Muscle Handgrip Research Articles

Functional impairment in COPD can be predicted using genomic-derived data

ObjectiveReduced functional capacity and muscle weakness are two major contributors to functional impairment in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The underlying causes of functional impairment are poorly understood and, therefore,...

Role of sarcopenia in Temporal progression trajectory of cardiometabolic diseases: a prospective study in UK biobank

BackgroundAlthough sarcopenia has been linked to a range of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs, including coronary heart disease [CHD], stroke, and diabetes here), its role in the temporal progression from healthy to single CMD, subsequently to cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM, coexistence of ≥ 2 CMDs in an individual), and further to death remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to examine the associations of sarcopenia with the risk of CMDs, CMM, and mortality along the CMD progression trajectory.MethodsWe used data from UK Biobank of 413,326 participants free of CMDs at baseline. Multi-state models were used to analyze the transition-specific associations of sarcopenia status measured by handgrip strength, muscle mass, and gait speed (according to the 2019 European Working Group of Sarcopenia in Older People 2) with the progression from no CMD to single CMD, CMM, and ultimately to death. The role of specific sarcopenia components was also assessed.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 13.1 years, 51,705 participants experienced ≥ 1 CMD, 6,003 had CMM, and 24,495 died. Compared with people free of sarcopenia, participants with confirmed/severe sarcopenia had higher risk experiencing transitions from no CMD to single CMD or death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42 and 2.08) and also higher risk from single CMD to CMM progression or death (HR 1.69 and 2.05). Significant associations were observed for participants with probable sarcopenia with smaller effect sizes. All three sarcopenia components increased the risk of most transitions, and stronger associations were observed for low gait speed. In stratified analyses, the associations between sarcopenia and mortality-related transitions were modified by specific lifestyles.ConclusionsSarcopenia is an independent risk factor of CMD, CMM progression, and all-cause mortality among middle-aged and older people.

Comparative effects of integrated physical training with a high protein diet versus a regular protein diet in post-COVID-19 older men with sarcopenia symptoms

BackgroundSarcopenia has become a significant health issue, particularly as a common consequence of COVID-19 in older adults.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the clinical and psychological effects of integrated physical training...

Association between handgrip strength and muscle mass in children 6 to 10 years old.

Association between handgrip strength and muscle mass in children 6 to 10 years old.

The Relationship of Sarcopenia with Disease Stage and Activities of Daily Living in Parkinson's Patients

Aim: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disease, presenting with motor and nonmotor findings. The relationship between clinical features and sarcopenia in Parkinson's patients is not clear, and the evaluation of this relationship is imperative in terms of preventing falls and disabilities. Our study aimed to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with PD and to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia screening test and disease stage, walking speed, hand grip muscle strength, and activities of daily living. Material and Method: Male and female patients with clinically confirmed PD aged 50 years and older were included in the cross-sectional descriptive study. Disease staging was evaluated using the Hoehn-Yahr scale, walking speed with the Time Up and Go test (TUG), muscle strength with a hand dynamometer, activities of daily living with the Barthel Index, and the SARC-F test for sarcopenia. Results: Of the 52 patients included in the study, 40.4% were female and 59.6% were male, and the mean age was 69.86±8.14 years. SARC-F score was high in 51.4% of the patients. The disease stage was associated with an increase in SARC-F scores. The increase in SARC-F scores was positively correlated with the increase in the TUG test (p=0.028, r=0.306), while the SARC-F score was negatively correlated with activities of daily living. (p=0.000, r=-0.684). Eighty-one-point three percent of the women with low hand muscle strength had high SARC-F scores, and the difference between them was statistically significant. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that sarcopenia was prevalent among patients with PD, with its prevalence increasing in direct proportion to the progression of the disease. Furthermore, patients exhibiting high sarcopenia levels demonstrated reduced walking speed and impaired daily living abilities. These observations underscore the critical importance of incorporating sarcopenia evaluations into the development of rehabilitation programs for patients.

