Gum Ghatti Research Articles

Chemical structure of the arabinogalactan protein from gum ghatti and its interaction with bovine serum albumin.

Exudate gums, because of their beneficial properties, have been significant items of international trade in various industries for centuries. This manuscript sets out to gain insight into the fine structural details of an arabinogalactan protein (AGP) of gum ghatti (Anogeissus latifolia gum). The presence of a highly branched 554 kDa AGP having 1,6-linked Galp, 1,2-linked Manp, 1,3-linked Araf and 1,4-linked GlcpA main chain, substituted at O-4,6 of 1,2-linked Manp, and O-3/O-3,4 of 1,6-linked Galp residues by Araf, Arap and Galp units was revealed by chemical, chromatographic, ESMS, and NMR analyses. In particular, ESMS analysis of per acetylated oligomeric fragments derived from AGP by Smith degradation followed by acetylation was described as a commanding tool for providing critical structural information on a spectrum of glycerol tagged oligosaccharides. In addition, formation of an electrostatically driven complex between the isolated AGP and bovine serum albumin resulting in changes in the microenvironment around the tryptophan residues of BSA was established. A moderate radical scavenging activity comparable with those of standard antioxidants was observed from the AGP fraction (∼94% at 1 mg/mL) that could be valuable in foods or pharmaceutical products as alternatives to synthetic antioxidants.

New studies on gum ghatti (Anogeissuslatifolia) part 6: Physicochemical characteristics of the protein moiety of gum ghatti

Gum ghatti has been shown to possess excellent emulsification properties because of its proteinaceous components. Here we use TFA and TFMS hydrolysis to investigate the nature of this protein, and characterize it using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The following nine peptide fragments were sequenced by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis: MLPVLEHELVPAR, LLNTLEGNEFK, LKAYGSATCLR, LAGLVVR, MTPASLSHVK, YTVRGNRNVVR, HGPVLNK, NPNALTK, and CKKEVK. The hydrophobic scores of the main peptide fragments from gum ghatti (566) were higher than those of gum arabic (241). The hydrophobic amino acid distribution in gum ghatti is similar to that in β-casein; both have hydrophobic amino acid sequences which can provide a strong oil binding capacity at the interface between the oil and water.

Synthesis and flocculation properties of gum ghatti and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile) based biodegradable hydrogels

This article reports the development of biodegradable flocculants based on graft co-polymers of gum ghatti (Gg) and a mixture of acrylamide and acrylonitrile co-monomers (AAm-co-AN). The hydrogel polymer exhibited an excellent swelling capacity of 921% in neutral medium at 60°C. The polymer was used to remove saline water from various petroleum fraction-saline water emulsions. The flocculation characteristics of the hydrogel polymer were studied in turbid kaolin solution as a function of the amount of polymer and the solution temperature and pH. Biodegradation studies of hydrogel polymer were conducted using the soil composting method, and the degradation process was constantly monitored using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. The results demonstrated an 89.47% degradation of the polymer after 60 days. Finally, the hydrogel polymer adsorbed 98% of cationic dyes from the aqueous solutions.

Gum ghatti and acrylic acid based biodegradable hydrogels for the effective adsorption of cationic dyes

This article reports biosorption properties of Gum ghatti and acrylic acid based graft co-polymers for the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB). Gg–cl–PAA removed 99% MB and 98% RhB from the respective dye solutions. Adsorption isotherm followed Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity of 909.09mg/g (MB) and 819.67mg/g (RhB). Both the dyes followed pseudo second order rate equation. Eco-friendliness of Gg–cl–PAA was studied by assessing its susceptibility to biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and mineral salt medium (MSM). Gg–cl–PAA degraded faster in PBS (18%) than MSM (15.1%) using P. aeruginosa.

