Hang Tuah Research Articles

ANALISIS STRATEGI POSITIONING UNIVERSITAS HANG TUAH ( Blue Ocean Campus )

This research aimed to analyze the positioning strategy of Hang Tuah University Surabaya in the minds of customers, by analyzing the slogan "Blue Ocean Campus". This research used a quantitative and qualitative approach, data used are primary and secondary data, primary data by distributing questionnaires and interviews, while secondary data was taken from the website of the University studied. Research shows Hang tuah University positioning based on the importance criteria the majority of respondents expressed less valuable, results also show a comparison Slogan Hang Tuah University with other universities. Attributes are used as the basis of positioning Hang Tuah university "Blue Ocean Campus" has not been considered important by informants when compared with the attributes that are used by other universities.

RAISING INTEREST IN MALAY CLASSIC LITERATURE IN YOUNG READERS

The interest in reading printed books has tapered off in this digital age as shown by reports of continual loss from many book publishers over the years. What to do to whet reading habits, especially among the young? What are the options in store in book publishing? What can publishing experts predict? What can we say how to whet reading habit? We know that without reader, more publishers will wind up their business. Thus, new ways and outlets have to search. Though Malay hikayat are considered important, they are not interesting. To make them interesting, relevant and acceptable to young readers, publishers must recognize the twin purposes of instruction and delight that have long been accepted as the primary goals of books for children and the fact that they are important and form a distinctive category of readers with separate needs and interests. Only by making the books interesting, relevant and acceptable to them, Malay hikayat can hope to live on. Though physically weak, they are spiritually, emotionally and imaginatively strong. Stories about animals, fantasy and legends are popular with them. They love the illustrated books, cartoons, comics, movies and others on Pak Pandir, Pak Belalang, Singapura Dilanggar Todak, Puteri Gunung Ledang, Hang Tuah dan Hang Jebat. These stories are also among the  nest examples of moral tales that encourage them to focus on self-improvement like Aesop fables, stories from Grimn’s brothers. This means that integration of visual and verbal elements has remained a signi cant feature to attract children. In this paper, we argue that publishers must adapt stories from Malay classical literature to illustrated books, movies, comics, movies,  lms and e-books. Linking the best visual and verbal elements in these publications is the way forward to teach literacy, history and moral to young readers.

Evaluasi Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kota Pekanbaru

The research was conducted to evaluate the availability of open green area in Pekanbaru and to make the landscape model of green open area. This evaluation was needed to improve the functional and aesthetic value of green open area in Pakanbaru. The green areas were the main street of ring road, city park and forest. The research was carried out by using implementation methods of technical survey by observation, collective secondary and primary data. Election area was elected by purposive way and respondent method election done non-probability sampling technique that taking sample research by non-random way by 72 numbers of respondent. Data was analyzed by descriptive and spacial method, so continued by structuring of green open space to improve of develop functional value and aesthetic value in Pekanbaru. The research showed that the Pekanbaru City has 4,35% of green space in the shape of protecting areas, lake tours, and the grave till Pekanbaru City does not have wide green open space public as mandated by law no 26 year 2007 at least 20% from the areas spatial planning Pekanbaru, namely 49% of the area of Pekanbaru City. Planning model green lane road on Jl. Sukarno Hatta, Jl. Subrantas, Jl. Riau, Jl. Hang Tuah, Jl. Imam Munandar and Jl. Tuanku Tambusai based on the needs of the road to plant shade, windbreak and absorbing pollution. Planning Model urban forest planning was urban forest recreation by combining soft elements and hard elements. Planning model park junction Jl. Subrantas based on plant shade needs and space for the interaction for market users.

Perbandingan osteoporosis berdasarkan radiomorfometri panoramik antara mandibular cortical index dengan panoramic mandibular index pada pasien di Rumah Sakit Gigi Mulut Universitas Hang Tuah

