Half Of Period Research Articles

Coherent control of the photoinduced transition in a strongly correlated material

The use of intense tailored light fields is the perfect tool to achieve ultrafast control of electronic properties in quantum materials. Among them, Mott insulators are materials in which strong electron-electron interactions drive the material into an insulating phase. When shining a Mott insulator with a strong laser pulse, the electric field may induce the creation of doublon-hole pairs, triggering a photoinduced transition into a metallic state. In this paper, we take advantage of the threshold character of this photoinduced transition and we propose a setup that consists of a midinfrared laser pulse and a train of short pulses separated by a half period of the midinfrared with alternating phases. By varying the time delay between the two pulses and the internal carrier envelope phase of the short pulses, we achieve control of the phase transition, which leaves its fingerprint at its high harmonic spectrum.

Abrupt change of a thermal front in a high-biomass coastal zone during early spring

Coastal fronts play vital roles in local biogeochemical environment. An abrupt change of Zhejiang-Fujian coastal front (ZFCF) during early spring was well captured by multi-source satellite-retrieved sea surface temperature images. Here in this study, we investigated the mechanism of the abrupt decay with a combination of satellite observation and numerical simulation. Correlation analysis of long-term reanalysis data indicates that the variability of wind, heat flux and the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal current (ZFCC) have significant relationships with the variation of ZFCF in winter. Following heat budget analysis points out that net heat flux and horizontal advection are important in determining the net temperature tendency difference between two water masses of ZFCF during this process. To further explore the intrinsic physical roles of different dynamic factors, a comprehensive numerical investigation was conducted. Compared with the observations, the model reproduced the abrupt change process of the ZFCF satisfyingly. Sensitive experiments reveal that the weakening of the ZFCC, caused by the relaxation of the monsoon, contributes to the abrupt decay of ZFCF in the first half period, and heating effect of the Kuroshio Intrusion (KI) water gives rise to the following half period of the decay under the recovered monsoon. Further, with the impact of the KI water after the change, the ZFCF can be maintained even if the ZFCC is weak, whereas in January, the contribution of the KI water to the formation of the ZFCF seems to be limited under the prevailing monsoon. Besides, the riverine discharge and the tidal forcing can also modulate the spatiotemporal variation of ZFCF, the decrease of the river input also intensifies that decay, while tides fix the front at a specific depth.

On Loops in Water Wave Branches and Monotonicity of Water Waves

We give a quite simple approach how to prove the absence of loops in bifurcation branches of water waves in rotational case with arbitrary vorticity distribution. The supporting flow may contain stagnation points and critical layers and water surface is allowed to be overhanging. Monotonicity properties of the free surface are presented. Especially simple criterium of absence of loops is given for bifurcation branches when the bifurcation parameter is the water wave period. We show that there are no loops if you start from a water wave with a positive/negative vertical component of velocity on the positive half period.

Remarkable Predictions in Azerbaijani Science Fiction Literature

In the article, the topic of predictions, which is one of the factors that form the basis of science fiction works written in Azerbaijani literature, is covered in a wide and detailed manner, historical and scientific evaluation is given to them. Azerbaijani science fiction works are closely related to Western European science fiction literature and have reached certain achievements in this field. It is known that one of the main themes of science fiction works is the predictability factor. The article has analized the important predictions described in the works of “The Future City” written by Y.V. Chamanzaminli and “RT-1”, “Polar Lights in Mughan”, “ When Missouri Overflowed”, “Symphony of Life”, “The Spaceship” by Emin Mahmudov, “The Adventures of a Little Cyber” by Namig Abdullayev and the predictions that have been confirmed according to the period of writing are revealed and studied. In the work of “The Future City” Y.V. Chamanzaminli predicted an effective method of the distance examination and treatment through the Internet; possibility of artificial rain; a special device with a safety sensor installed in cars used in our days, which is the latest achievement of modern technology, electronic billboards and monitors displaying announcements, political and public information, city events, and weather information; medical innovations such as USI – medical examination with the help of ultraviolet rays, CT – computer tomography, laser crushing of kidney stones into small pieces and removing them by laser, transplantation of organs such as heart and liver, artificial eye and other new technologies. The predictions described in the work shows that the well-known Azerbaijani prose writer Y.V. Chamanzaminli gave deep information about the innovations in medical sciences, significantly anticipating the writing period in the first half of the last century. The results obtained on the basis of the analyzes carried out in the research are of both theoretical and practical importance.

