Guided Bone Regeneration Technique Research Articles

Comparative analysis of alveolar bone volume reconstruction outcomes using the guided bone regeneration technique

Relevance. The success of dental implant treatment in cases of reduced alveolar bone volume hinges on restoring bone to the required dimensions in each case. The guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique, which encompasses various techniques, holds a central role in oral reconstructive surgery and dental implantology due to its capacity for continuous improvement. The authors' experience with a modified GBR technique incorporating a situational Vicryl framework (SVF) has demonstrated enhanced effectiveness, with the potential to restore vertical bone volume by 5 mm or more. This study aimed to evaluate the advantages of the modified GBR technique using SVF compared to the conventional GBR technique.Materials and methods. This study is based on a comprehensive comparative analysis of two datasets: a retrospective evaluation of dental implant treatment outcomes in 210 patients who required alveolar bone volume restoration using the classical GBR technique, and clinical data from 40 patients treated with both the classical GBR technique and the proposed modified SVF technique The oral status of 40 patients included in the clinical analysis was characterized by partial edentulism, accompanied by mild to moderate alveolar bone deformities resulting from either inflammatory resorption or natural atrophy. The retrospective group 1 (comparisons) consisted of archival data of 210 patients. Retrospective data from 210 patients and clinical data from 40 patients were subjected to statistical analysis using parametric and non-parametric methods with IBM SPSS Statistics software.Results. A comprehensive comparative analysis of retrospective and clinical data revealed the following results. The value of the integrated "restored bone volume" parameter after vertical reconstruction in group 1 was 2-3 mm. The mean value of the integrated "restored bone volume" parameter after vertical reconstruction in group 2 was 3.20±0.96 mm, while in group 3, it was 4.60±1.63 mm for patients of both sexes. Comparison of the integrated "baseline deformation" parameter by technique showed a median deformation of 2.95 mm in group 2, treated with the classical GBR technique, and 4.95 mm in group 3, treated with the modified SVF technique. Similarly, the integrated "restored bone volume" parameter showed a median value of 2.95 mm in group 2 and 4.85 mm in group 3. The average value of the integrated "restored bone volume" parameter in group 2 was comparable to retrospective data from 210 patients in group 1.Conclusion. The comprehensive analysis of alveolar bone volume reconstruction using two GBR techniques, based on "baseline deformation" and "restored bone volume" parameters, demonstrated a significant advantage of the modified GBR technique compared to the classical technique.

Assessment of ridge preservation with immediate implant placement using socket shield versus guided bone regeneration techniques in aesthetic zone (a randomized clinical trial)

Assessment of ridge preservation with immediate implant placement using socket shield versus guided bone regeneration techniques in aesthetic zone (a randomized clinical trial)

Multifunctional Bone Regeneration Membrane with Flexibility, Electrical Stimulation Activity and Osteoinductive Activity.

The use of membrane-based guided bone regeneration techniques has great potential for single-stage reconstruction of critical-sized bone defects. Here, a multifunctional bone regeneration membrane combining flexible elasticity, electrical stimulation (ES) and osteoinductive activity is developed by in situ doping of MXene 2D nanomaterials with conductive functionality and β-TCP particles into a Poly(lactic acid-carbonate (PDT) composite nano-absorbable membrane (P/T/MXene) via electrostatic spinning technique. The composite membrane has good feasibility due to its temperature sensitivity, elastic memory capacity, coordinated degradation profile and easy preparation process. In vitro experiments showed the P/T/MXene membrane effectively promoted the recruitment and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) under ES and enhanced the angiogenic capacity of endothelial cells, which synergistically promoted bone regeneration through neovascularization. In addition, an in vivo rat model of cranial bone defects further confirmed the bone regeneration efficacy of the P/T/MXene membrane. In conclusion, the developed P/T/MXene membrane can effectively promote bone regeneration through their synergistic multifunctional effects, suggesting the membranes have great potential for guiding tissue regeneration and providing guidance for the biomaterials design.

Healing patterns of alveolar bone following ridge preservation procedures.

Examine the histomorphometric bone composition, following alveolar ridge preservation techniques and unassisted socket healing. Forty-two patients (42) requiring a single rooted tooth extraction were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 14 per group): Group 1: Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) using deproteinised bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and a porcine collagen membrane; Group 2: Socket Seal (SS) technique using DBBM and a porcine collagen matrix; Group 3: Unassisted socket healing (Control). Trephined bone biopsies were harvested following a 4-month healing period. Forty-two samples underwent Back-Scattered Electrons -Scanning Electron Microscopy (BSE-SEM) imaging, with 15 samples examined using Xray Micro-Tomography (XMT) (n = 6 for each GBR/SS and n = 3 Control). Images were analysed to determine the percentage (%) of connective tissue, new bone formation, residual DBBM particles and direct bone to DBBM particle contact (osseointegration). BSE-SEM analysis demonstrated that new bone formation was higher in the Control (45.89% ± 11.48) compared to both GBR (22.12% ± 12.7/p < .004) and SS (27.62% ± 17.76/p < .005) groups. The connective tissue percentage in GBR (49.72% ± 9), SS (47.81% ± 12.57) and Control (47.81% ± 12.57) groups was similar. GBR (28.17% ± 16.64) and SS (24.37% ± 18.61) groups had similar levels of residual DBBM particles. XMT volumetric analysis indicated a lower level of bone and DBBM particles in all test groups, when matched to the BSE-SEM area measurements. Osseointegration levels (DBBM graft and bone) were recorded at 35.66% (± 9.8) for GBR and 31.18% (± 19.38) for SS. GBR and SS ARP techniques presented with less bone formation when compared to unassisted healing. GBR had more direct contact/osseointegration between the DBBM particles and newly formed bone.