Dentists have an important role in detecting osteoporosis that can be found incidentally on radiographic panoramic examination. Radiomorfometri mandible on panoramic radiography is a simple technique for screening osteoporosis and provides additional benefits for patients with radiographic examination for oral care. This study used a sample aged 35 years and over because the theory is based on the influence of estrogen hormone responsible for the regulation of calcium levels in the blood which begin to decline levels in the body since the age of 35 years. Radiomorfometri used were mandibular cortical index (MCI) and panoramic mandibular index (PMI). Each of these has a different way of identifying osteoporosis by panoramic. The sample of this cross-sectional study, with analytic observational study design is the total sampling, ie all data panoramic radiographs of patients over the age of 35 years and over who come to the Hang Tuah University Hospital Surabaya and required panoramic radiographs for dental and oral care needs, and in accordance with the criteria. The results of the Mann Whitney test showed no significant difference with p = 0.624 (p> 0.05), which means that there is no significant difference between the results of os teoporosis based on MCI and PMI. It is concluded that there was no significant difference between the results of osteoporosis based on radiomorfometri MCI and PMI on Hang Tuah University Hospital patients.

PENDIDIKAN SASTERA DALAM KONTEKS KERAGAMAN BUDAYA: PRINSIP DAN PENDEKATAN KE ARAH KEJAYAAN

Cultural diversity in human life in the country context or in the world context is an essence. This case was duly understood and commonly accepted, but what is true is not always like that.On the other hand, there is often tension or conflict in the world and in the regional caused by cultural diversity. This paper shows the brooding of literature and reasonable principles espoused to ensure social harmony, coexistence and peace in the midst of diversity and cultural differences. First, the importance of being open to differences and accept it although not compatible with their own beliefs and practices (toleration) in order to achieve common goals. Second, the need to honor or celebrate differences (celebration) in order to achieve social cohesion, peace and perfect unity. To achieve the objectives of the above principles, should be practiced the current method and approach.In the context of language and literary education in a country like Indonesia or Malaysia, the spirit of cultural diversity can be developed through a number of ways. Among them, by utilizing the discipline of Comparative Literature which clearly stipulates that are cross-cultural studies. Next, using a curriculum that focuses on literary works such as Jalan Menikung and Hikayat Hang Tuah which is featuring side of cultural diversity, especially around the theme of harmony between human beings.

THE STRATEGY OF USING PERSUASIVE ESSAY IN ENGLISH FOR MEDICAL ACADEMIC WRITING

Writing persuasive essay has the purpose of providing some techniques in organizing the idea and constructing the sentences in coherence. The content of this essay contains the health issue and medical terms. The students of medical faculty are expected to make a good persuasive essay in order to find out the recommendation solution of a health problem through the strategies (1) brainstorming (2) mapping (3) the 5 W’s (4) setting thesis statement (5) providing fact, statistic, and example (5) conclusion. The techniques have improved the student writing as the essays have been evaluated and given positive input on the content and development of paragraphs. This academic writing aims to give some practices for the Medical Faculty students of Hang Tuah University in order to produce a good persuasive essay in term of coherence, sentence structure, and organization.

Metaphor of AMOK in Traditional Malay Text Corpora: An Analysis Using the Hybrid Theory

This paper aims to examine the metaphors of amok in the corpora of traditional Malay texts. The study utilizes the corpus data from the Malay Concordance Project (MCP). The selected works are Sejarah Melayu (Sulalat Al-Salatin), Hikayat Hang Tuah and Tuhfat Al-Nafis. Within this study, the metaphoric element of AMOK was analyzed using the Hybrid Theory by Tendahl (2009)which was later revised by Stöver (2010). The theory that hybridizes the pragmatic and cognitive linguistics approaches is supported by the Triple Processing model to produce a conceptual region that describes a lexical concept or meaning for words or phrases which are figurative or implicit in nature.

Landscape Furniture Present in the Ancient Malay Garden According to Old Manuscripts and their Effects on the Formation of Malay Garden Design Concept Model in Malaysia

In peeling the dilemma of the Malay contemporary community nowadays, a study has been conducted to find out and discover the landscape furniture used by the Malay people in ancient times. The objectives of this research are to measure the image and culture of the Malays in Malaysia, which is applied in the design of the existing Malay Garden and also to identify the landscape furniture found in the existing Malay Garden. The method used in this research is, by referring to the old manuscripts and research papers done by researchers in the past about garden in the world of the Malay Archipelago. The main manuscripts in this research are as Sulalatus al-Salatin (Malay Annals), Bustan al-Salatin (The Garden of Kings), Hikayat Hang Tuah, Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa, Hikayat Inderaputera and Hikayat Abdullah. These methods consist of understanding and prove that culture, values on belief, the world of thought had been the base of Malay cosmology. Findings from this research can be concluded that the Malays in the past has had architecture skills and also have knowledge about every function of furniture and elements that been created by them. The knowledge possessed by the Malay people had inherited from generation to another generation. Therefore, to support a Malay garden design model, researchers have focused on the furniture's that have been used either in the gardens in the past, especially the palace garden, the home of the Malays and the vicinity at that time. Malay people are a special race, and there are many interesting elements through their creativity that may be highlighted to become a model for the design concept of a Malay Garden that are relevant in the present environment.

