Gymnastics Research Articles

Sports intensity and energy consumption based on fractional linear regression equation

Abstract Objective The objective is to analyse and explore the characteristics of physical exercise intensity, energy expenditure and substrate metabolism using Baduanjin and the ninth broadcast gymnastics as examples. Methods The indirect calorimetry of German CORTEX Metamax 3B portable gas met bolometer was used to determine the resting energy consumption of different age and sex of healthy people and related indexes such as the energy consumption and fat metabolism ratio in the ninth set of radio gymnastic exercises. Results The metabolic equivalents of Baduanjin and radio gymnastics were 2.68 and 5.07, and the average heart rate was 76.14 l/min and 97.3 l/min, which were higher than those at rest (P <0.01). In radio gymnastics, the energy consumption level of men is higher than that of women (P <0.05), but the proportion of fat metabolism of women is higher than that of men (P <0.05). For 20–39 years old, when they are quiet, do Baduanjinhe and do radio gymnastics, the energy consumption of the subjects was 1828.7 kcal/d, 4008.8 kcal/d and 6355.6 kcal/d, respectively and for the ages of 40–59, they were 1822.6 kcal/d, 4047.4 kcal/d, and 8204.13 kcal/d, respectively. The ratios are significantly different; the energy consumption and fat energy supply ratio of the exercise group in the radio gymnastics group are significantly higher than those in the Baduanjin group, and the exercise group is significantly higher than that in the quiet group (P <0.05); The heart rate and weight were calculated and the energy consumption equations of Ba Duan Jin and radio gymnastics were established. The equations have statistical significance. Conclusion Ba Duan Jin is a low-intensity exercise while radio gymnastics is a medium-intensity exercise; Comparing energy consumption and fat of Ba Duan Jin and the ninth set of radio gymnastics, the energy ratio of the energy consumption of the ninth set of broadcast gymnastics body was significantly higher than Baduanjin movement; linear regression equation can provide a scientific basis for daily exercise and sports training, thus can promote the national fitness plan.

RELATIONS OF MOTOR ABILITY OF BALANCE AND SUCCESS OF PERFORMANCE OF GYMNASTICS ELEMENTS ON THE FLOOR EXERCISE

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between motor ability for balance and the performance of selected gymnastic elements on the floor in students aged 7-8 years, to provide an overview of the current motor status of the respondents at this age, and to develop suggestions for possible changes in the curriculum at this age, and to develop suggestions for supplementing training methodology. Training of selected gymnastics elements was conducted on a sample of 42 subjects who had no previous experience in performing gymnastics elements during regular physical education classes, and the predictor variable was tested using four tests assessing motor balance ability. The tests assessing motor balance ability showed a statistically significant predictive value for the performance of all three gymnastics exercises. It is noticeable that the value of the prediction model increased the more complex an item was derived, indicating the complexity of the motor balance space and the high and stable level of the same in the subjects at the time of testing. Regarding the tests used, it can be noted that the test FLAM was significantly involved in the prediction of performance success in all three gymnastic elements, while the other two tests showed their predictive value in the execution of the hand stand. On the other hand, the study shows that the gymnastic elements used should be used in physical education classes to contribute to the promotion and development of all motor skills of students and as part of the preparation for the execution of more complex elements on the floor and apparatus in higher grades.

Peran Orang Tua, Atlet, Klub, Masyarakat, KONI, dan Pemerintah dalam Perkembangan Olahraga Senam Lantai (Artistik) di Kabupaten Rembang