Development and validation of the sarcopenia composite index: A comprehensive approach for assessing sarcopenia in the ageing population.

The diagnosis of sarcopenia relies on key indicators such as handgrip strength, walking speed and muscle mass. Developing a composite index that integrates these measures could enhance clinical evaluation in older adults. This study aimed to standardise and combine these metrics to establish a z score for the sarcopenia composite index (ZoSCI) tailored for the ageing population. Additionally, we explore the risk factors associated with ZoSCI to provide insights into early prevention and intervention strategies. This retrospective study analysed data between January 2017 and December 2021 from an elderly health programme in Taiwan, applying the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria to assess sarcopenia. ZoSCI was developed by standardising handgrip strength, walking speed and muscle mass into z scores and integrating them into a composite index. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine optimal cut-off values, and multiple regression analysis identified factors influencing ZoSCI. Among the 5047 participants, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 3.7%, lower than the reported global prevalence of 3.9-15.4%. ROC curve analysis established optimal cut-off points for distinguishing sarcopenia in ZoSCI: -1.85 (sensitivity 0.91, specificity 0.88) for males and -1.97 (sensitivity 0.93, specificity 0.88) for females. Factors associated with lower ZoSCI included advanced age, lower education levels, reduced exercise frequency, lower body mass index and creatinine levels. This study introduces ZoSCI, a new compo-site quantitative indicator for identifying sarcopenia in older adults. The findings highlight specific risk factors that can inform early intervention. Future studies should validate ZoSCI globally, with international collaborations to ensure broader applicability.

Development and validation of the sarcopenia composite index: A comprehensive approach for assessing sarcopenia in the ageing population

Introduction: The diagnosis of sarcopenia relies on key indicators such as handgrip strength, walking speed and muscle mass. Developing a composite index that integrates these measures could enhance clinical evaluation in older adults. This study aimed to standardise and combine these metrics to establish a z score for the sarcopenia composite index (ZoSCI) tailored for the ageing population. Additionally, we explore the risk factors associated with ZoSCI to provide insights into early prevention and intervention strategies. Method: This retrospective study analysed data between January 2017 and December 2021 from an elderly health programme in Taiwan, applying the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia criteria to assess sarcopenia. ZoSCI was developed by standardising handgrip strength, walking speed and muscle mass into z scores and integrating them into a composite index. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine optimal cut-off values, and multiple regression analysis identified factors influencing ZoSCI. Results: Among the 5047 participants, the prevalence of sarcopenia was 3.7%, lower than the reported global prevalence of 3.9–15.4%. ROC curve analysis established optimal cut-off points for distinguishing sarcopenia in ZoSCI: -1.85 (sensitivity 0.91, specificity 0.88) for males and -1.97 (sensitivity 0.93, specificity 0.88) for females. Factors associated with lower ZoSCI included advanced age, lower education levels, reduced exercise frequency, lower body mass index and creatinine levels. Conclusion: This study introduces ZoSCI, a new composite quantitative indicator for identifying sarcopenia in older adults. The findings highlight specific risk factors that can inform early intervention. Future studies should validate ZoSCI globally, with international collaborations to ensure broader applicability.

Lower-extremity muscle strength is associated with prognosis in patients with advanced or recurrent lung cancer: a retrospective, observational study

