. R. P. Multhauf Dr. Multhauf is historian emeritus at the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution. Harvesting the Air: Windmill Pioneers in Twelfth-Century England. By Edward J. Kealey. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of Cali­ fornia Press, 1987. Pp. xiii + 307; illustrations, notes, appendix, bib­ liography, index. $40.00. The origins of wind power may be less problematic than the origins of waterpower, but even so they have given rise to much controversy over the years. J. C. Notebaart’s classic study, Windmuehlen (The Hague and Paris: Mouton, 1971), examines various theories exhaustively, and it might be supposed definitively, yet it still leaves room for debate. Its absence from the bibliography of Harvesting the Air is a curious omission. So much depends on the exact dating of information from legal documents that may or may not be faithful copies of earlier versions. Certainly Edward Kealey makes a good case for localizing the in­ vention of vertical windmills of the oldest, post-mill type in eastern England somewhat earlier than the period usually specified. For whereas Notebaart and others indicate such mills in England only from the 1190s, and in Normandy from the 1180s (a matter of one or two instances in each case), Kealey’s first windmill reference dates from before 1137, and he can find a few more from the middle years of the 12th century. Windmills spread slowly at first, he states, until inflation and other changes in the last twenty years of the century finally made them popular. Kealey relied chiefly on monastic sources, 154 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE but he also incorporated the results of recent archaeological investi­ gation, and he uses manuscript illustration (the earliest also English). Until monastic records or archaeological data from the Continent can challenge him, Kealey’s thesis stands. He provides us with a table of no less than fifty-six English windmills that date from before 1200, together with a map of their distribution and a gazetteer that supplies details of the history of each mill. It would have been useful to have a graph showing the increasing proportion of English parishes that had windmills; did this increase over time, as Kealey seems to suggest? Unfortunately, most of his dates are those by which a certain mill stood on a particular site. They are not erection dates, which can seldom be discovered. Windmills are a striking piece of invention. The going work might be adapted from the machinery of watermills, but when before had a shed been mounted on a post so as to rotate? Buildings—and wa­ termills too—were constructed in order to be stable, but here was one that was intended to turn around. Like watermills, windmills are re­ stricted in the potential sites they can occupy; they must stand in the open where neither ridges nor other obstacles will break the wind before it strikes their sails. Millstones are quite heavy, so installation of the machinery must have been a hard job; at least...

Productivity and workload in pitsawing plantation grown timber in Tanzania

Productivity and work strain in manual conversion of plantation grown roundwood into sawn timber was determined. A team of 2 workers was timestudied and their heart rate recorded when pitsawing Cupressus lusitanica logs. Results showed that the time expended in the different activities of the sawing operation varied. The aerobic power of the workers was generally low, probably due to less job fitness and poor nutrition. The overall work load index was high, which is an indication that pitsawing is a streneous and hard job. Use of and / or maintenance of suitable saws with efficient teeth, provision of handling tools such as peavy, sappie or cant hook to facilitate rolling and turning of the log / cant, and increased dietary input could further improve handsawing productivity and reduce energy demands.

Your Child's Health: A Pediatric Guide for Parents

Pediatricians know that being a parent is a hard job. Parents get plenty of well-meaning advice along the way, but sifting through it all and knowing whom to believe may leave them feeling confused and beleaguered. Your Child's Health , by Barton Schmitt, is a book that parents will really find helpful. Dr Schmitt has brought his considerable experience in general pediatrics to the writing of a text that is clear and well organized and that emphasizes both preventive care and common sense. The book is divided into five major sections that cover emergencies, trauma, newborn care, behavioral problems, and common illnesses. There is also a brief glossary of medical conditions that require physician input for diagnosis and/or treatment. These are mentioned by medical name (eg, amblyopia and epiglottitis), and then explained in clear terms that can be understood easily by parents. Dr Schmitt has carefully avoided using complex medical terminology