ABSTRACT
 Dewi Wahyu Riana. 2021. The Role of Parents, Athletes, Clubs, Communities, Koni, and The Government in the Development of Floor Gymnastics (Artistic) in Rembang Regency. Final project, Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Faculty of Sports Sciences, State University of Semarang. Advisor: Dr. Heny Setyawati, M.Si.
 Keywords: Development of Gymnastics
 The background of this research is the lack of development of floor gymnastics (artistic) in Rembang Regency. The purpose of this research is to find out the role of parents, athletes, clubs, communities, koni and the government in the development of floor gymnastics (artistic) in Rembang Regency.
 This study uses qualitative methods, the subjects of this study are parents of athletes, athletes, coaches, communities, KONI, and the government of Rembang Regency. Data collection techniques use observations, interviews, and documentation.
 The results of this study found that the role of the athlete's parents entirely allowed their children to follow the sport of floor gymnastics (artistic), but some parents were less assertive in disciplining children. For athletes, the obstacles complained about are about inadequate facilities and infrastructure. From the coach is the difficulty of regenerating athletes due to the lack of willingness from children to train and the lack of strictness of parents, besides that facilities and infrastructure are inadequate. From the community supports the existence of floor gymnastics (artistic), but the lack of socialization makes floor gymnastics (artistic) less desirable. From KONI and the government the lack of direct surveys to training grounds makes this sport less noticed.
 The conclusion of this study that some parents are less assertive in disciplining children. From athletes obstacles complained about facilities and infrastructure. From the coach is the difficulty of regenerating athletes, the lack of strict parents, inadequate facilities and infrastructure. From the community supports the existence of floor gymnastics, but the lack of socialization makes floor gymnastics (artistic) less desirable. From KONI and the government the lack of direct surveys to the training ground. The advice given by researchers is 1) The parents of athletes are expected to support and support their children to perform better. 2) For athletes more passionate in training and responsible. 3) The coach is expected to remain passionate and patient in training. 4) Society should encourage and participate more in supporting the achievements of athletes. 5) The role of the government is expected to be more optimal in fostering the sport of floor gymnastics (artistic).

Effect of 12 Weeks Core Training on Core Muscle Performance in Rhythmic Gymnastics.

Simple SummaryThe aim of this study was to analyze the effect of 12 weeks of core muscle training on core muscle performance in rhythmic gymnasts. Core strength training leads to improvements in body composition, as well as improvements in trunk strength and increases in muscle electromyographic activity. These improvements could therefore improve performance during competitive rhythmic gymnastics exercises.Background: Rhythmic gymnastics performance is characterized by technical elements involving flexibility, aerobic capacity and strength. Increased core strength in rhythmic gymnastics could lead to improved sporting performance. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of 12 weeks of core muscle training on core muscle performance in rhythmic gymnasts. Methods: A randomized controlled study involving 24 rhythmic gymnastics was conducted. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (CG; n = 12; age 13.50 ± 3.17 years) or a training group (TG; n = 12; age 14.41 ± 2.35 years). Body composition, isometric strength of trunk, core endurance and core muscle electromyographic activity were measured (EMG) after 12 weeks of core training. Independent sample t-tests were carried out to compare baseline values between groups. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) (time × group) was applied. Results: The TG improved body composition, trunk lean mass (mean differences MD = −0.31; p = 0.040), lean mass (MD = 0.43; p = 0.037) and bone mass (MD = −0.06; p < 0.001) after training. Core training increased isometric strength of trunk, flexion test (MD = −21.53; p = 0.019) and extension test (MD = 22.7; p = 0.049), as well as the prone bridge core endurance test (MD = −11.27; p = 0.040). The EMG values also increased in the TG in prone bridge for front trunk (MD = −58.58; p = 0.026). Conclusions: Core strength training leads to improvements in body composition, as well as improvements in trunk strength and increases in muscle electromyographic activity. These improvements could therefore improve performance during competitive rhythmic gymnastics exercises.

Pregnancy Exercises for Pregnant Women at Home During the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Work Area of the Telaga Biru Health Center, Gorontalo Regency

Pregnancy exercise is a fitness program intended for pregnant women. Therefore, pregnancy exercise has the principles of special movements that are adapted to the condition of pregnant women. The exercises in pregnancy gymnastics are specially designed to make pregnant women healthy and fit, reduce complaints that arise during pregnancy, and prepare physically and psychologically for mothers to face childbirth. The purpose of community service is to increase knowledge of pregnant women about Pregnancy Exercises during pregnancy in the Telaga Biru Health Center Work Area in order to increase health care during pregnancy during the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used is education using Power Points, Leaflets, and demonstrations about Pregnancy Exercises for Pregnant Women during the Covid-19 Pandemic. . The results of this activity achieved good results because as many as 10 pregnant women were willing to take part in counseling and were willing to apply Maternity Gymnastics at home during the Covid-19 pandemic. The conclusion of this community service is that counseling can increase participants' knowledge and can understand and apply counseling materials in everyday life

Efficiency of back muscles training and balance therapy in rehabilitation of patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures.