Changes in In-Hospital Survival and Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Extremely Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Study of a Japanese Tertiary Center

The objective of this study was to elucidate whether the survival and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely preterm infants have improved in a Japanese tertiary center with an active treatment policy for infants born at 22-23weeks of gestation. This single-centered retrospective cohort study enrolled extremely preterm infants treated at Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, from 2003 to 2014. Patients with major congenital abnormalities were excluded. Primary outcomes were in-hospital survival and severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 6years of age, which was defined as having severe cerebral palsy, severe cognitive impairment, severe visual impairment, or deafness. We assessed the changes in primary outcomes between the first (period 1; 2003-2008) and the second half (period 2; 2009-2014) of the study period and evaluated the association between birth-year and primary outcomes using multivariate logistic regression models. Of the 403 eligible patients, 340 (84%) survived to discharge. Among 248 patients available at 6years of age, 43 (14%) were classified as having severe NDI. Between the 2 periods, in-hospital survival improved from 155 of 198 (78%) to 185 of 205 (90%), but severe NDI increased from 11 of 108 (10%) to 32 of 140 (23%). In multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for gestational age, birthweight, sex, singleton birth, and antenatal corticosteroids, the aOR (95% CI) of birth-year for in-hospital survival and severe NDI was 1.2 (1.1-1.3) and 1.1 (1.0-1.3), respectively. Mortality among extremely preterm infants has improved over the past 12years; nevertheless, no significant improvement was observed in the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Two-Dimensional Nonlinear Thouless Pumping of Matter Waves.

We consider theoretically the nonlinear quantized Thouless pumping of a Bose-Einstein condensate loaded in two-dimensional dynamical optical lattices. We encountered three different scenarios of the pumping: a quasilinear one occurring for gradually dispersing wave packets, transport carried by a single two-dimensional soliton, and a multisoliton regime when the initial wave packet splits into several solitons. The scenario to be realized depends on the number of atoms in the initial wave packet and on the strength of the two-body interactions. The magnitude and direction of the displacement of a wave packet are determined by Chern numbers of the populated energy bands and by the interband transitions induced by two-body interactions. As a case example we explore a separable potential created by optical lattices whose constitutive sublattices undergo relative motion in the orthogonal directions. For such potentials, obeying parity-time symmetry, fractional Chern numbers, computed over half period of the evolution, acquire relevance. We focus mainly on solitonic scenarios, showing that one-soliton pumping occurs at relatively small as well as at sufficiently large amplitudes of the initial wave packet, while at intermediate amplitudes the transport is multisolitonic. We also describe peculiarities of the pumping characterized by two different commensurate periods of the modulations of the lattices in the orthogonal directions.

On the History of the Palladian Architecture in British Colonies. On the Example of the Singapore Architecture in the First Half of the 19th Century

The article deals with the history of the spread of the Palladian tradition in the architecture of the British colonies. The reasons why the spread of the architectural style was not ubiquitous are revealed in detail. A list of English colonial possessions and a brief description of the specific policy conditions that influenced the architecture development in each of the regions are given. Specific examples demonstrate the change processes in the Singapore architecture. The selfless activity of F.Raffles, the Governor of Singapore, who was passionate about A.Palladio’s ideas in architecture, is described. Examples of projects of public buildings and private mansions are considered. Different periods of style transformation are highlighted; certain examples demonstrate the specific influence of local building materials, climate, public sentiment and social order on architecture. The question of the neoclassicism influence on Palladian architecture and the emergence of neo-Palladian design during the eclectic period is raised. Also, the description contains examples of architectural projects from other countries in the region, in particular Sri Lanka and Burma. Some of the examples go beyond the chronological period of the first half of the 19th century in order to demonstrate the establishment of the Palladian tradition in some countries of Southeast Asia. Colonial Palladianism is evaluated on the example of the architecture of Singapore and India.

Decline in Running Performance in Highest-Level Soccer: Analysis of the UEFA Champions League Matches.