BackgroundWe aimed to examine associations between various sarcopenia indices—including skeletal muscle index (SMI), handgrip strength, lower-extremity muscle strength, a combined measure of handgrip and lower-extremity muscle strength, sarcopenia (defined as a combination of SMI and muscle strength), and the SARC–F questionnaire—and all-cause mortality in patients with advanced or recurrent lung cancer. Moreover, we aimed to identify factors influencing sarcopenia indices that demonstrate strong correlations with prognosis, aiming to inform the development of targeted interventional strategies.MethodsThis retrospective observational study enrolled outpatients with lung cancer who underwent chemotherapy. Patients were evaluated for sarcopenia indices, including SMI, handgrip strength, five-repetition sit-to-stand test (5STS), and SARC–F. Physical activity was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ–SF). The log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model, adjusted for confounders, were used to examine the association between the sarcopenia index and prognosis. Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) was used to quantify the predictive power of the resultant model. To examine the significant factors associated with sarcopenia indices, which are associated with prognosis, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsThere was a significant association between low handgrip strength (hazard ratio [HR], 2.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–6.25; P = 0.017), 5STS ≥ 12 s (low lower-extremity muscle strength) (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.23–4.36; P < 0.01), the combination of low handgrip strength and 5STS ≥ 12 s (HR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.23–4.57; P = 0.010), and sarcopenia (defined as a combination of SMI and muscle strength) (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.02–4.21; P = 0.044) and survival, whereas there was no significant association between SMI (HR, 1.62; 95% CI, 0.74–3.53; P = 0.20) and SARC–F (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 0.97–4.43; P = 0.061) and survival. The C-index for handgrip strength and 5STS was 0.625 (95% CI: 0.624–0.627) and 0.635 (95% CI: 0.634–0.636), respectively. Multivariate logistic analysis adjusted for age, sex, clinical stage, and treatment line showed that IPAQ–SF was an independent significant factor associated with 5STS ≥ 12 s (odds ratio [OR], 9.31; 95% CI, 2.93–29.58; P < 0.001), the combination of low handgrip strength and 5STS ≥ 12 s (OR, 6.45; 95% CI, 2.10–19.81; P = 0.001), and sarcopenia (OR, 4.90; 95% CI, 1.52–15.84; P = 0.008).ConclusionsHandgrip strength and lower-extremity muscle strength were stronger predictors of prognosis compared to the SMI. Furthermore, physical inactivity was significantly associated with lower-extremity muscle strength. From a clinical perspective, evaluating lower-extremity strength and physical activity is essential, and implementing exercise interventions, including strategies to enhance physical activity levels, should be considered.

Causal Association Between Chronic Inflammatory Arthropathies and Sarcopenia and the Mediation Role of Inflammatory Factors.

Although chronic inflammatory arthropathies (CIA) are associated with sarcopenia, sarcopenia plays a role in their pathogenesis remains unknown. This study investigated the causal relationship between sarcopenia and CIA and to identify potential mediating factors. We examined data from 458 910 participants in the UK Biobank to analyze the association between sarcopenia-related traits and CIA. Associations between hand-grip strength, muscle mass, walking pace, and CIA were analyzed using Cox regression models. Then, we performed a mediation analysis to explore the underlying mechanisms. Individuals with low hand-grip strength exhibited a 1.88-fold (95% CI 1.73-2.05), 2.22-fold (95% CI 2.02-2.45), and 1.36-fold (95% CI 1.32-1.41) increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA), and osteoarthritis (OA), respectively. The HRs for sarcopenia were 1.64 (95% CI 1.15-2.32) for RA, 1.83 (95% CI 1.21-2.77) for SpA, and 1.26 (95% CI 1.09-1.45) for OA. Additionally, individuals with a slow walking pace exhibited a 1.83-fold (95% CI 1.66-2.02), 3.58-fold (95% CI 3.25-3.95), and 1.82-fold (95% CI 1.77-1.88) increased risk of RA, SpA, and OA, respectively. Furthermore, we identified inflammatory markers as possible mediators of the causal effects of low hand-grip strength on the development of CIA. Our findings suggest that sarcopenia is independently associated with an increased risk of CIA, which is partially mediated by inflammation factors.

Effects of a 6-month rowing training program in breast cancer survivors.