Medical rehabilitation of patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures (VF) remains an insufficiently developed topic and requires additional research. Aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of back muscles training and balance therapy in rehabilitation of patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Prospective, interventional, open-label, controlled study in two parallel groups, performed in inpatient department settings at “National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology” during 2018. The study involved 120 patients (11 men and 109 women) aged 40-80 (mean age 65.4±9.1 years) who were admitted for medical rehabilitation for systemic OP and VF. The rehabilitation program in the main group included: 1) Mechanotherapy on the Back-Therapy-Center Dr. Wolf complex with biofeedback (Germany); 2) Balance therapy on a double unstable COBS platform, with biofeedback (Germany); 3) Hydrokinesiotherapy in a pool; 4) Gymnastic exercises (Gorinevskaya-Dreving method). Results. The use of the three-week program of physical rehabilitation using mechanotherapy, balance therapy and special complexes of physiotherapy exercises in the gym and in the pool in patients with osteoporotic VF significantly increases the strength of the muscle corset, helps to eliminate the existing muscle deficit in TE and TF and results in a more physiological distribution of the strength ratio between TE and TF. The rehabilitation program improves the function of static and dynamic balance, both with closed and open eyes, which can be observed in the return of the center of gravity to a physiological position and in improved reaction speed to changes in body position. Usage of mechanotherapeutic methods in rehabilitation of patients with osteoporotic VF is effective for basic motor function improvement and disability reduction.

Systematic review of aquatic physical exercise programs on functional fitness in older adults.

The practice of physical exercise is recommended in the prevention of the deterioration of neuromuscular functions in aging. The objectives of this systematic review were to describe the protocols used and the functional fitness indicators evaluated in aquatic exercise programs in adults aged 50 to 80 years. The Pubmed database was used. The keywords were: 1) Physical exercise program or protocols or duration or type of exercise or aquatic exercise, frequency or intensity or indicators; 2) Adults or older adults; 3) Training or indicators, functional fitness, physical fitness. The search strategy considered the components of the Population, Interventions, Comparators, Outcomes, and Study design (PICOS) tool. Nine experimental studies were identified. These studies developed protocols to improve functional fitness in adults aged 50 to 80 years. They were based on sessions of 2 to 5 per week, the work time per session was 30 to 60min, intensities varied between 50 to 95% and totaled between 4 to 24 weeks of intervention. The activities were based on aquatic gymnastic exercises aimed at muscular strengthening of the upper and lower extremities, as well as coordination, balance, agility, cycling and walking exercises submerged in water. The protocols developed to improve functional fitness in adults aged 50 to 80 years were based on general physical exercise prescription guidelines (frequency, duration, intensity and type of activity). The application of aquatic exercises based on gymnastic exercises can provoke positive responses on functional fitness if worked at least 2 to 5 times per week, 30 to 60min/day and at intensities of 50 to 95%. These systematized indicators can be used by professionals working with adults to create and promote aquatic programs to improve functional fitness.

The theoretical-praxiological warm-up model (PPAT) for entertainer singers

The following article presents physical exercises and the theoretical-praxiological model for singers’ warm-up. The purpose of this paper is to streamline the warm-up for entertainer singers by using PPAT means. The development of technical and interpretive skills, implementation of PPAT relevant to the field and their improvement throughout the activity are some of the most important concerns of each entertainer singer. The complex method of physical and vocal training includes body gymnastics exercises, exercises of the muscular systems that participate in the emission of sound and vocal exercises. Complex exercises are recommended for maintaining mental and physical qualities, improving general motor skills and phono-articulatory movements. These are basic not just for the development of sound emission, but also for the prevention of the so-called professional diseases. The creative development of PPAT for future specialists has a benefic effect on intellectual, emotional-volitional and practical activity. The means, methods and forms of PAPT are aimed at optimally meeting the requirements of the educational, professional, social and daily life spheres of vocalists. PPAT, as a training factor for singers, includes the following: the greater the motor experience and perceptions of the vocalist are, the more perfect the coordination of movements determines a good physical training, the faster the new action is developed, because man can previously create a preliminary model of any motor act in his mind and reproduce it quickly. The essence of PPAT is the optimal use of resources, methods and forms of physical training, in order to achieve and maintain mental and physical qualities. The artistic activity of a vocalist has possibilities to integrate the influence on his spiritual growth and, in particular, on the improvement of his personality. It is important that the specialist in the field acts with interest, with a sufficient degree of independence, in other words creative, and the creative approach to actions is the basis of education.