Simple SummaryHighest-level soccer players reduce match running performance towards the end of matches, with TD being greater reduced than HIR. As players do not reduce their MRP in the latest stages of the second half, and that influence of situational factors was not observed, it seems that the decline of match running performance in highest-level soccer may not be a consequence of fatigue or situational factors but of pacing strategies.It is widely recognized that there is a decline in match running performance (MRP) towards the end of matches. To clarify whether it is primarily a consequence of fatigue, pacing or situational influences, this study aimed to examine MRP across 15-min match periods for players on different playing positions. Players’ MRP (n = 244) were examined from the UEFA Champions League matches (n = 20) using a semiautomatic optical tracking system. Linear mixed models for repeated measures were adjusted to analyze MRP over the six 15-min match periods while controlling the influence of situational factors. No effects of match outcome, match location, team, and opponent quality on total distance (TD) and high-intensity running (HIR) for players in all playing positions were found (F = 0.03–2.75; all p > 0.05). Significant differences in TD (F = 17.57–53.01; η2 = 0.39–0.52, all large effect sizes) and HIR (F = 3.67–7.64; η2 = 0.05–0.19, small to medium effect sizes) among six 15-minute match periods were found for players in all playing positions. In addition, players in all playing positions covered less TD (d = 1.41–2.15, large to very large effect sizes) and HIR (d = 0.16–0.6, trivial to medium effect sizes) in the last compared to the first 15-min match period. No differences in TD and HIR between the last two match periods in the second half were observed. This study confirmed that soccer players reduce MRP towards the end of matches, and suggest that the decline of MPR in highest-level soccer may be a consequence of pacing strategies.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE AGRARIAN POLICY OF THE WHITE MOVEMENT GOVERNMENTS OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA DURING THE CIVIL WAR (1918–1920)

The article attempts to carry out a comparative analysis of the agrarian policy pursued by the governments of the White Movement during the Civil War (1918–1920). The period of the second half of the XIX – early XX century was marked by the development of land relations in the Russian Empire. Despite serfdom abolition, peasant land scarcity continued to be the main problem of the peasant issue. The First World War, like the Russian-Japanese war, was supposed to be a small victorious war in order to postpone making the final decision on the agrarian issue. Absence of reforms combined with a protracted nature of the war contributed to the emergence of new liberal democratic forces in Russia. Beginning with February 1917, the Provisional Government tried to pursue a revolutionary policy to raise the authority of the government among soldiers, peasants and workers. However, political misconceptions and mistakes contributed to further power decentralization in Russia, which led first to the counter-revolution formation, and only then to isolation of the White Movement from this united front. With small resources, the leaders of the European part of the movement faced a problem that was not yet solved. Despite the Decree on Land adopted by the Soviet government, redistribution of land was not carried out, the agrarian issue continued to be acute, especially in the outskirts, which were under the rule of the whites. In contrast to the Decree on Land, the leaders of the White Movement had to pursue their own policy, which would be more attractive to the peasant masses. 95% of the population of Russia was peasants, so to gain their support would mean victory in the civil war. The regional and the national character of the White Movement determined future agrarian policy. It is also necessary to take into account that domestic policy was implemented in wartime conditions, which affected the effectiveness of reforms. Contradictions between the right-wingers and left-wingers delayed the development and implementation of reforms, which ultimately resulted in their failure. However, despite this, the white governments managed to lay a regulatory framework in their territorial entities, while taking into account the national and climatic specifics of the region.

PSX-A-1 Impacts of Undigestible NDF and Grain Source in Feedlot Steers on Performance, Feeding Behavior, and Ruminal pH