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to determine the effects of a rowing training program on physical fitness and body composition in female breast cancer survivors (56.78 ± 6.38 years). Over six months, the participants (n = 40) performed two training sessions per week for an average of 75 minutes, combining resistance and muscle strength exercises with rowing. To evaluate the impact of the program, physical fitness tests and anthropometric measurements were carried out before and after the training protocol. The results show statistically significant improvements in measures such as weight (-1.84 kg), BMI (-0.7 kg/m2), hip (-3.24 cm) and waist circumference (-2.45 cm). In addition, variables associated with physical fitness also improved including leg strength (3.04 cm), dominant handgrip strength (4.24 kgf), non-dominant handgrip strength (3.49 kgf), aerobic endurance (78.35 m) and muscle flexibility (3.96 cm). We can therefore conclude that a rowing-based exercise program is an effective strategy to improve physical fitness in this type of population, yielding improvements in both anthropometric measurements and basic physical capacity variables, essential factors for better health and quality of life.

Muscle parameters in men and oxidative stress markers

BackgroundThe oxidative handicap hypothesis posits that testosterone-dependent traits, such as muscle mass and strength, may be costly to develop due to testosterone’s pro-oxidative properties, leading to increased oxidative stress. This hypothesis suggests that only individuals with superior biological conditions can afford these costs. This study examines the oxidative handicap hypothesis, exploring the relationship between muscle mass or handgrip strength and oxidative stress markers in men.MethodsHandgrip strength and muscle mass were measured in 179 men, with muscle mass assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and handgrip strength measured using a hydraulic dynamometer. Serum testosterone levels and antioxidant capacity were measured. 8-OH-dG, 8-epi-PGF2α, and protein carbonyls were measured to evaluate oxidative stress level. Pearson’s correlation and multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine the relationships between handgrip strength, muscle mass, and oxidative stress markers, controlling for age, serum testosterone levels, and antioxidant capacity.ResultsNo significant correlations were found between handgrip strength and oxidative stress markers, even when controlling for muscle mass, antioxidant capacity, testosterone levels, and age.ConclusionsThe study’s findings do not support the oxidative handicap hypothesis in the context of muscle parameters in men. The results suggest that testosterone-driven traits like handgrip strength or muscle mass may not necessarily incur oxidative stress costs in healthy young men, possibly due to effective compensatory antioxidant mechanisms. Factors like lifestyle, diet, and genetic predisposition, which were not controlled in this study, could also influence the observed outcomes and should be included in future research.

Effects of sarcopenia on changes in prevalence of patients with depressive mood during hospitalization in geriatric rehabilitation.

The effect of sarcopenia on depressive mood during geriatric rehabilitation remains unclear. This study investigated the potential influence of sarcopenia on depressive mood among geriatric patients in a rehabilitation setting. This observational cohort study enrolled 204 patients aged ≥65 years (mean: 78.8±7.6 years, 45.1% women) admitted to a rehabilitation unit between April 2020 and July 2021. Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 Consensus Update on Sarcopenia Diagnosis and Treatment (AWGS2019) criteria, which include low handgrip strength and muscle mass. Depressive mood was defined as a 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale score of ≥6 points. We applied logistic regression models to examine the influence of sarcopenia on depressive mood at discharge. We observed sarcopenia in 58.3% of patients. The logistic regression model showed that sarcopenia negatively influenced depressive mood at discharge (odds ratio, 5.460; 95% confidence interval, 2.344-13.415). Of the 68 patients without depressive mood at admission, those with sarcopenia (n=31) had a significantly higher incidence of depressive mood at discharge compared with patients without sarcopenia (n=37) (41.9% vs. 16.2%, p=0.037). Sarcopenia at admission negatively affected depressive mood at discharge from geriatric rehabilitation. Thus, early and routine assessment of sarcopenia is vital for patients undergoing geriatric rehabilitation.