Effects of Brain Gymnastics on Decreased Stress Levels in College Students

The background of this study is non-pharmacological management to reduce stress one of which is brain gymnastics. Brain gymnastic movements can activate the neocortex and sympathetic nerves to reduce the increased production of adrenaline hormones in the body that can relieve psychological tension as well as physical tension. The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of brain gymnastics on the decrease in stress levels in students of the final level of the DIII Health Analyst Stikes Panrita Husada Bulukumba in 2019. The method used in this research using a pre-experiment research design with the one-group pre-post test design method. Sampling by means of Nonprobability sampling: Consecutive sampling with a total of 28 respondents. Measurement of stress levels using a watershed questionnaire (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) with statistical tests used is a paired t-test. The results of this study showed that there was an effect of brain gymnastics exercise on the decrease in stress levels in students of the final level of the DIII Health Analyst Stikes Panrita Husada Bulukumba with a mean Pretest score of 22.61 while the mean Postest 12.75 so that the average value of changes in pretest and posttest stress levels with a mean value of 9,857 with an std. deviation of 3,354. In conclusion, there is a meaningful influence on brain gymnastics training on the decrease in stress levels in students of the final level of the DIII Health Analyst Stikes Panrita Husada Bulukumba 2019.

Efektifitas Puerperal Gymnastic dan Kegel Exercises terhadap Involusi Uterus pada Ibu Postpartum Hari 1 - 3

During labor, women experience many reproductive changes, one of which is uterine involution. If the uterine involution is late to return to normal, it will cause subinvolution, puerperal gymnastic techniques and kegel exercises are the easiest techniques to use and are very effective. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of puerperal gymnastic and kegel exercises on uterine involution in postpartum mothers day 1-3 at BPM Hj. Nengah Mardani Tenggarang Bondowoso. This type of research uses a pre-experimental research methodology using a two-group interpretation-posttest design, with a sample of 30 respondents. The sampling technique in this study used total sampling. Data analysis used paired sample t test and independent t test. The independent t test results showed that there was no significant difference between puerperal gymnastic and kegel exercises in overcoming uterine involution in postpartum mothers with a p value of 0.039 (p value&gt; α 0.05). Of the two techniques, Kegel exercises were more effective in reducing involution. uterus with a mean difference of 6.7333&gt; than the mean puerperal gymnastic of 5.8000.

Evaluation of two different 1-year training programs among prepuberal female children

The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the effects of two different dance training concepts in terms of anthropometric indices and supervised motor test performance between two groups of 56 prepuberal girls. The first group, composed of 29 girls, performed a typical classical dance training program (D group), while the second one, composed of 27 girls, followed a mixed training (D&R group) workout, with classical dance exercises alternated to rhythmic gymnastics. Anthropometric and exercise performance data were collected and assessed initially (T1) and after a 1-year (T2) training program. Data collected were firstly tested for collinearity using Belsley’s test and, after their normality was tested through the Shapiro–Wilk test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were performed on a subset of noncollinear variables. The two groups showed improvements in both anthropometric parameters and exercise performance; however, no differences arose between the variation of anthropometric parameters between the two groups. On the other hand, exercise performance was improved in some fields of the D&R group, particularly in exercises regarding the upper body, such as pull-ups, chin-ups and sit-ups. In conclusion, our data provide evidence that a specific training program consisting of classic dance plus rhythmic gymnastics exercises (D&R) has a greater impact compared to a program of simple classic dance, in terms of skill performance without impairment of anthropometric parameters.

The Effectiveness of Mix Impact Aerobic Gymnastics Exercises With SKJ 2000 On Improvement of Physical Freshness

