Half Of Questions Research Articles

Collaborative Testing in Medical Education: Student Perceptions and Long-Term Knowledge Retention.

Collaborative testing blends collaborative learning and assessment, engaging small groups of students in answering exam questions as a team. Previous studies have shown that collaborative testing promotes increased student performance and short-term knowledge retention over individual testing alone. In this mixed-methods study, we examined the effects of collaborative testing on preclinical medical students' long-term retention of basic science knowledge, as well as students' approaches and perceptions of collaborative testing. Small groups of students consecutively experienced two conditions after their individual exams: collaborative testing, where they answered half of the exam questions together, and group exam review, where they discussed the other half of the questions with answers provided. Eight months later, students individually took a post-test that included a subset of the questions they had previously encountered in the context of collaborative testing and a subset of questions from group exam review. We found that both post-test performance and knowledge retained from initial individual exam to post-test were significantly higher for the collaborative testing condition. Qualitative findings suggest that knowledge retention was enhanced by collaborative processes and repeated knowledge retrieval elicited by collaborative testing. While students were appreciative of opportunities to discuss ideas and work as a team, many expressed negative opinions about not being certain of correct answers and experiencing interpersonal conflict in collaborative testing. We discuss implications of these findings to enhance design of collaborative testing opportunities and learning environments that support knowledge retention, productive views of authority and certainty of knowledge, and effective collaborative practice.

Comparison of Social Cognitive Measures Toward Healthy Eating Measured by the Nutrition Quotient for Adults in Marriage Immigrant Women in Metropolitan Areas of South Korea (P04-105-19)

ObjectivesThis study was to investigate whether social cognitive measures toward healthy eating are related to diet quality and eating behaviors among marriage immigrant women in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. MethodsA questionnaire was based on the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) and included the personal, behavioral and environmental factors from the SCT. The questionnaire developed by literature review, qualitative interviews, and pilot field test. The quality of diet and eating behaviors were assessed using the Nutrition Quotient for adults (NQ-A), which was validated and translated into subjects’ mother tongue. The survey was conducted on 153 marriage immigrant women from China, Vietnam, Japan, Philippines, Cambodia, Mongolia, Taiwan and Russia residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Around 49.0% of subjects (n = 75) need monitoring according to the NQ-A scores. ResultsFirst, in personal factors assessing importance and confidence for healthy eating, scores of self-evaluative outcome expectations and self-efficacy were lower in subjects required monitoring compared to their counterparts. Second, in behavioral factors, a half of questions regarding behavioral strategies for healthy eating showed lower scores in subjects required monitoring. Last, in environmental factors, scores of social support were also lower in the monitoring required group, which indicates they were less likely to receive help from family members for healthy eating than their counterparts. ConclusionsThe results from this study suggest that individual dietary behaviors can be changed by individual, behavioral, and environmental factors from the perspective of social cognitive theory. Funding SourcesThis study was supported by the grants from Seoul Metropolitan Government and the National Research Foundation of Korea.

Evaluation of compliance of the principles of voice hygiene and emission among teachers

Introduction: Teachers constitute an occupational group where voice disorders associated with vocation are most often observed. Incorrect voice emission and neglect of voice hygiene are mentioned among the causes of those disorders. Aim: Assessment of compliance with voice hygiene and emission among teachers and determination of differences between preschool and primary school teachers; identifying relationships between provided answers and age, years of service and weekly work hours as well as determining which principles of voice hygiene and emission are complied with the most and which are least followed. Material and methods: Study included 90 preschool and primary school teachers, 68 women and 22 men with mean age of 39.5 ± 10.9 (range: 23-59 years). In the study we used a questionnaire created specifically for this purpose and a survey, where respondents reported their age, workplace, years of service and number of hours when they used their voice. Results: Teachers provided answers consistent with the principles of voice hygiene and emission in about half of questions on average. There was a relationship between workplace, age and the degree of compliance with the rules of voice hygiene and emission. To the smallest extent teachers followed the rules related to physical activity, water consumption as well as voice emission during infection and in noise. Conclusions: Studies corroborated the need for training teachers regarding voice hygiene and emission.