Dizziness and unstable gait in the older adults are associated with vestibular hypofunction, muscle dysfunction and sleep disturbance: impact on prevention of accidental falls

BackgroundDizziness and unstable gait with resultant falls are common symptoms among the older adults. Most of studies have focused on statistical analysis regarding single factor related to dizziness and unstable gait. On the other hand, there are very few comprehensive studies using a large number of patients except several review papers.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed a total of 164 aged patients with dizziness and unstable gait. The patients underwent description of the Japanese version of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), measurements of vestibular function, handgrip muscle strength, physical performance, height-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and vitamin B1 and B12, a full-night polysomnography study, cognition test and visual test.ResultsAverage age was 80.5 ± 6.1 years and ranged from 59 to 91 years. Forty-eight were males and 116 females. Three causative factors, namely vestibular hypofunction, muscle dysfunction and sleep disturbance, were independently and combinedly associated with dizziness and unstable gait in over 93% of the patients. Patients with higher scores defined by these three causative factors had higher scores of DHI. 23% of the patients showed vitamin B1 and/or B12 deficiency, which was highly associated with sarcopenia/frailty. Cognitive and visual impairment were recognized in 4.9% and 5.0%, respectively.ConclusionDizziness and unstable gait were mainly associated with vestibular hypofunction, muscle dysfunction and sleep disturbance. In addition, vitamin B1 and B12 deficiency, and cognitive and visual impairment secondarily contribute to dizziness and unstable gait. Appropriate selection of treatment according to the underlying causes would prevent accidental falls among the older adults.

Shoulder Pain, Kinesiophobia, Emotional State and Muscle Strength in Breast Cancer Surgery Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. The life expectancy of patients is increasing with advances in treatment. However, lymphovascular, musculoskeletal, and psychogenic complications are reported to be expected in the follow-up period after breast cancer surgery. Kinesiophobia is the behavior of avoiding movement for fear of increased pain. Research on the frequency and interrelationships of kinesiophobia and other complications in the follow-up period is limited. Aim: We aim to evaluate shoulder pain, kinesiophobia, emotional state and muscle strength in female patients who have undergone breast cancer surgery and are in the follow-up period and to examine the relationship between these factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 female patients who underwent unilateral breast cancer surgery and were using aromatase inhibitors were included in this cross-sectional descriptive study. Demographic data, details of the surgical procedure and medical treatment information were recorded from the patient files. Hand grip muscle strength was measured by hand dynamometer, the Beck Depression Scale assessed emotional state, and the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale assessed fear of movement. A Beck Depression Scale score of 10 and above and a Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale of 37 and above were considered significant. Results: The mean age of 50 female patients was 59.31 ± 11.19 years. Sixty percent of the patients had undergone surgery on the right breast and 40% on the left breast. Shoulder pain (n:31) was present in 62%. There were statistically significant correlations between pain and the Tampa kinesiophobia scale and the Beck depression scale (p:0.042, p:0.038). Kinesiophobia was present in 74% of the patients, and 64% had moderate to severe depression. The mean of the Tampa Kinesiophobia scale was 42.86±8.81, and the mean of the Beck depression scale was 15.19±10.98. When the relationship between kinesiophobia and depression was evaluated, a statistically positive significant relationship was found between them (p=0.005, r=0.410). The hand grip strength was 22.16±5.00 kg on the right and 18.22±5.10 kg on the left in patients who underwent left-sided breast cancer surgery. A significant difference was found in the left- and right-hand grip strength of those who underwent left-sided surgery for breast cancer (p

Abstract 4141368: Increasing handgrip strength in patients with cardiovascular diseases is associated with improving ejection fraction in the longitudinal study