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the effect of aerobic mix impact and SKJ 2000 version (core exercise) to improve physical fitness in female students. The research was conducted at SMEA YASMA Sudirman Cijantung for 8 weeks with 24 meetings. The method used is an experimental method with a pre and post-test design. The sampling technique was random sampling from a total of 40 grade 1 students and 30 samples were taken. The data collection technique used was a physical fitness test using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI). Hypothesis testing uses the t-test at the significant level (α) 0.05. The results showed that the difference between the mean value of the initial test (x) and the final test (y) in the mixed impact aerobic exercise group was obtained = -6.47; the value of the standard deviation of the difference = 1,2; the standard error value of the mean difference = 0.32; and the value becomes = -20,2. The initial test (x) and the final test (y) in the 2000 version of the Physical Fitness exercise obtained the difference in the mean value is = -5; the value of the standard deviation of the difference = 1.1; the standard error value of the mean difference = 0.29; and the value becomes = -17.24. The final test of the mixed impact aerobic exercise group (x) and the final test of the aerobic exercise group (y) version 2000, obtained the mean value of the variable x = 19.33; variable value y = 17; the standard deviation value x = 1.48; standard deviation of the variable y = 2.31; standard error variable x = 0.4; standard error for the variable y = 0.62; standard error for the mean difference between x and variable = 0.74; Hypothesis test results obtained t observation = 3.15, at 28 degrees of freedom and a significant level (α) 0.05, the value of t table = 2.048 is obtained. The conclusion of the study is that the effect of mix impact aerobic exercise is more effective in improving physical fitness compared to those using the 2000 version of the fitness gymnastics version of aerobic exercise.

Physical therapy of children with cerebral palsy in an inclusive class

The article demonstrates the possibility of teaching a child with cerebral palsy in an inclusive class of secondary school.&#x0D; The article substantiates the availability of inclusive classes in each school so that a child with special educational requirements can attend it at the place of residence. It is shown that inclusive education is an individualized system of teaching children with special needs in psychophysical development in a secondary school, which provides for the creation of an educational environment that would meet the needs and capabilities of the child regardless of its mental development.&#x0D; The article presents the methods of group and individual physical therapy classes. Group classes were held twice a week for 40 minutes and an additional 20 minutes for a child with cerebral palsy.&#x0D; Fitball exercises were used to reduce muscle spasticity and improve motor function. Passive exercises were used in the classes to increase the mobility of the joints. Duration is 7-15 minutes, number of repetitions - 8-10 times for each joint. Exercises were used to strengthen the child's muscular corset. Duration 5-10 minutes, number of repetitions - 8-10 times. Gymnastic exercises, exercises with sports equipment, exercises on fitball were also used. For the development of fine motor skills used games: "Lacing", "Mosaic", "Lego", "Beads" and others. Breathing exercises were used according to the method of A.N. Strelnokova (duration 5-7 minutes). Exercises for the performing household movements (dressing and taking off clothes, etc.) and gait training were also used. The article analyzes the results of adaptation of first grade children to school in comparison with those of a child with cerebral palsy.The article demonstrates the positive effect of physical therapy on the adaptation of a child with cerebral palsy in school. His motivation increased from 0.9 to 1.5 points.

In vivo loading on the hip joint in patients with total hip replacement performing gymnastics and aerobics exercises

A further increase in the number of total hip arthroplasty (THA) is predicted, in particular the number of young THA patients has raised and with it their demands. There is no standardized evidence-based rehabilitation program and no reliable guidelines for sports activities after THA. Stretching and strengthening gymnastics are routinely performed in rehabilitation and aerobics as a sport after THA. The aim of the investigation was to determine the in vivo force and moments acting on the hip prosthesis during gymnastics and aerobic exercises to provide a source for evidence-based recommendations. Hip joint loads were measured in six patients with instrumented hip implants. The resulting force FRes, bending moment MBend at the neck and torsional moment MTors at the stem were examined during seven strengthening (with two different resistance bands) and four stretching gymnastic exercises and seven aerobic exercises with and without an aerobic step board compared to the loads during the reference activity walking. The stretching and strengthening gymnastics exercises and the aerobic exercises with and without a board demonstrated in their median peak force and moments mostly lower or similar values compared to walking. Significantly increased loads were recorded for the flexor stretching exercise in monopod stand (Fres and MBend), the strengthening abduction exercise on the chair (MTors) and the strengthening flexion exercise with the stronger resistance band (MTors). We also found a significant increase in median peak values in aerobic exercises with a board for the "Basic Step" (ipsilateral started Fres and MTors; contralateral started MTors), "Kickstep ipsilateral started" (Fres and MTors) and "Over the Top contralateral started" (Fres). The in vivo loads in THA patients during frequently performed stretching, strengthening and aerobic exercises were demonstrated for the first time. It was proved that stretching gymnastic exercises are safe in terms of resulting force, bending and torque moments for THA patients, although an external assistance for stabilization may be considered. Strengthening gymnastics exercises are reliable in terms of Fres, MBend and MTors, but, based on our data, we recommend to adhere to the communicated specific postoperative restrictions and select the resistance bands with lower tension. Aerobic exercises without an aerobic board can be considered as reliable activity in terms of force and moments for THA patients. Aerobic exercises with a board are not recommended for the early postoperative period and in our opinion need to be adapted to the individual muscular and coordinative resources.