Abstract Little is known about how fiber quality impacts rumen health in feedlot diets with minimal forage inclusion. The objective of the study is to investigate the interaction between undigestible NDF (uNDF) levels and grain fermentability (GF) on animal performance, feeding behavior, and ruminal pH in feedlot steers. Using a 2x2 factorial design, Angus crossbred steers (n=96, 505±54 kg) were fed an isonitrogenous and isocaloric diet containing: high uNDF (haylage; 12% uNDF) or lower uNDF (corn silage, 6% uNDF) and high (high moisture corn) or lower ruminally fermentable grain (rolled corn) yielding 4 different treatments. Following adaption, steers were fed their treatment ration for 102±14d before slaughter. Feed intake (DMI) and feeding behavior data were collected using Insentec feeders and continuous ruminal pH was measured during the last 4 weeks before slaughter using indwelling pH probes (12 steers/treatment). Liver abscesses and gut health scores were assessed at slaughter. Steers on the low uNDF diet had greater ADG (P≥0.005) and improved F:G (P≥0.005) for the first half of the finisher period. No other differences in performance traits were found for the second half or overall finisher period between uNDF and GF, or their interaction. DMI (P≥0.64) did not differ, but time spent at the feeder (min/day) was greater (P≥0.02) for low GF steers. Steers fed low uNDF had greater (P≥0.04) time per day spent with ruminal pH below pH 5.8. At slaughter, steers fed high GF treatments had greater hot carcass weights (P≥0.03). This data suggests that low uNDF can improve early gain but may result in increased SARA risk compared to high uNDF at the same forage inclusion level. However, there was limited interaction with grain processing. Further research should continue to investigate relationships between uNDF and ruminal pH, and dietary uNDF concentrations that optimize performance without compromising gut health.

Improved Recovery Time and Voltage Stability for Resistive Superconductor Fault Current Limiters

Fault current levels occurring in power systems force the breaking capacities of the breakers. In the power system elements, the generator, transformer, cables, etc., are exposed to the dangerous effects of fault current until the breaker clears the fault. Various limiting methods have been developed to eliminate this adverse situation in recent years. One of these methods is Superconducting Fault Current Limiters (SFCL). With the discovery of High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS), SFCL's Resistive type has become more popular. Resistive SFCL (R-SFCL), based on the non-linear resistance property of superconducting materials, limits the fault within the first half period. However, it cannot provide such a fast response after the fault. The time required to regain the superconducting state after the fault is the recovery time. For R-SFCL manufacturers, recovery time is a design parameter that must be kept short. This study examines limiting performance, recovery time, and voltage stability with the dynamic model created using MATLAB/Simulink. With the shunt breaker method proposed in the study, the recovery time was shortened, and the voltage stability improved.

Plasma Heating and Nanoflare Caused by Slow-mode Wave in a Coronal Loop

We present a detailed analysis of a reflecting intensity perturbation in a large coronal loop that appeared as a sloshing oscillation and lasted for at least one and a half periods. The perturbation is initiated by a microflare at one footpoint of the loop, propagates along the loop, and is eventually reflected at the remote footpoint where significant brightenings are observed in all of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly extreme-ultraviolet channels. This unique observation provides us with the opportunity to better understand not only the thermal properties and damping mechanisms of the sloshing oscillation but also the energy transfer at the remote footpoint. Based on differential emission measures analysis and the technique of coronal seismology, we find that (1) the calculated local sound speed is consistent with the observed propagation speed of the perturbation during the oscillation, which is suggestive of a slow magnetoacoustic wave; (2) thermal conduction is the major damping mechanism of the wave but an additional damping mechanism such as anomalous enhancement of compressive viscosity or wave leakage is also required to account for the rapid decay of the observed waves; (3) the wave produced a nanoflare at the remote footpoint, with a peak thermal energy of ∼1024–1025 erg. This work provides a consistent picture of the magnetoacoustic wave propagation and reflection in a coronal loop, and reports the first solid evidence of a wave-induced nanoflare. The results reveal new clues for further simulation studies and may help with solving the coronal heating problem.

Reduced Vector Model Predictive Control of ANPC Inverter for PMSM Drives With Optimized Commutation

In this work, a new reduced vector model predictive control (RV-MPC) method is proposed for full silicon-carbide (SiC)-MOSFET modules-based three-level active neutral-point-clamped (3L-ANPC) inverter fed permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The main purpose of this approach is to reduce the computational burden of conventional MPC for ANPC inverters while optimizing the current commutation paths. To reduce the computational burden, the proposed algorithm is implemented by two steps. In the first step, the expected <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dq</i> -axis voltages are predicted, and then, the positive and negative half cycles are determined through a hysteresis sign calculation algorithm. In the second step, only eight switching states need to be enumerated under the defined half period, which is remarkably reduced from 27 to 8. The neutral point potential balance and switching effort penalization are also considered in the proposed method. Moreover, the ANPC inverter can achieve more even loss distribution and better thermal characteristics with the optimized commutation, which is profitable for the high-power drive applications. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated by simulations and experimentally verified on a platform of 11-kW PMSM drives.