The Flexibility Debate: Part Time Work

Abstract Part time workers constitute an important element in the currently fashionable advocacy of a flexible workforce. Unions, in response, have feared the displacement of full time workers and the undermining of hard won job conditions and security. Both sides have ignored the entrenched nature of existing, gender-split mechanisms for responding to market fluctuations and the diverse forms and functions of part time work. Neither flexibility in general, nor part time work in particular, are unitary concepts: they may have contradictory implications and serve quite different interests, depending on how, and by whom, they are initiated and controlled. Union attempts to block them may actually reinforce the negative effects, as well as alienating members. An alternative strategy of regulating, integrating and raising the status of part time work is already producing some positive results.

A Letter from South Africa

I AM FROM CALIFORNIA. I am forty years old. Six years ago I met my future wife, South African, when she was on vacation in San Fran cisco. A year later, having hard time finding jobs in our fields, we de cided we would go to South Africa. We came to Johannesburg, my wife's hometown. We planned to stay year, we have stayed on. The beauty of this land ?the lavender Jacarandas dropping their petals in the October spring, the barrenness of the deserts?allows the tourist bureau to pro claim that South Africa is a world within country. Before meeting my wife, I had little idea of what or where South Africa was. I certainly had never thought of coming here. Faced with actually leaving for South Africa, I wondered if there were supermarkets and book stores and all the civilized amenities I was accustomed to. I wondered if I

Prognostic factors vs. outcome in male-to-female transsexualism. A follow-up study of 13 cases.

Thirteen male-to-female transsexuals were investigated 6 to 25 years after surgery. Thirty-five prognostic items were compared with each of three outcome variables. Traumatic loss of both parents in infancy was connected with repentance at follow-up. A childhood family of an overprotective mother and a distant father, on the other hand, was prognostically favourable. Contrary to most previous reports, high sexual activity and bisexual experience was associated with fair sexual adjustment and with non-repentance after sex change. The repenting individuals, on the other hand, had been a-sexual or hyposexual before surgery. Completed military service, a history of typically masculine, hard jobs, and a comparatively late (more than 30 years of age) first request for surgery, were found to be negative prognostic factors in sex-reassignment evaluations. The phenomenon of ambivalence or hesitance during the trial period is discussed. Both too much and too little ambivalence may suggest a poor prognosis.

Automation of Deburring Operations by Means of Color Information

The study presents the development of a deburring robot to remove burrs on sculptured surfaces in place of workers. The robot equipped with a color sensor recognizes' burrs to be removed and their deburring condition by colors on workpiece surfaces painted by workers. From experimental results, it is found that the robot works well and has the potential of releasing workers from hard jobs done under dusty and noisy environments.

Parentmaking: A Practical Handbook for Teaching Parent Classes About Babies and Toddlers

ABSTRACT The physical, sexual, and emotional abuse committed by some parents on their children has brought attention not only to the abuse itself but also to the parenting. In the past few years, there has been slow recognition that parenting is a challenging event. As a pediatrician, I have come to recognize and acknowledge it as the hardest job there is. Unlike other long-term, complicated, difficult jobs, there is no training or official curriculum available on how to be a good parent. This is the uniqueness of parenting. This is also why there is a need for a book like Parentmaking.Parentmaking is a handbook for teaching parent classes about babies and toddlers. Fathers as well as mothers can become students. Nearly all references to caretaking activities address parents, thus acknowledging the biologic existence of at least two potential primary caretakers. There is repeated support for and recognition of parental needs,