Background: Weakness of muscle strength is one of the indicators of frailty. Moreover, frailty is associated with the prognosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, no reports examine the association between improving ejection fraction (EF) and handgrip strength (HGS) in the longitudinal study. Purpose: To investigate the factors related to handgrip muscle strength in patients with CVD Methods: We recruited 133 patients with CVD who all performed HGS and echocardiography twice on the first and second visit. Furthermore, we measured blood samples such as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and haemoglobin (Hb) twice on the first and second visit as well. We applied to investigate factors such as the newly presented anaemia, ΔBNP(second visit-first visit), ΔHGS (second visit-first visit), Δleft ventricular end-diastolic diameter (Dd) (second visit-first visit). Two types of assessment were used for EF improvement. One is improving ΔEF, defined as an increase from the baseline. The other is improving ΔEF&gt;10%, defined as a 10% increase from the baseline. Results: The average follow-up period was 1.5±1.1 years. EF, BNP, and HGS baseline data were 50±19 %, 128±178 pg/mL, and 28.6±10.2 kg, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, increasing HGS and decreasing Dd were independent risk factors for improving ΔEF&gt;10% (increasing HGS: OR 3.69 CI 1.32-10.3, p=0.013; decreasing Dd: OR 3.76 CI 1.41-10.0, p=0.008). Moreover, in multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, increasing HGS was only an independent factor for improvingΔEF (OR 2.31 CI 1.05-5.07, p=0.038). Conclusions: In patients with CVD, improving ΔEF&gt;10% was associated with decreased Dd and increasing HGS. Furthermore, improving ΔEF was associated with increasing HGS. Increased handgrip strength was a significant factor in EF improvement.

Maximal exercise capacity, peripheral muscle strength, sleep quality, and quality of life in adult patients with stable asthma

Objective The prevalence of asthma is increasing gradually worldwide. The pathophysiological process of asthma causes some alterations in the respiratory system and decreases oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange and respiration volume. These alterations may affect maximal exercise capacity, peripheral muscle strength, sleep quality, and disease-specific quality of life but have yet to be comprehensively investigated. To compare maximal exercise capacity, pulmonary function, peripheral muscle strength, dyspnea, sleep quality, and quality of life in adult patients with asthma, healthy controls were aimed. Methods Forty-one adult stable asthmatic patients (GINA I–III) and 41 healthy subjects were compared. Exercise capacity (cardiopulmonary exercise test [CPET]), pulmonary function (spirometry), peripheral muscle strength (dynamometer), dyspnea (modified Medical Research Council [mMRC] dyspnea scale), quality of life (Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire [AQLQ]) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) were evaluated. Results Peak VO2, VO2kg, MET, VE, HR, %VE, %HR, VCO2 parameters of CPET, FVC, FEV1, FEF25–75%, and FEV1/FVC and quadriceps femoris, shoulder abductors, and hand grip muscle strength were significantly decreased in patients with asthma (p < 0.05). MMRC dyspnea scale score was increased, and AQLQ and PSQI scores decreased in asthma patients (p < 0.05). Conclusions Cardiac and pulmonary system responses to peak exercise worsened, and maximal exercise capacity and peripheral muscle strength decreased in adult patients with stable asthma. In addition, dyspnea during daily activities increases, and quality of life and sleep quality are impaired. A variety of exercise training that would benefit asthmatic patients’ outcomes should be investigated.

The associations of n-3 fatty acid intake with handgrip strength and muscle mass indices in older adults: a cross-sectional study from UK Biobank