Adverse events associated with Covishield vaccination among healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in South India

BackgroundVaccination is the most important prophylactic measure taken to curb COVID-19 pandemics. This study was undertaken to throw light on the safety of Covishield vaccine among health care workers (HCWs) and to assess the co-variates associated with incidence of adverse events. MethodsThis prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care center in South India as part of the HCW vaccination drive. All consenting HCWs who received the first dose of Covishield vaccine and developed ADRs were included in this study. After vaccination, all beneficiaries were monitored for AEFI for a period of half an hour and later followed up through telephone and google survey forms on day 2 and day 7 of vaccination. The data was subsequently collated into spreadsheet format and analyzed. ResultsThe study included 1264 consenting healthcare workers who were predominantly youth, aged 15–24 years (n = 583, 46 %) and with a female preponderance of 76 % (n = 960). Past history of COVID-19 infections was reported among 4.6 % (58) of the study population. Postvaccination symptoms were majorly reported during the first (40 %) and second day (44 %) after vaccination with a high prevalence of both local (n = 1083, 85 %) and systemic symptoms (n = 1065, 84 %). The mean duration of symptoms was observed to be 1.4 ± 0.81 days post vaccination. Symptoms were observed significantly high among females (76.7 %, p = 0.013). The prevalence of systemic (88 % vs 80 %) (p < 0.001) and allergic symptoms (7 % vs 3 %; p = 0.03) were observed to be significantly high among respondents with <25 years of age. The systemic and allergic symptoms following vaccination were reported to be low among healthcare workers who had a previous history of COVID-19 infection. ConclusionCOVID vaccination has been observed to be safe and well tolerated with more systemic symptoms reported among younger age group and females.

A comprehensive study on vibration characteristics of corrugated cylindrical shells with arbitrary boundary conditions

The vibration characteristics of corrugated shells under arbitrary boundary conditions are investigated by theoretical analysis, finite element simulation and experimental verification. Firstly, based on a homogenization analytical technique, the equivalent orthotropic shell model is set up. Then, the strain-displacement relationships are received by Love thin shell theory, where artificial springs are applied to denote the arbitrary boundary conditions. Afterwards, modified Fourier series are selected to represent the displacement fields, and the Rayleigh-Ritz method is employed to acquire natural frequencies of corrugated shells. The modal expansion approach is applied to gain forced vibration responses. Finally, the effects of unit cell half period, unit cell radius, unit cell height and different boundary conditions on vibration characteristics of corrugated shells are studied.

The Interpretation of Verbal Probabilities: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

Verbal probabilities such as "likely" or "probable" are commonly used to describe situations of uncertainty or risk and are easy and natural to most people. Numerous studies are devoted to the translation of verbal probability expressions to numerical probabilities. The present work aims to summarize existing research on the numerical interpretation of verbal probabilities. This was accomplished by means of a systematic literature review and meta-analysis conducted alongside the MOOSE-guidelines for meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology. Studies were included, if they provided empirical assignments of verbal probabilities to numerical values. The literature search identified 181 publications and finally led to 21 included articles and the procession of 35 verbal probability expressions. Sample size of the studies ranged from 11 to 683 participants and covered a period of half a century from 1967 to 2018. In half of the studies, verbal probabilities were delivered in a neutral context followed by a medical context. Mean values of the verbal probabilities range from 7.24% for the term "impossible" up to 94.79% for the term "definite". According to the results, there is a common 'across-study' consensus of 35 probability expressions for describing different degrees of probability, whose numerical interpretation follows a linear course. However, heterogeneity of studies was considerably high and should be considered as a limiting factor.