Verifiable Memories of Historical Events in the Malay Classical Literary Sources

There are many texts of the classical Malay literature available for this study. Among the oldest are believed tobe Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai and the Sejarah Melayu (Malay Annal) by Tun Sri Lanang. There are also HikayatHang Tuah, Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa, Hikayat Patani and Misa Melayu. Scholars in the past havedismissed the contents of the books as myths and legends. But scholars such as O.W. Wolters and a few otherswho studied some of those texts such as the Sejarah Melayu and Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa believe that theycontain verifiable happenings. Stories such as Raja Suran (Malay Annal), Sri Tri Buana, Demang Lebar Daunand Merong Maha Wangsa are not myths or legends but representative of personalities that really existed duringcertain periods of the Malay history. Hikayat Hang Tuah especially, stresses the importance of the relationshipsbetween Melaka and China and India. Those foreign policies practiced by Malay rulers in the past as told in theRaja Suran adventure was the Cola king who left the dated 1025AD Tanjore Inscription and who had belligerentrelationship with the king of Srivijaya. Sri Tri Buana was his descendent, the incident on the Bukit SeguntangMaha Meru can be interpreted as the Avalokitesvara’s world. The allegiance given by Demang Lebar Daun thathe and his descendents (rakyat/people) will not go against Sri Tri Buana (ruler) as long as the ruler remains“just“ which reminds us of the Telaga Batu Inscription of Palembang which inscribes about the consequences ofbeing disloyal to the king. Also, the story about Merong Maha Wangsa who liked to drink blood can be equatedwith the practices in Bhairava Cult practiced by King Adityavarman in Sumatera and also by Kedah’s kings inthe 12th/13th C.A.D. The most important issue which can be elucidated from the classical Malay literary sourcesis the foreign policy of the Malay rulers. They established trade and political relationships with India and Chinabecause India and China were the most powerful nations in the world at that time, politically and economically.In this 21st century, the world recognizes the fact that these two nations will become great economic power againto challenge Europe and United States of America. Therefore, the memories of the past will become the mirrorof the future. The world will clamor for the hands of friendship of those two countries. Southeast Asia willdefinitely face a bright future.

Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Beryodium terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Yodium Benih Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) <br><i>[Effect Of Iodized Feeding On The Growth And Content Of Iodine In Carpfish Seed (Cyprinus carpio) ]<i>

Abstract Carpfish culure have a quiet effort to profit and developed by people, because it have characteristic like adapted with the environtment, have rapid growth and resistance of disease. Carpfish cultivation is often cultivated in mountainous area far from sources of iodine (Cholik etc, 2002 ; Susanto, 1997). This causes iodine contain is very low, carp fish has only 1.7 mg/100g iodine contain. That amount is not sufficient people nutrition needs. Purpose of this study was to increase the iodine contain and growth. Experiment have been conducted in April until May 2011, for 1 month in Aquaculture Development Laboratory Hang Tuah University, Surabaya. Data retrieval was done by observation, direct participation and documentation thechnique. The research method is an experiment method with a completely randomized desigen consisted of 5 treatment and 4 replication, at a dose of 0 mg / kg of feed, 20 mg / kg of feed, 40 mg / kg of feed, 60 mg / kg feed and 80 mg / kg of feed. Each treatment used 15 carp seed (Cyprinus carpio) measuring 5-8 cm is maintained for 30 days. The parameter used include the primary parameter and parameter support. The main parameter of the growth and content the iodine, while supporting the water quality parameter. Result of this study were analized by using analysis of various with an error rate 5% later, followed by Duncan multiple rate test. Result of this study indicate that feeding iodized can increased the growth in wight and iodine content of carp.