New studies on gum ghatti (Anogeissus latifolia) part 5: The conformational properties of gum ghatti

The conformational properties of gum ghatti and its fractions were investigated using high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) coupled with multiple detectors, static light scattering (SLS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. The measured Mark–Houwink equation parameters α (0.5 < α < 0.8) indicated a random coil conformation of four fractions: F50 was more rigid than the other fractions, whereas F65 exhibited a loosely extended chain that is close to a spherical conformation. DLS and SLS measurements in aggregate free (0.5 M NaOH) solution further confirmed the conformational properties. The high positive A2 value of each fraction indicated that 0.5 M NaOH solution is a good solvent for gum ghatti. The values of Rg and Rh decreased with molecular weight in the order of F80, F65 and F50. The less branched fraction F50 (ρ = 1.694) has a random coil conformation in 0.5 M NaOH solution, whereas F65 and F80 exhibited random coil close to spherical conformation due to their highly branched structure.

Synthesis and biodegradation studies of gamma irradiated electrically conductive hydrogels

Abstract Poly(acrylamide-aniline)-grafted gum ghatti [Gg-cl-poly(AAm)] conducting hydrogel was prepared via 60 Co γ-irradiation using N, N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide as a cross linker. The effects of the reaction conditions (viz. gamma dose, monomer, solvent and cross linker concentration) were investigated on the degree of swelling of Gg-cl-poly(AAm). Results showed that optimum reaction conditions for maximum percentage swelling were 10 ml of solvent, 1.08 mol/L of monomer concentration, 0.324 × 10 −1 mol L −1 of crosslinker concentration and 1.5 kGy of total dose. The semi-interpenetrating network (Semi-IPN) was converted into an IPN through the impregnation of poly(aniline) chains followed by doping with HCl. The influence of dopant concentration on the conductivity of synthesized hydrogel was investigated. Different physical properties of the synthesized hydrogel were also studied. The candidate polymers were characterized using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction and thermogravemetric analysis techniques. The mechanism of graft copolymerization via 60 Co irradiation was discussed. Biodegradation studies of the synthesized hydrogels were carried out using a soil burial test. IPN showed better degradation efficiency than semi-IPN. Weight loss of semi-IPN and IPN was 68% and 78%, respectively, in 60 days. Different degradation stages were studied using FTIR and SEM techniques.

Water retention and dye adsorption behavior of Gg-cl-poly(acrylic acid-aniline) based conductive hydrogels

Investigation on water retention and dye adsorption behavior of Gg-cl-poly(acrylic acid-aniline) conducting hydrogel has been studied. In this study, a novel poly(acrylic acid-aniline)-grafted gum ghatti based conducting hydrogel were synthesized by a simple two-step method. Initially, superabsorbent copolymers based on acrylic acid and gum ghatti was prepared using N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide and ammonium persulfate as a cross linker-initiator system under microwave irradiation. Optimum reaction conditions affording maximum percentage swelling were: solvent=10ml, acrylamide=0.291×10−3 molL–1, ammonium peroxydisulfate=0.291×10−3 molL–1, N, N′-methylene bisacrylamide=0.324×10−1 molL−1, reaction time=55s, microwave power=100% and pH=7.0. The effect of different reaction parameters on the swelling capacity was investigated. In the final step, polyaniline was entrapped within a crosslinked hydrogel followed by doping with hydrochloric acid (HCl), which led to the formation of conducting hydrogel. The IPN has been observed to exhibit as much as 2032% swelling in aqueous solution. Synthesized hydrogels were analyzed using FTIR, XRD, SEM and TGA. Application of hydrogels to improve the water retention properties of different soils was studied and found that the IPN hydrogel can improve the moisture retention capacity of soil for cultivation. Finally, synthesized hydrogels was studied for dye removal from waste water. It has been found that IPN hydrogel shows better adsorption behavior than semi-IPN.