Analysis and Visualization of the Instantaneous Spatial Energy Density and Poynting Vector of the Wireless Power Transfer System

This study analyzes the instantaneous spatial energy density and Poynting vector in the WPT system and presents time-varying distributions and animations of this energy density and Poynting vector. First, the energy density is decoupled by two self-energy densities of each coil and the mutual energy density of the two coils. Result reveals how the energy is stored in the WPT system. Second, the Poynting vector is analyzed, and it is found that the power is transferred only in the last half period of the Poynting vector, not at every moment of the whole period. This instantaneous Poynting vector also possesses a characteristic that shows no power flow on the condition that the current phase difference equals zero. This finding is different from the energy density and indicates that the instantaneous Poynting vector can perfectly interpret how power is transferred in the WPT system. Finally, a simulation and an experiment were conducted to verify the correctness of the analysis. This study contributes to a deeper and better understanding of the intrinsic characteristics of energy storage and power flow in the WPT system, and can be referred to for WPT system design and optimization when one considers the EMC or human electromagnetic field exposure problem.

Research trends on ash stabilization in the pavement during 2002-2021.

Incineration ash stabilization in the pavement is an effective approach to reduce environmental impact and proper disposal. This study aimed to achieve a bibliometric analysis of "ash stabilization in pavement" research during 2002-2021, considering language, chronological trends, source types, subject areas, document types, affiliations, journals, countries, and author keywords. Also, social network analysis (SNA) was used for trends mapping and global collaboration determination among countries. The results exposed that the number of publications has been significantly increased by more than 14-fold over the studied period. Engineering (42%), material science (17%), and environmental science (10%) were three major subject areas. The USA, by 383 publications, was the leading country, followed by India (370) and China (288). The most independent rate of the publications belonged to India (93%), while Australia ranked 1st in cooperator publications (63.4%). The "Construction and Building Materials" published the most related articles, followed by "Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering" and "Road Materials and Pavement Design." Among the top ten productive institutes and organizations, four affiliations were from China, and three institutes were from the USA. Edil, T.B. (34) from the USA, Arulrajah, A. (29) from Australia, and Horpibulsuk, S. (24) from Thailand were the most productive authors. "Fly ash," "compressive strength," "durability," "geopolymer," "strength," and "resilient modulus" had the most growth rate in recent years, based on the author keywords analysis. Besides, the increase of emerging keywords, "pervious concrete," "reclaimed asphalt pavement," and "lateritic soil" are noteworthy in the second half period.

Rapid eye movement sleep in adolescent females with borderline personality disorder

Objective: The aim of the study was detecting Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep abnormalities in adolescent females with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Method: A case control study included a convenient sample of 30 adolescent females with BPD compared to 30 matched healthy controls. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and an overnight sleep lab polysomnographic study were applied to both groups to assess sleep. Results: Patients with BPD were subjectively dissatisfied with the quality of sleep compared to controls (p&lt;0.001). Abnormalities in REM sleep in patients when compared to controls were higher REM percent (p=0.001), shorter REM latency (p=0.001), higher REM density (p=0.001) and higher number of REM periods in the first half of the night (p=0.000). Conclusion: REM sleep abnormalities are found in adolescent patients with BPD, which may be considered as trait markers for BPD.

Experimental and simulated investigation of microdischarge characteristics in a pin-to-pin dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor

Both experimental and simulated studies of microdischarge (MD) are carried out in a dielectric barrier discharge with a pin-to-pin gap of 3.5 mm, ignited by a sinusoidal voltage with a peak voltage of 10 kV and a driving frequency of 5 kHz. Statistical results have shown that the probability of the single current pulse in the positive half-period (HP) reaches 73.6% under these conditions. Experimental results show that great luminous intensity is concentrated on the dielectric surface and the tip of the metal electrode. A 1D plasma fluid model is implemented by coupling the species continuity equations, electron energy density equations, Poisson equation, and Helmholtz equations to analyze the MD dynamics on the microscale. The simulated results are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results. The simulated results show that the MD dynamics can be divided into three phases: the Townsend phase, the streamer propagation phase, and the discharge decay phase. During the streamer propagation phase, the electric field and electron density increase with the streamer propagation from the anode to the cathode, and their maximal values reach 625.48 Td and 2.31 × 1019 m−3, as well as 790.13 Td and 3.58 × 1019 m−3 in the positive and negative HP, respectively. Furthermore, a transient glow-like discharge is detected around the anode during the same period of streamer propagation. The formation of transient glow-like discharge is attributed to electrons drifting back to the anode, which is driven by the residual voltage in the air gap.