Adaptation of Hikayat Hang Tuah in Children's Literature

Hang Tuah is a character in the epic Hikayat Hang Tuah which has become the pride of Malay Literature. The epic, and especially the protagonist of the epic, Hang Tuah, have been much discussed. This is also the case where children’s literature is concerned, as the Hikayat Hang Tuah has attracted the attention of Malaysian authors to produce adaptations of stories from this epic. The stories linked to the character of Hang Tuah contain many elements of fantasy which makes them suitable for adaptation as children’s literature. Establishing what types of adaptations have been made of these stories forms the core of this study. Also, the acceptance of Hang Tuah as a hero of the Malays has been challenged by movements, especially in social realism. As a result, the character of Hang Jebat has become accepted as a heroic figure instead. However, whether or not social realism has influenced adaptations done for children, and whether there has been a shift in the figure of hero as a result of social realism are still unanswered questions which this study addresses. This study has found that adaptations of stories about Hang Tuah for children are mainly partial adaptations, and that the stories chosen for adaptation are especially those containing strong elements of fantasy. Illustrations are also an element in these partial adaptations. The study has found no trace of the influence of social realism in the adaptations. Hang Tuah is still depicted as a heroic figure while Hang Jebat continues to be depicted as the traitor. Keywords: children’s literature, Hang Tuah, adaptations, social realism, illustrations

The Construction of the Malay Hero as Conceived in Hikayat Hang Tuah

This article is an exposition of the legendary character of Hang Tuah in the traditional Malay literary work titled Hang Tuah edited by Kassim Ahmad (1964), which is based on the manuscript Hikayat Hang Tuah from the collection of Dewan Bahasa and Pustaka. It traces the experiences of Hang Tuah, the main character, focusing on the development of his heroism. The concept of the construction of a hero is based on Joseph Campbell’s prototype model of the hero, whereby in his book The Hero with a Thousand Faces (first published 1949, third edition 2009), he summarizes every step of the hero’s journey into three stages: departure, initiation and return. The objective of the article is to examine Hang Tuah as a heroic figure using Campbell’s model as an archetype. The analysis will show the similarities in the treatment of the hero entity as an extraordinary person in Malay literature, while at the same time highlighting the most noticeable differences. The backbone of the construct is the contention that Hang Tuah’s heroism runs in tandem with the concept of king and kingdom in Malay tradition. Keywords: Hang Tuah, legendary warrior, Malay hero, hero’s journey

Hang Tuah in the Sea of Oral Malay Narratives

Hang Tuah is a culture hero who defines both himself and the Malays, along with their feudal and universal values. Three forms of existences have been bestowed on him by the peoples of the Malay Archipelago, i. e. the historical, the fictional and the oral. This paper attempts to trace the oral presence of Hang Tuah which is more varied, colourful, and in effect, more developed than the other two. At present, in Sungai Duyung, Singkep, Riau, Malacca and many places in the Archipelago, there is a wealth of stories about him, his origins, exploits, comrades and death. Many stories of the Sea Sekanaq of West Singkep, Riau claim that he originated from amongst their people. In Bintan, however, where his family found a home, some other famous stories are told of how he met his four friends, and his early relationship with the Bendahara and the Raja of Bintan. Hang Tuah and his family moved to Malacca when the new state became an important and wealthy port. Here, the stories refer to the village of Sungai Duyong in Malacca, its famous well, and his so-called mausoleum in Tanjong Keling. Stories of his life and contribution to the state were composed over time, and are quite different from addition to those of the Sulalat al-Salatin and the Hikayat Hang Tuah. The stories are still being composed and spread through the internet, an instrument of what I call the tertiary orality. Keywords: Â Hang Tuah, Malay identity, feudal values, origins, orang laut

Sacred Space Timeless Time: Reality and the Existence of Hang Tuah

What is real? Perhaps it lies in the concrete and tangible evidence of the existence of a person, or the occurrence of a historical event (or the profane dimension of reality). Yet intangibles (or the sacred dimension of reality) such as what we believe and what we feel are equally valid bases of our reality. Focusing on possibilities about the existence of Hang Tuah, warrior par excellence of the Malay world, the essay addresses issues of reality and existence. Initially, definitions of what is “real” and “reality” are explicated. Subsequently, drawing on Mircea Eliade’s ideas on the sacred and profane dimensions and based on hermeneutical principles of interpretation, the discussion explores the possibility of the existence of Hang Tuah. The discussion moves from a literal understanding (the text), to the literary language of Hikayat Hang Tuah (the subtext), to metaphysical considerations (the metatext). The essay presents a viewpoint of a traditional Malay society which participates in a sacred universe. Using the secular view as counterpoint, the essay explores different dimensions of time and space in the spiritual reality of Hang Tuah. It concludes that in order to constitute a holistic view of reality, both the corporeal and the incorporeal dimensions are necessary. Keywords: Hang Tuah, Malay traditional worldview, myth, reality, sacred universe, spiritual viewpoint