There is strong evidence that low muscle strength and muscle mass are associated with an increased the risk of mortality and morbidity.⟨1⟩ Muscle mass and strength progressively decline from around the fourth decade⟨2⟩, a process known as sarcopenia, for which there is no effective pharmacological treatment.⟨3⟩ Current literature indicates that resistance exercise and/or supplementation with n-3 fatty acids can be beneficial for muscle strength and mass in older adults.⟨4⟩ However, the sample sizes in these studies are relatively small and are restricted to only resistance exercise. The relationship between dietary n-3 fatty acid intake, rather than supplements, and general physical activity, rather than resistance exercise, and muscle strength and mass remain unknown. The aim of the current study, therefore, was to investigate the associations of n-3 fatty acid intake with handgrip strength and muscle mass indices in older adults. A secondary aim was to investigate whether these associations differed by physical activity status.Analyses included 53,994 participants from the UK biobank study (25,773 men and 28,221 women). Participants were aged 60 years or older with complete data for outcome, predictor and covariate variables. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between n-3 fatty acid intake and grip strength index (kg/m²) and muscle mass index (kg/m²) in three separate models. All analysis were performed stratified by sex and physical activity status (active/inactive). Model 1 was adjusted for age, ethnicity, deprivation index and month of assessment. Model 2 was also adjusted for total energy intake and model 3 was also adjusted for multimorbidity count.In model 3 there were positive associations between n-3 fatty acid intake and grip strength index in women with a 0.03 kg/m² (95% CI 0.00 to 0.06 kg/m²) higher grip strength index seen in those who were active and a 0.04 kg/m² (95% CI 0.00 to 0.08 kg/m²) higher grip strength index in those who were inactive for each additional gram of n-3 fatty consumed per day, with no associations in active (p = 0.355) or inactive (p = 0.186) men. In model 3, no association between n-3 fatty acid and muscle mass index were seen in men who were active (p = 0.981) or inactive (p = 0.331) and in women who were active (p = 0.843) or inactive (p = 0.058).Although n-3 fatty acid intake was significantly associated with grip strength index in older women, regardless of their activity status, the magnitude of this association was very small and unlikely to be clinically relevant. Additionally, n-3 fatty acid was not associated with muscle mass index. Therefore, manipulation of n-3 fatty acid intake within the normal dietary range is unlikely to be an effective strategy to prevent and/or treat sarcopenia and n-3 fatty acid supplements are likely required.

Anthropometric equation has sufficient diagnostic capacity to identify sarcopenia in women with breast cancer

BackgroundSarcopenia is a common condition in women with breast cancer, however still presents limitations for an effective diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the agreement and diagnostic accuracy of an anthropometric equation in diagnosing sarcopenia in women with breast cancer based on different constructs.MethodsCross-sectional study carried out with women with breast cancer aged ≥ 20 years. Sarcopenia was identified according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) criteria. Muscle strength was obtained by the handgrip strength test (HGS) and muscle mass (MM) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and by the anthropometric predictive equation. For the diagnosis of sarcopenia, eight constructs were proposed based on the MM assessment method (equation or DXA) and different cutoff points. Agreement analyses using Cohen’s Kappa test and diagnostic performance measures were performed. The significance level for all tests was 5%.ResultsA total of 122 women, with a mean age of 55.3 ± 11.4 years, were evaluated. There was a predominance of brown participants (50.8%), insufficiently active (57.4%), with diagnosis time ≤ 3 months (54.1%), and with invasive breast carcinoma (69.7%). The prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 3.3 to 8.2%, depending on the construct used. The constructs determined from the cutoff points < 16.0 kg/< 7.58 m² and < 23.0 kg/< 7.58 m² were the ones that showed the best ability to detect sarcopenia.ConclusionThe anthropometric equation showed sufficient diagnostic capacity to be used as an alternative in identifying sarcopenia in women with breast cancer.

The associations of n-3 fatty acid intake with handgrip strength and muscle mass indices in older adults: A cross-sectional study from UK Biobank