Biopolymer and biosurfactant-graft-calcium sulfate/polystyrene nanocomposites: Thermophysical, mechanical and biodegradation studies

Abstract Nanocomposites of polystyrene and CaSO4 nanorods with different loadings have been prepared by mixing pre-synthesized biopolymer (gum ghatti) and biosurfactant (rhamnolipid and surfactin) grafted CaSO4 nanorods into commercial polystyrene with the combination of solvent blending and extrusion molding from masterbatch. In this work, it is shown that surfactin-graft-CaSO4, (i) enhanced the dispersion of the nanorods within the matrix, (ii) increased the thermal stability and thermomechanical properties indicating good reinforcement, and (iii) resulted in higher biodegradation efficiency as compared to the nanocomposites filled with rhamnolipid-graft-CaSO4 or gum ghatti-graft-CaSO4. Biodegradation of polystyrene nanocomposites was assessed using a microbial inoculum (Rhodococcus pyridinivorans NT2) in a 28-day biodegradation assay. The viability of the isolate growing on the film surface was confirmed using a triphenyltetrazolium chloride reduction test. The viability was also correlated with a concomitant increase in the protein density of the biomass. The mechanical properties of nanocomposites were significantly reduced after the microbial degradation. Biodegradation of the materials was further confirmed by the decreased molecular weight through gel permeation chromatography, and changes in the chemical structure as verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This was supported by the degraded surface of the films observed under filed emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The effects of biodegradation on the thermal properties were studied through the differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. To improve our knowledge of polystyrene biodegradation, we used Raman spectroscopy to identify patterns of polystyrene biodegradation. In addition, the intermediates formed in the degradation process were monitored by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and the biodegradation rate of the materials was determined by measuring the carbon dioxide (CO2) evolution. These results indicate that surface grafting of nano-CaSO4 with surfactin leads to optimal degradation of the nanocomposites.

Understanding the structure–emulsification relationship of gum ghatti – A review of recent advances

This paper is based on a series of physical and chemical investigations to understand the structure–function properties of gum ghatti. After elucidating the detailed molecular structure of two gum ghatti fractions, the structure of its component glycoprotein was investigated whereby, the protein sequence and hydrophobicity were identified, followed by the conformational analysis of the gum and its fractions. Many techniques were used for the elucidation of the fine structures, which included methylation analysis-GC-MS, Maldi-TOF MS and 2D NMR spectroscopy, homonuclear 1H/1H correlations spectroscopy (COSY, TOCSY), heteronuclear 13C/1H multiple-quantum coherence spectroscopy (HMQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC). Conformational properties were studied using a modeling system (Insight II) to relate the hydrophobicity of the protein moieties with the complex structures of the carbohydrates. These studies now provide an explanation for the excellent emulsification properties of gum ghatti in oil-in-water emulsions, which enable its application in the food, cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical industries.

Freeze drying for microencapsulation of α‐linolenic acid rich oil: A functional ingredient from Lepidium sativum seeds

Lipids rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are of great importance to the food industry. However, due to unsaturation they are highly prone to rancidity, thereby presenting an enormous technological challenge. Emulsification and subsequent microencapsulation of oil forms a protective micro‐environment for these bioactives. Further, freeze drying of emulsified lipids is used to enhance shelf‐life of the dietary targets. In the current study, α‐linolenic acid (ALA) rich oil from Lepidium sativum seed was stabilized through microencapsulation by freeze drying. O/W emulsion was prepared using a combination of gum ghatti, gum arabic, and soy protein isolate. Thereafter induced coacervates were lyophilized by the batch method in a tray dryer. The encapsulation procedure was optimized by the central composite design, through variation of parameters such as the ratio between gum and soy protein isolate (SPI), wall and core and the speed of homogenization. The response was measured in terms of microencapsulation efficiency (MEE) with the maxima of 81.11% for the parameter values of Gum:SPI at 0.32, Wall:Core at 2 and homogenization speed of 10 000 rpm. The prepared emulsion was characterized through ζ‐potential, viscosity, and droplet size measurements while the encapsulated product was deliberated through Raman spectroscopy and aw evaluations.Practical applications: Dietary requirement of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is seldom met by a vegetarian diet and therefore for the benefit of the vegetarian population, novel food products incorporating vegetarian PUFA need to be developed. However, rancidity is a major problem encountered while working on unsaturated molecules. Thus to gain maximum benefit from these functional lipids one needs to design stable bioavailable ingredients. With this in mind, the focus of the current study was formulation and process optimization to obtain encapsulated oil. Freeze drying process for microencapsulation leads to superior quality capsules due to the low temperature conditions. In this way L. sativum seed oil was explored for the first time to develop α‐linolenic acid rich bioactive ingredient.Microencapsulation of PUFA rich oil by freeze drying. In the current study α‐linolenic acid rich oil was extracted from Lepidium sativum and processed into a functional ingredient by freeze drying. Soxhlet extracted oil along with SPI, gum arabic, and gum ghatti was utilized for formation of coacervates. Encapsulated oil in the form of coacervates was then dehydrated to form microcapsules in a freeze dryer. The capsules were then analyzed for microencapsulation efficiency and capsule composition. The optimized capsules can be used to deliver α‐linolenic acid rich oil in novel targeted food products.