The Making of the Medieval Malay Hero Hang Tuah: Stories Behind the Epic Scene

The essay attempts to look at the scene behind the making of a hero in Malay medieval society. Such attempt is vital in order to understand not only the rise of a legendary hero, Hang Tuah, from his ordinary status in Sejarah Melayu (The Malay Annal) to his supra-human figure in the epic Hikayat Hang Tuah but also to gauge the social, political and psychological milieu behind the epic composition. The premise of the argument in this essay is that a hero is built and not born. Pushing it from there, the essay endeavours to prove the point by extensively reading on the milieu and time behind the emergence of Hikayat Hang Tuah . While exploring these, the essay also looks at the process of inventing the epic, which include identifying sources and materials borrowed, distorted, inverted and appropriated by the author to bring forth this traditional but unique literary creation. Keywords: epic, hero, heroism, heroic deeds, heroic age, ethnocentrism

Co-opting the Rival Ca(n)non the Turkish Episode of Hikayat Hang Tuah

Among specimens of traditional Malay literary polemics, or rather, “wars of books”, we find an interesting group of texts of the mid or late seventeenth century, which narrate how an Acehnese embassy was dispatched to Ottoman Turkey to obtain “large cannons”. Remarkably, alongside literary pieces composed in Aceh, this group also includes the Turkish episode of Hikayat Hang Tuah ( HHT ), the epic created in Johor which describes the epoch of the Malaccan sultanate. However, HHT is a double-layered work in which Malacca not infrequently stands for Johor, whose relations with Aceh were more often than not hostile. HHT ’s author covertly polemicizes against Acehnese literary works, striving to prove that Malacca (read Johor) allegedly established diplomatic relations with the Ottomans earlier than Aceh. HHT also attempts to show that its mission to Istanbul was much more successful than Aceh’s and that it completed the recognition of Malacca/Johor across the entire political space from China to Turkey. Yet, the political and literary agendas of HHT ’s author differ radically. In the former, the forces of repulsion hold sway, which leads HHT to depict the triumph of Johor in its rivalry with Aceh. In the latter, on the contrary, the forces of attraction dominate. For this reason the Turkish episode in HHT borrows the plot of Acehnese works, constructs its portrayals of Istanbul from a mosaic of Acehnese sources, and resorts to the grand Acehnese literary style of the “gold-and-jewel” variety. Keywords: traditional Malay literature, Hikayat Hang Tuah , Malacca, Johor, Aceh, Turkey, Istanbul, the Ottomans, Acehnese embassy, political agenda, palimpsest, war of books, gold-and-jewel style

Surveying on the Cultural Approaches for the Melaka Malay Houses

The architecture of Malay traditional houses is unique and has attractive features. One can see that all these features are not only functioning as ornamentation, but it relates to the Malay lifestyle which include religion and their culture. The early design of the Malay house was resulted mainly to the responsive climatic. If we look further detail, the Malay traditional house can be categorized according to the origin of the Malaysia states. The obvious differences of each state show the distinct creativity and skills of the locals in fulfil the need of their local culture.The traditional house is believes as the early architecture to the Malays. They built the house as a shelter and safety reason. Thorough times, it changes and develops with the inclusions of outside influences. The incoming of different religion to their lives changed their life as well as their culture and believed. Each influence enriches the architecture of the house itself. This traditional house is a symbol and pride of the Malays as it reflects the people in Malay archipelagos.Nowadays, traditional Malay houses are still developing from the impact of times. The influence of modern western architecture is seen diminishing the traditional elements in Malay houses. The Malay traditional house had become extinct and only some of them still remain. Luckily at some houses, the uniqueness and the specialties of Malay traditional house still can be seen.The study of this research will look into the Malay traditional houses in Melaka Tengah District and are located within the state of Melaka, Malaysia and within only a few minutes from the town centre. The research will be touched into four categories, which are: 1.The origin of the Malay house. 2. Physical, psychology and geography aspects of the traditional house. 3. The house form and spatial element such as the layout plan and it's relevant to the selected study houses. 4. A study on ornamentation, carving, motifs and the significant means of it as one of the special feature in this heritage architecture. On this paper, the study on selected Malay traditional houses in Melaka are a residence of Puan Kasmah Yassin at Km 6, Perigi Hang Tuah and a residence of Haji Bujang Siam at No. 861, Perigi Hang Tuah, Km 6,Kampung Duyong.