Oxygen Radicals in Chemistry and Biology

This large volume, bound in an attractive blue cover, reports the proceedings of an International Conference held in Neuherberg during July 1983. A very large number of papers was presented, covering the whole range of oxygenradical research from pure radiation chemistry to the clinical usage of superoxide dismutase injections. In order that the Proceedings could be published as soon as possible after the meeting, camera-ready presentation has been used. Fortunately, the publishers have avoided the ugliness often associated with this form of reproduction. The papers published in this volume fall into three categories, namely : ( i ) Good science that has already been published in scientific journals. This is the largest category. (ii) Good science that will no doubt soon appear in scientific journals. (iii) Poor science that I hope will not survive the review process. (Fortunately this is only a minor category). Given that nearly all the useful information in this volume has been or will appear in journals, what is the point of publishing it here? Firstly, it is nice to see all areas of oxygen-radical research being covered in the same volume. Much more important than this, however, is the presentation of the discussion that took place at the meeting. I learned as much from reading the carefully edited comments and criticisms about the major papers as I did by reading the papers themselves. Transcribing and editing meeting discussion into a publishable form is a hard job, but the editors succeeded admirably. Overall, a useful volume. Its price will preclude personal purchase but it should be in the libraries of all research groups interested in oxygen radicals.

On Babies and Composition

Writing a paper is like having a baby, I blithely told my composition class that first year I taught. Twenty-one years old, unmarried, and totally inexperienced in both procreation and teaching, I drew an analogy that twenty years as a high school English teacher and two babies later would prove valid in many ways. Similarities between the two processes reflect my attitudes about the composing process. The composing process can be divided into three stages: prewriting, writing, and rewriting. The prewriting stage is the most crucial for the teacher, the stage where the teacher's job is to create a desire to write. Similarly, desire is the beginning of the act of procreation. How, then, do we create the desire? It is our hardest job, and we do it by presenting exciting topics and interesting information and by giving a wide variety of choices to meet different interests and learning styles. Sometimes we have to be con artists, tricking students into becoming interested enough to write. We are planters of seeds, some of which will grow in the fertility of a young mind and some of which will never take root.

How to individualise job instruction

Instructors and supervisors have an acknowledged hard job. Explaining, demonstrating, setting to work and correcting errors all day long is extremely demanding. Often we hear our instructors, supervisors and chargehands complain that over the years their job is getting no easier. What do they specifically complain about? They complain that the pace of technological change brings in new skills almost daily, and, conversely that old skills disappear without trace almost overnight. They also complain of the apparent decline in standards of literacy and numeracy and the willingness to work among sections of the younger work force.

Program Generators for Process Control Applications

Programming of process control applications still represents a hard job. Reasons for this are mainly the following facts:•computer based process control systems contain mixed hardware as well as dedicated hardware,•man/machine as well as process/machine communication are decisive parts of the whole system, and•dedicated real-time operating systems or rather real-time executives are often necessary instead of general purpose real-time operating systems.Another crucial problem is the availability of the (very expensive) computer scientists during the maintenance phase who developed the application software. Therefore it is of interest to enable the end-user to “describe” as well as to maintain his application himself. Obviously an end-user must have at his disposal a great amount of detailed basic knowledge in the area of computer science.For many applications the only way out of this situation is the interactive use of program generators which produce object programs from fill -in-the-blanks type source “programs”. However, this method up to now is not widely known, although employed by numerous users. A reason for this is that basic concepts of fill -in-the-blanks type languages and program generators are only incompletely published. In most cases the language was developed starting with an analysis of the application and the design of a fill-in-the-blanks language. Afterwards the same or another team worked on its implementation. Very often the outcome of such projects - know-how, tools and modules -are ignored in daughter projects.The paper surveys the basic principles of program generators with respect to its usage for process control systems.

Use of Sensors in Programmable Automation*

If previous studies1-4 are any indication, there is a national need to develop advanced automation techniques to increase industrial productivity and to enhance the well-being of workers by eliminating hard, dangerous, and dull jobs. Although an ultimate goal might be a completely automated factory in which design, planning, scheduling, and manufacturing are all under computer control, automation will probably evolve slowly with the development of the appropriate technology.

Are Athletic Trainers a Luxury or a Necessity?

A Northwestern University medical school program is putting athletic trainers into some high schools that never had them, but achieving that nationwide depends on some hard selling jobs on school boards-and physicians.