Novel Interpenetrating Polymer Matrix Network Microparticles for Intestinal Drug Delivery

This paper deals with the synthesis and characterization of Ghatti gum (GG) and chitosan (CS) IPN MP prepared by emulsion-cross-linking method. Glutaraldehyde (GA) was used as a cross-linker. IPN microparticles were used to deliver (DS) Diclofenac sodium (Model anti inflammatory drug) to the intestine. IPN MP were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and evaluated for in vitro dissolution rate. FTIR studies assessed the formation of IPN structure. The surface morphology was studied by SEM. Particle sizes ranged between 294 to 366 μm. After encapsulation into IPN microparticles DSC studies were performed to recognize the crystalline nature of drug. DS percentage encapsulation efficiency (%EE) ranged from 84.09 to 96.81%. Equilibrium swelling was performed in buffer solution (pH 7.4). In-vitro release studies indicated the dependence of drug release rates on both the amount of chitosan and GG used in grounding of microparticles. The release was extended up to 12 hrs and release rates were fitted into an empirical equation to work out the diffusion parameter which indicates a Non-Fickian release. Continuous dissolution-absorption studies were carried out using everted rat intestine for optimized formulation (F9).

Karaya and ghatti gum as a novel polymer blend in preparation of extended release tablets: optimization by factorial design

The objective of the study was to formulate sustained release matrix tablets of diclofenac sodium using karaya and ghatti gum as the matrix polymers. 3 2 full factorial design was employed to optimize the drug release profile systematically. Matrix tablets were prepared by the wet granulation technique. The dependent variables selected were, % of drug released in first hour (Y 1 ), % of drug released in 12 h (Y 2 ) , diffusion exponent (n) (Y 3 ) and time taken for the 50 % of the drug release (T 50% ) (Y 4 ). The independent variables are amount of karaya (X 1 ) and gatti gum (X 2 ). The FTIR and DSC studies confirmed the drug-polymer compatibility and the pre-compression granular properties were assessed indicating a good flow property. The results of evaluation of the tablets were found to be within the standard limits indicating pharmaco-technical characteristics. The response variables studied were found as follows: Y 1 ranged between 2.57 to 26.74 %, Y 2 was found to be between 61.87 to 101.982 %, Y 3 ranged between 0.45 to 1.26 and Y 4 ranging between 3.98 to 9.56 h, respectively, for all batches. The release data showed a good fit in zero order, Higuchi & Peppa’s equation with high R 2 value. The best fit was Peppa’s model. It was observed that the rate of swelling and erosion was found to compliment the drug release kinetics which was further confirmed by SEM studies. The experimental values were in close agreement with the predicted response, indicating adequate fitting and validation of formula generated by constrained optimization. Results of the stability studies showed no significant changes in drug content, physical appearance or the dissolution profile of the prepared tablets. Thus, the experimental results obtained indicated that the feasibility of the blend of two gums can be used efficiently in order to formulate a sustained release tablet without any lag effect.