An Occasion for Collective Engagement: Shifting Political Hegemonies in Early Malay Epic Dramas

AbstractThe article discusses how the intertextual relationship between film, performing arts, literature, and the liberal capitalist structure of the Malay film studio system was exploited by British colonialists and Malay intellectuals alike to encourage the formation of nationalistic aspirations in the 1950s and 1960s. Although Malay epics were seen to portray a particularly Malay‐centric view of feudal societies, they imply a wider political objective when the production histories of three epic films – the legend of Hang Tuah (1956), his nemesis Hang Jebat (1961), and the folktale Raja Bersiong (1968) – are reviewed. Malaysia's first Prime Minister's incorporation of plays in his political campaigns and forays into film suggests his belief that the media could be instrumental in projecting an indigenised national identity. Created for a wide cinematic audience, such films encouraged cinemas’ function as the space of convergence where members of Malaysia's plural society could participate in the undifferentiated cinematic experience.

Marriage of the Disciplines of Literature and Geography (GIS): Analysing the Location and Function of Mountains in Selected Works of Asian Literature

Mountains and hills (hereinafter referred to as mountains) are a special part of God’s creation. In addition to being mentioned in the Qur’an as being “bolts” of the Earth and water catchment areas, mountains are seen in a variety of religious and cultural traditions as being sacred and special places. There are thus many Asian literary works that boast of mountains existing in their locations. This paper seeks to examine why mountains are such an important element in the life of society by examining them in terms of their location and function. This study will use spatial information technologies such as Geographic Information System (GIS) to aid understanding of literary works, namely by taking the views of Harvey (1973) that “geographical space has a close relationship with the culture of a place”. Thus the location of an area will be linked to its function in terms of cultural space, social space, economic space, ideological space, and space movement. In this article, GIS will be used to map the location mountains that play a role in literary works to try to see the elements of space and the location of the mountain together with the cultural and narrative elements of the work. Among the literary works selected in which the location and function of these mountains will be observed are Sejarah Melayu (The Malay Annals), Hikayat Hang Tuah , Hikayat Seri Kelantan , Hikayat Seri Rama (Nusantara), Syakuntala (India), and Dewi Putih , as well as Liang Shan-Bo and Zhu Ying-Tai (China). Based on these works, it is found that mountains are important because they serve several functions such as the residence of rulers or spirits (ghosts, spirits, fairies); as a sacred place inhabited by the gods; as the source of the inheritance of kings; as places of study or for seeking spiritual and physical knowledge; as well as places that are rich in medicinal herbs. In the end, this essay shows that the nature of the mountains studied may explain the link between location and the culture of a certain race. Keywords : Geographic Information System, Sejarah Melayu , Global Positioning System, spirit, Asian Literature

‘The Legend You Thought You Knew’: Text and Screen Representations of Puteri Gunung Ledang

This article traces the evolution of narratives about the supernatural woman said to live on Gunung Ledang, from oral folklore to sixteenth-century courtly texts to contemporary films. In all her instantiations, the figure of Puteri Gunung Ledang can be interpreted in relation to the legitimation of the state, with the folklore preserving her most archaic incarnation as a chthonic deity essential to the maintenance of the ruling dynasty. By the time of the Sejarah Melayu and Hikayat Hang Tuah, two of the most important classical texts of Malay literature, the myth of Puteri Gunung Ledang had been desacralized. Nevertheless, a vestigial sense of her importance to the sultanate of Melaka remains. The first Malaysian film that takes her as its subject, Puteri Gunung Ledang (S. Roomai Noor, 1961), is remarkably faithful to the style and substance of the traditional texts, even as it reworks the political message to suit its own time. The second film, Puteri Gunung Ledang (Saw Teong Hin, 2004), again exemplifies the ideology of its era, depoliticizing the source material even as it purveys Barisan Nasional ideology.