A Variety of Outreach and Follow-Up Workers Play An Important Role in Philippine Church's Program

3 programs to implement family planning have been set up by the Iglesia Ni Cristo (INC), an indigenous Christian sect with 4fmillion adherents in the Philippines. The Vigilante program began in 1975 with 34 specially trained nurses and paraprofessionals stationed in parish churches to recruit family planning acceptors, follow-up women with complaints, and treat minor complaints. Major problems are sent to medical centers. Between August 1975-September 1976 Vigilantes recruited 36,621 new clients, including almost 500 sterilization referrals. About 1/2 the new clients chose condoms, 1/3 the pill. These nurses also inserted IUDs. Pill Counselors also engage in motivational work. They are not stationed at an individual church but are in neighborhoods where they are needed. 4 special workers have been trained to recruit vasectomy acceptors. All 4 are young unmarried women but they have had good success. In 1975-1976 they recruited almost 1000 vasectomy acceptors and 350 minilaparotomy acceptors in addition to supplying 300 men and women with condoms and pills. Because 1 of their hardest jobs is convincing men that sterilization will not affect their sexual powers they have been nicknamed "machismo wreckers." Saturation teams are trained groups of 9 persons each which concentrate on a small area at a time. Before they begin the area is surveyed by a field coordinator who calls on the local leader and seeks local assistance. When the team leaves, it leaves additional supplies with this leader and these supplies are replenished from time to time. INC chapels also carry supplies. In addition to family planning, INC sponsors programs to assist young people and farmers, and has nutrition education, low-cost housing, and health care programs.

The Popper Phenomenon

Popper has been the most prolific, wide-ranging and well-known of recent philosophers of science, and the most influential among scientists. In philosophy he has also unfortunately been made into a cult figure, like Wittgenstein; disciples have vied for the master's mantle and doctrines have been scrutinized as much for heresy as for error. This is a pity. Philosophy of science is a hard enough job without complicating it with personalities, patents and package deals. So is the job of integrating it with the rest of philosophy, dominated as it still is in this two-cultures country by a pervasive ignorance of and distaste for the sciences. Both jobs have been made harder by Popperian polemics, and the disrepute they have brought philosophy of science into among philosophers at large. This matters because of the importance of much Popperian work. Much of it is true, much of it is original. It would have been still better, and had more deserved influence, had it been better integrated with other work in modern philosophy, in fields ranging from the foundations of statistics to the philosophy of language. Even as it is, there is no denying how much poorer philosophy, and especially philosophy of science, would have been without Popper's work and that to which, one way and another, it has given rise. The appearance of a Schilpp volume or two on Popper is therefore apt and welcome, in that it both signals Popper's achievements and is to some extent an occasion for our mutual enlightenment.1 However, I should be failing to exhibit an appropriately critical rationality if I did not draw some attention to the defects as well as the merits of the piece, which in many ways embodies characteristic Popperian qualities. There are interesting contributions from distinguished scientists and other theorists whom Popper has stimulated in their work. In many ways the remarkable influence Popper's work has had on the practitioners of the subjects he has philosophized about is the best testimony to its value. There is also here a useful variety of philosophical comment and criticism. But there is also too much hagiography and too much sectarian warfare. And Popper's passion for explaining himself at length has really got rather out of hand. Less bibliography, these volumes run to I 200 pages, which is more than Einstein or Russell needed; and one would not have thought their work so much less noteworthy than Popper's. Not that in fact there is that much more in these volumes, it is just repeated more and at greater length. I suspect the

What, Me Study? Some Suggestions to Make a Hard Job Easier

Research Article| March 01 1977 What, Me Study? Some Suggestions to Make a Hard Job Easier Ronald M. Knaus Ronald M. Knaus Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1977) 39 (3): 180–181. https://doi.org/10.2307/4445853 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Ronald M. Knaus; What, Me Study? Some Suggestions to Make a Hard Job Easier. The American Biology Teacher 1 March 1977; 39 (3): 180–181. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4445853 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1977 National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.