The Effectiveness Tera Aerobic And Nutrition Management Towards The Heart Fitness Of Prospective Haji Conventions

Physical fitness or cardiovascular fitness (VO2Max) is a determining factor for the health status of the pilgrims. Cardiovascular fitness can be improved in several ways, including exercise and nutrition management.This study aims to determine the effectiveness of exercise and nutritional management on the heart and lung fitness of the pilgrims. Quasi-experimentalmethodusing pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design and using the t-test on 34 prospective pilgrims showed. This study usedtheRockpot Instrument.Result:Therewas a significant effect between exercise and nutritional management on cardiovascular fitness. (P-Value: 0.05 and 0.00,α: 0.05).Conclution:The variablethat has themostinfluenceoncardiovascularfitnessisexercisemodifiedwithnutritionalmanagement. Gymnastics exercises and counseling on nutrition using video lessons are very effective in improving heart-lung fitness for aspiring pilgrims.

Visual recognition of gymnastic exercise sequences. Application to supervision and robot learning by demonstration

This work presents a novel software architecture to autonomously identify and evaluate the gymnastic activity that people are carrying out. It is composed of three different interconnected layers. The first corresponds to a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) trained from a set of angular magnitudes derived from the information provided by the OpenPose library. This library works frame by frame, so some postures may be incorrectly detected due to eventual occlusions. The MLP layer makes it possible to accurately identify the posture a person is performing. A second layer, based on a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and the Viterbi algorithm, filters the incorrect spurious postures. Thus, the accuracy of the algorithm is improved, leading to a precise sequence of postures. A third layer identifies the current exercise and evaluates whether the person is doing it at a correct speed. This layer uses an innovative Modified Levenshtein Distance (MLD), which considers not only the number of operations to transform a given sequence, but also the nature of the elements participating in the comparison. The system works in real time with little delay, thus recognizing sequences of arbitrary length and providing continuous feedback on the exercises being performed. An experiment carried out consisted in reproducing the output of the second layer on an autonomous Pepper robot that can be used in environments where physical exercise is performed, such as a residence for the elderly or others. It has reproduced different exercises previously executed by an instructor so that people can copy the robot. The article analyzes the current situation of the automated gymnastic activities recognition, presents the architecture, the different experiments carried out and the results obtained. The integration of the three components (MLP, HMM and MLD) results in a robust system that has allowed us to improve the results of previous works.

Gymnastics exercises as a way of improving the health of students

The system of physical education of students is aimed only at solving current problems - drawing up control and test standards, which does not contribute to the development of their desire for self-improvement, aims to educate obedient performers focused on compliance with the requirements of the physical education program.&#x0D; The purpose of the article: to determine the impact of gymnastic exercises on health, as well as to provide practical recommendations to students.&#x0D; Research methods: theoretical generalization, systematic analysis of data from the scientific literature, axiomatic method.&#x0D; The article substantiates the importance of physical education classes that promote the development of strength qualities in students, as the development of these qualities provides good physical condition and readiness for creative activity.&#x0D; Over the last decade, the situation in Ukraine has been alarming: the health and fitness of student youth has deteriorated sharply. According to medical research centers, up to 90% of pupils and students have health problems, 30-50% of them - unsatisfactory physical fitness.&#x0D; The recommended set of exercises for daily gymnastics to improve the health of students is given. Describes the basic tips that students should follow during gymnastics. The essence of self-control over the state of health of young men during training is revealed.&#x0D; The problem of physical improvement of student youth is relevant today and requires from scientists, coaches and teachers of physical education further scientific and practical research in improving health, physical development and improvement of physical qualities.