Carbon Stock Assessment in the Vegetation of the Chitteri Reserve Forest of the Eastern Ghats in India Based on Non-Destructive Method Using Tree Inventory Data

Carbon stock assessment in the vegetation of forest ecosystems has attracted worldwide attention following their role in the mitigation of greenhouse gas and climate change. The aim of the present study was to assess the total carbon stock of trees in the Chitteri reserve forest of the Eastern Ghats in India, based on tree inventory. The entire stretch of the forest covering 742 km2 area was divided into twenty grids of 6.25 km × 6.25 km, and from each grid a transect of size 5 m × 1000 m was established. A total of 5022 live trees (≥ 9.5 cm diameter at breast height) representing 143 species were inventoried from the twenty transects (totaling 10 ha). Carbon stock of each tree was determined by a non-destructive method following standard allometric equation using the tree diameter. The total carbon stock of the tree vegetation for the 10 ha sampled in the Chitteri reserve forest was 585.50 tonnes. The average carbon stock for the twenty 0.5 ha transect was 29.28±21.7 tonne. The minimum and maximum carbon stock estimated for the 20 transects was 1.98 t/0.5 ha and 76.89 t/0.5 ha, respectively. The average carbon stock sequestered by a single tree was 0.12±0.24 t/tree. The maximum carbon value was observed for Mangifera indica (1.73 t/tree) and the minimum was for Glycosmis pentaphylla (0.01 t/tree). However, overall contribution to the total carbon stock of tree vegetation in the Chitteri reserve forest was observed greater for Memecylon edule (8.5 %), followed by Canthium dicoccum var. dicoccum (7.4 %), Anogeissus latifolia (6.4 %), Albizia amara (4.9 %) and Mangifera indica (4.4 %). A significant strong positive relationship was observed between carbon stock with tree density (R2=0.689), but not with tree diversity (R2=0.422) and with altitude (R2=0.399) of forest location.

Gum ghatti based novel electrically conductive biomaterials: A study of conductivity and surface morphology

Gum ghatti-cl-poly(acrylamide-aniline) interpenetrating network (IPN) was synthesized by a two-step aqueous polymerization method, in which aniline monomer was absorbed into the network of gum ghatti-cl-poly(acrylamide) and followed by a polymerization reaction between aniline monomers. Initially, semi-IPN based on acrylamide and gum ghatti was prepared by free-radical copolymerization in aqueous media with optimized process parameters, using N,N!-methylene- bis-acrylamide, as cross-linker and ammonium persulfate, as an initiator system. Optimum reaction conditions affording maximum percentage swelling were: solvent (mL) =12, Acrylamide (AAm) (mol·L -1 ) = 1.971, Ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) (mol·L -1 ) = 0.131·10 -1 , N,N!-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) (mol·L -1 ) = 0.162·10 -1 , reaction time (min) = 210, temperature (°C) = 100 and pH = 7.0. The resulting IPN was doped with different protonic acids. The effect of the doping has been investigated on the conductivity and surface morphology of the IPN hydrogel. The maximum conductivity was observed with 1.5N HClO4 concentration. The morphological, structural and electrical properties of the candidate polymers were studied using scanning electron micrscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR and two-probe method, respectively.

A study of the biodegradation behaviour of poly(methacrylic acid/aniline)-grafted gum ghatti by a soil burial method

Gum ghatti-based cross-linked hydrogels have been studied for their water absorption, flocculation and biodegradation properties. To date, a lot of research has been focused on gum ghatti-based cross-linked hydrogels; however, the synthesis and characterization of gum ghatti-based conductive biomaterials are relatively less explored. Moreover, the biodegradation and moisture retention studies have not been reported for conductive hydrogels. A gum ghatti-based electrically conductive hydrogel was prepared through a two-step aqueous polymerization. Biodegradation studies of the synthesized hydrogels were conducted using a soil burial test. Interpenetrating network structures showed better degradation efficiency than semi-IPN. The weight loss of semi-IPN and IPN was 66% and 86.6%, respectively, in 60 days. Different stages of degradation were studied using FTIR and SEM techniques. Furthermore, application of hydrogels to improve the water retention properties of different soils was studied for agricultural purposes, and it was found that the IPN hydrogel can improve the moisture retention capacity of soil for cultivation.