Clinicians\u2019 perceptions of usefulness of the PubMed4Hh mobile device application for clinical decision making at the point of care: a pilot study

BackgroundAlthough evidence-based practice in healthcare has been facilitated by Internet access through wireless mobile devices, research on the effectiveness of clinical decision support for clinicians at the point of care is lacking. This study examined how evidence as abstracts and the bottom-line summaries, accessed with PubMed4Hh mobile devices, affected clinicians’ decision making at the point of care.MethodsThree iterative steps were taken to evaluate the usefulness of PubMed4Hh tools at the NIH Clinical Center. First, feasibility testing was conducted using data collected from a librarian. Next, usability testing was carried out by a postdoctoral research fellow shadowing clinicians during rounds for one month in the inpatient setting. Then, a pilot study was conducted from February, 2016 to January, 2017, with clinicians using a mobile version of PubMed4Hh. Invitations were sent via e-mail lists to clinicians (physicians, physician assistants and nurse practitioners) along with periodic reminders. Participants rated the usefulness of retrieved bottom-line summaries and abstracts and indicated their usefulness on a 7-point Likert scale. They also indicated location of use (office, rounds, etc.).ResultsOf the 166 responses collected in the feasibility phase, more than half of questions (57%, n = 94) were answerable by both the librarian using various resources and by the postdoctoral research fellow using PubMed4Hh. Sixty-six questions were collected during usability testing. More than half of questions (60.6%) were related to information about medication or treatment, while 21% were questions regarding diagnosis, and 12% were specific to disease entities. During the pilot study, participants reviewed 34 abstracts and 40 bottom-line summaries. The abstracts’ usefulness mean scores were higher (95% CI [6.12, 6.64) than the scores of the bottom-line summaries (95% CI [5.25, 6.10]). The most frequent reason given was that it confirmed current or tentative diagnostic or treatment plan. The bottom-line summaries were used more in the office (79.3%), and abstracts were used more at point of care (51.9%).ConclusionsClinicians reported that retrieving relevant health information from biomedical literature using the PubMed4Hh was useful at the point of care and in the office.

1406 - Knowledge Assessment of Medical and Oncological Terminology in Lung Cancer Patients

ABSTRACT Introduction Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers. Clear information about diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and its side effects is important in cooperation between patients and medical staff. The aim of the study was to find out what lung cancer patients know about their disease and treatment. Material and methods 50 lung cancer patients (41 - 70 years old) were included to the study. All patients were treated with radiotherapy, 39 patients (78%) have been previously treated by chemotherapy, 13 patients (26%) were after surgery. All patients have been informed by doctors about their cancer, treatment and side effects before radiotherapy started and got written information. Subjects filled out questionnaires that included closed questions with 5 responses, of which one was correct, 3 incorrect, and the last: “I do not know”. The wording used in the survey, such as: neoplasm, cancer, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, side effects, itching, peeling skin, etc., came from a consent form including side effects of treatment. Statistical analysis was done based on Chi2 test, descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The significance level was p Results No one of lung cancer patients answered all asked questions correctly. Eleven patients (22%) were unable to properly answer any question. Only 15 pts (30%) were able to correctly answer at least half of questions. Only 8 people (16%) knew the right definition of cancer and there were no differences in this knowledge between patients age, sex, education, place of living and treatment obtained. Right awareness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy had 32% and 39% of patients, respectively. More than 50% of patients did not know what side effects or itching, skin's exfoliation, sleep disorders mean. Interestingly, about 42% of patients knew the right definition of cardiac arrhythmias. We found out that only level of education is a predictor of better knowledge for many terms, like e.g.: neoplasm, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, sides effects (p Conclusions Knowledge about cancer and treatment-related terms is very poor in lung cancer patients. Level of understanding varies depending on level of education and some on place of residence. Further studies are needed. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.