ObjectivesTo investigate the associations of n-3 fatty acid intake with handgrip strength and muscle mass indices in older adults. A secondary aim was to investigate whether these associations differed by physical activity status. Research methods & proceduresA cross-sectional study included 53,170 participants aged 60 years and over from the UK biobank (25,324 men and 27,846 women). The primary outcomes were grip strength index and muscle mass index, the predictor variable was n-3 fatty acid intake and the covariates were age, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, physical activity, multimorbidity count, total energy intake, body fat percentage and the month of assessment. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed across 5 models. Model 1 was unadjusted; model 2 adjusted for age, ethnicity, deprivation index and month of assessment; model 3 adjusted as in model 2 plus total energy intake; model 4 as in model 2 plus multimorbidity count; and model 5 as in model 4 plus body fat percentage. ResultsIn model 5, higher n-3 fatty acid intake was positively associated with the grip strength index in women. For each additional gram of n-3 fatty acid consumed per day, there was an increase of 0.03 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.06 kg/m2) in active women and 0.04 kg/m2 (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.07 kg/m2) in inactive women. However, no significant associations were observed in men, whether active (p = 0.405) or inactive (p = 0.323). Additionally, no significant associations were found between n-3 fatty acid intake and muscle mass index in either active (p = 0.858) or inactive (p = 0.250) men, or in active (p = 0.909) or inactive (p = 0.187) women. ConclusionAlthough n-3 fatty acid intake was associated with grip strength index in older women, regardless of their activity status, the magnitude of this association was very small and unlikely to be clinically relevant. Additionally, n-3 fatty acid was not associated with muscle mass index.

6427 Impact of Adrenalectomy On Frailty And Muscle Function In Patients With Mild Autonomous Cortisol Secretion: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Abstract Disclosure: J. Saini: None. V. Fell: None. B. Atkinson: None. S. Achenbach: None. I. Bancos: None. Background: Patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) have a higher prevalence of frailty and reduced muscle strength as compared to patients with nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas or subjects without adrenal disorders. Objective: To determine the impact of adrenalectomy on frailty and parameters of functional strength in patients with MACS. Methods: We conducted a single-center prospective longitudinal study of adults with MACS scheduled for adrenalectomy and referent subjects evaluated between 2018 and 2023. MACS was defined as serum cortisol&amp;gt;1.8 mcg/dL after 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test in patients with adrenal adenomas and no features of overt hypercortisolism. Referent subjects were included if they had abdominal imaging and had no adrenal disorders. Patients and referent subjects had a baseline and a follow-up evaluation at least 10 months later. Differences were assessed using paired t-tests for (1) Frailty Index (FI)--calculated using a questionnaire containing 47 variables on comorbidities, symptoms, and daily living activities (frailty defined as FI&amp;gt;0.25) (2) physical function assessed using handgrip strength (Jamar Plus digital hand dynamometer), timed up-and-go test (time taken to rise from a chair, walk to and from 3 m, and sit down), gait speed, 6-minute walk test, and (3) Advanced Glycation End (AGE) Product (using AGE reader). Results: We evaluated 41 patients before and after adrenalectomy, and 31 referent subjects at baseline and follow-up visit, at a similar interval (median 1.6, IQR 1.2-2.0 vs 1.5 years, IQR 1.0-2.2, P=0.759). While sex distributions were no different between the 2 groups (women, 66% vs 84%, P=0.086), patients with MACS were older than the referent group (median age 57.3, IQR 48.8-66.9 vs 49.0, IQR 41.7-57.9 years, P=0.005). Post-adrenalectomy, FI decreased by a mean of 0.057 (SD 0.08), P&amp;lt;0.001 in patients, and remained unchanged in the referent group. AGE decreased in patients by 0.148 (SD 0.45), P=0.04 but not in referent subjects (-0.047, SD 0.242, P=0.5). Patients demonstrated no improvement in parameters of muscle strength: gait speed (mean change 0.305 m/s, P=0.453), 6-minute walk test (mean change 16.4 meters, P=0.201), dominant (mean Z score change -0.055, P=0.72) and nondominant (mean Z score change -0.199, P=0.192) hand grip muscle strength. At follow-up, both patients (mean change 1.897 seconds, P&amp;lt;0.001) and referent subjects (mean change=1.475 seconds, P&amp;lt;0.001) demonstrated a deterioration on the timed up-and-go test. Conclusions: While no improvement was seen in the parameters of muscle strength, adrenalectomy improved the frailty index in patients with MACS. In addition, AGE, a biomarker associated with cardiovascular morbidity, decreased after adrenalectomy, suggesting a beneficial cardiovascular impact of MACS reversal. Presentation: 6/1/2024