A comparative study of the effect of Ni9+ and Au8+ ion beams on the properties of poly(methacrylic acid) grafted gum ghatti films

A systematic comparative study was carried out for the induced changes in the chemical, structural, morphological and thermal properties of poly(methacrylic acid) grafted gum ghatti i.e. [Gg-cl-poly(MAA)] material by irradiation of 120MeV Ni9+ and Au8+ ions at various fluences ranging from 3×1011 to 3×1012ions/cm2. The degradation of the material was observed after ion irradiation. A significant loss of crystallinity and change in the crystallite size was observed in irradiated samples of Gg-cl-poly(MAA). The changes in chemical properties and surface morphology were observed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy respectively. The magnitude of the effect of the irradiation was observed to be greater in the case of Au8+ ions irradiation than those of Ni9+ ions irradiation due to the high electronic energy loss of the Au8+ ions in the grafted samples.

Fabrication and characterization of gum ghatti-polymethacrylic acid based electrically conductive hydrogels

Gum ghatti-polymethacrylic acid-polyaniline based electrically conductive hydrogel with an interpenetrated network (IPN) structure was prepared through a two step aqueous polymerization. In the first step, cross linked network of polymethacrylic acid onto Gum ghatti was prepared using N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) and ammonium persulfate (APS) as a cross linker-initiator system under microwave irradiation. Optimum reaction conditions affording maximum percentage swelling were: solvent (ml)=10, MAA (molL−1)=0.236×10−3, APS (molL−1)=0.175×10−1, MBA (molL−1)=0.32×10−1, reaction time (s)=85, microwave power (%)=100 and pH 7.0. The semi-interpenetrating networks was converted into a IPN through the impregnation of poly(aniline) chains and resulting IPN was doped with HCl. The maximum conductivity (2.69×10−4Scm−1) was observed with 2.0N HCl and 0.658×10−3molL−1 of aniline. Synthesized IPN was characterized using different techniques like FTIR, SEM and XRD. The candidate polymer was also subjected for evaluation of its thermal behavior using TGA.

Gum ghatti and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles based nanocomposites for the effective adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution

This article reports the development and biosorption properties of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles incorporated Gum ghatti based nanocomposites for the remediation of methylene blue contaminated water. The physico-chemical and structural characterization confirmed the incorporation of Fe3O4 MNPs with in the polymer matrix. Adsorption kinetics followed pseudo second order rate model. Adsorption isotherm fitted well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with the maximum adsorption capacity of 671.14mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters like ΔS0, ΔH0 and ΔG0 were investigated and the desorption studies showed that the nanocomposite can be regenerated and reused for the removal of methylene blue.

Biosorption potential of Gum ghatti-g-poly(acrylic acid) and susceptibility to biodegradation by B. subtilis

This article reports the biosorption potential of Gum ghatti (Gg)-grafted-acrylic acid (AA) polymer and its susceptibility to biodegradation by Bacillus subtilis (BS) in two different liquid media, i.e. phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and mineral salt medium (MSM). The progress of biodegradation was monitored after every 15 days using FT-IR and SEM techniques. The degradation of the polymer was further evidenced by a loss of weight of 23.2% and 27% in BS-MSM and BS-PBS, respectively, after 60 days. The AA-grafted polymer was then utilized for the removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The adsorption isotherm data were studied using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Flory–Huggins and Dubinin–Kaganer–Radushkevich isothermal models. High values of correlation coefficients confirmed the applicability of Langmuir isotherm model used to determine the adsorption capacity of the AA-grafted polymer. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 84.74mg/g for Cu(II) and 310.55mg/g for Pb(II). Kinetic data were evaluated using pseudo first order, pseudo second order, Elovich, intraparticle diffusion and liquid film diffusion models. The experimental kinetic data fitted well with the pseudo second order rate model.

Gum ghatti and Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles based nanocomposites for the effective adsorption of rhodamine B

This article reports the development of a new nanocomposite using gum ghatti crosslinked with poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) reinforced with iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. The nanocomposite was characterized through BET, FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDX, TGA and TEM and applied for the removal of RhB. Different optimized adsorption parameters were adsorbent dose (0.8g/L) and pH (7.0). The adsorption isotherm data was used to study Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Kaganer–Radushkevich isotherm models. The value of correlation coefficient confirmed the applicability of Langmuir isotherm model with maximum adsorption efficiency of 654.87mg/g. The adsorption kinetics data showed pseudo second order reaction. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. Moreover, the adsorbent was successfully utilized for successive three cycles for the adsorption–desorption of RhB.