PHYSICAL EDUCATION AS PRESCHOOLERS’ PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT COMPONENT

The article considers philosophers’ and teachers’ scientific views on physical education and its impact on the personality’s all-round development; and formation of physical education as a science. Plato’s, Socrates’s, and Horace’s ideas of the importance of exercise and motor activity in different periods of people’s life have been identified; J. Comenius’s thoughts about the importance of properly selected, dosed physical exercises, their regularity in strengthening the children’s health, about their important function in terms of spiritual and ethical education have been revealed. J. - J. Rousseau’s thoughts on the importance of hardening of the body and senses and the formation of motor skills, moving games and daily walks in physical development; the idea of free upbringing of a comprehensively developed strong, skillful and intelligent personality have been given. J. Locke’s ideas about physical education from the person’s first days of life, about the study of refined manners, ballroom dancing, and other elements of gallantry, which externally distinguish “the noble” from the commoners, have been presented. Georges Demeny's thoughts on the importance of continuity of gymnastic exercises, the use of stretching exercises, relaxation, and movements to music have been revealed. The following ideas have been considered: the contribution to the theory of children’s physical education of such doctors and progressive figures as E. Pokrovskyi and E. Dementiev; Georges Demeny's gymnastic system of physical education with continuous classes, use of stretching exercises, relaxation and movements to music; the close connection of the mental education process with physical exercises of K. Ushynskyi; P. Lesgaft’s theory of physical education, based on the laws of harmony, gradualness and sequence of human development. The four groups of physical exercises and games by P. Lesgaft, and the idea of the folk games educational role have been proposed. The role of a teacher’s word, addressed to the child's mind and including sample mechanical imitation, an inseparable link between mental education and physical exercises, has been stated.

Pengaruh program multi-exercise terhadap fungsi kognitif pada lansia overweight dan tidak overweight

The effect of the multi-exercise program on cognitive function in overweight and non-overweight elderlyBackground: Cognitive function is the factor that determines the disability of the elderly to live a healthy and independent life. The results of studies regarding the protective effect or detrimental effects of overweight or obesity on cognitive function in the elderly are still controversial. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of the multi-exercise program on cognitive function in the elderly based on nutritional status.Methods: This quasi-experimental study with a pretest-postest design study involved 37 elderly aged 60-74 years. Body mass index (BMI) derived from the measurement of body weight and height were grouped into overweight and not-overweight. Both groups received a multi-exercise in the form of gymnastic exercise (30 minutes), square stepping exercise (30 minutes), and puzzle games (30 minutes). The intervention was given 12 times with a frequency of 3 times per week. Cognitive function was measured by using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Data analysis used paired sample t-test and independent t-test. Results: The multi-exercise program intervention given affected improving cognitive function in the overweight elderly group (p=0.003). However, it is different from the non-overweight elderly group who did not show a significant effect of the multi-exercise program on the cognitive function (p=0.184) even though there was an increase in the mean cognitive function at the end of the intervention. Conclusions: Multi-exercise program intervention for 4 weeks with a frequency of three times per week can improve the cognitive function of the elderly, but statistically only significant in the overweight elderly group.

Regular Exercise May Restore Certain Age-Related Alterations of Adaptive Immunity and Rebalance Immune Regulation.

Age-related changes of the immune system lead to an increased morbidity and mortality due to enhanced vulnerability to infectious diseases and malignancies. Recent studies revealed the important effects of physical activity on immune functions, which may largely depend on the type of exercise, its intensity and duration. However, limited information is available regarding the immunological effects of sport activities in older ages. The aim of our study was to examine the changes in a wide spectrum of lymphocyte subtypes after regular workout among healthy elderly individuals. We enrolled 29 elderly women with sedentary lifestyle (mean age: 67.03 ± 3.74 years) to take part in a 6-week long functional conditioning gymnastic exercise program. The percentages of peripheral natural killer (NK), NKT cells, T and B lymphocyte subtypes (early-/late-activated T, naïve and memory T, cytotoxic T (Tc), T-helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17, T regulatory type 1 (Tr1), CD4+CD127lo/-CD25bright Treg, as well as naïve and memory B cells) were determined by flow cytometry. Evaluation of the changes in functional capability of Treg cells was based on in vitro functional assays. At the end of exercise program, in parallel with improvements in body composition and physical performance, significant changes in naïve and memory lymphocyte ratios were observed. Importantly, levels of naïve Tc cells elevated, ratios of effector memory Tc cells decreased and distribution of memory B cells rearranged as well. Additionally, proportions of late-activated HLA-DR+ T cells increased, while percentages of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 producing Tr1 cells, as well as immunosuppressive CD4+CD127lo/-CD25bright Treg cells decreased following the exercise workout. Changes observed after the regular exercise program indicate an improvement in the age-related redistribution of certain naïve and memory cell proportions and a retuned immune regulation in older ages.