Clinical Efficacy of GBR Technique Combined with Temporary Bridgework-Guided Gingival Contouring in Treating Upper Anterior Tooth Loss with Labial Bone Defects

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of the guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique combined with temporary bridgework-guided gingival contouring in treating upper anterior tooth loss with labial bone defects. Methods: From July 2023 to April 2024, 80 patients with upper anterior tooth loss and labial bone defects were admitted to the hospital and selected as evaluation samples. They were divided into an observation group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 40) using a numerical table lottery scheme. The control group received treatment with the GBR technique, while the observation group received treatment with the GBR technique combined with temporary bridges to guide gingival contouring. The two groups were compared in terms of clinical red aesthetic scores (PES), labial alveolar bone density, labial bone wall thickness, gingival papillae, gingival margin levels, and patient satisfaction. Results: The PES scores of patients in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after surgery (P &lt; 0.05). The bone density of the labial alveolar bone and the thickness of the labial bone wall in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. The levels of gingival papillae and gingival margins were lower in the observation group after surgery (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, patient satisfaction in the observation group was higher than in the control group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: The GBR technique combined with temporary bridge-guided gingival contouring for treating upper anterior tooth loss with labial bone defects can improve the aesthetic effect of gingival soft tissue, increase alveolar bone density and the thickness of the labial bone wall, and enhance patient satisfaction. This approach is suitable for widespread application in healthcare institutions.

Guided bone regeneration for peri-implant augmentation: Aretrospective study comparing two surgical techniques with a mean follow-up of 26 months.

To introduce a modified guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique using intact periosteum and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) for peri-implant augmentation and compare the clinical outcomes with those of conventional GBR. Patients who received peri-implant augmentation in posterior sites between 2015 and 2021 were reviewed in this study. Group A was treated with a modified GBR technique, and Group B was treated with conventional GBR. For group comparison, propensity score matching was performed with a sensitivity analysis. The implant survival rate, dimensional changes in hard tissue, marginal bone loss (MBL), and peri-implant parameters were evaluated. In total, 114 implants from 98 patients were included. The implant survival rates were 95.74% in Group A and 95.00% in Group B during the follow-up period. At 6 months, the median horizontal thickness was recorded at 0.87 mm (IQ1-IQ3 = 0.00-1.75 mm) in Group A, exhibiting a relatively lower value compared to the corresponding measurement of 0.98 mm (IQ1-IQ3 = 0.00-1.89 mm) in Group B (p = .937). Vertical height displayed no statistically significant intergroup difference between the two groups (p = .758). The mean follow-up period was 25.83 ± 12.93 months after loading in Group A and 27.47 ± 21.29 months in Group B (p = .761). MBL and peri-implant parameters were comparable between the two groups. Within the limitations of this study, the modified GBR technique using intact periosteum and DBBM grafting might be a viable alternative to correct bone defects around implants in molar and premolar sites.

Recent Advances in Scaffolds for Guided Bone Regeneration.

The rehabilitation of alveolar bone defects of moderate to severe size is often challenging. Currently, the therapeutic approaches used include, among others, the guided bone regeneration technique combined with various bone grafts. Although these techniques are widely applied, several limitations and complications have been reported such as morbidity, suboptimal graft/membrane resorption rate, low structural integrity, and dimensional stability. Thus, the development of biomimetic scaffolds with tailor-made characteristics that can modulate cell and tissue interaction may be a promising tool. This article presents a critical consideration in scaffold's design and development while also providing information on various fabrication methods of these nanosystems. Their utilization as delivery systems will also be mentioned.

Comparative analysis of horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation: Guided bone regeneration versus screw-tenting techniques - A systematic review

The aim of this study was to systematically review bone volume changes obtained via the use of the Guided Bone Regeneration Technique (GBR-T) versus the Screw-Tenting Technique (ST-T) in horizontally defective alveolar ridges. In addition to review and compare rates of complications pertaining to post-operative dehiscence with membrane exposure, graft exposure, graft loss or other unforeseen complications and rates of implant placement into grafted sites. PRISMA protocol was used for systematic reviewing, electronic and manual searches of primary and secondary objectives were performed using the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE via PubMed), EMBASE (Ovid), and EBSCO Host up to and including the 1st May 2023. Three articles qualified under the stipulated inclusion and exclusion criteria. Regarding GBR-T, the mean horizontal ridge bone gain was 2.47±3.16 mm with a mean complication rate of 16.50%, a mean graft loss rate of 11.70% and a mean implant placement rate of 91.30%. Regarding ST-T, the mean horizontal ridge bone gain was 4.76.02±2.57 mm with a mean complication rate of 9.30%, a mean graft loss rate of 2.80% and a mean implant placement rate of 98.10%. Both techniques are predictable in achieving horizontal ridge bone gains with low complication/failure rates leading to high second stage implant placement rates. The adjunctive use of tenting screws appears to be effective, offering additional benefit to the mechanism of space maintenance. Current evidence is however limited and of moderate risk-of-bias with heterogeneity within and between studies. Different interventions were performed by various clinicians with varying surgical skillsets in differing clinical environments using different biomaterials so caution must be used when interpreting these findings.

Polyphenols-based intelligent oral barrier membranes for periodontal bone defect reconstruction

Abstract Periodontitis-induced periodontal bone defects significantly impact patients’ daily lives. The guided tissue regeneration and guided bone regeneration techniques, which are based on barrier membranes, have brought hope for the regeneration of periodontal bone defects. However, traditional barrier membranes lack antimicrobial properties and cannot effectively regulate the complex oxidative stress microenvironment in periodontal bone defect areas, leading to unsatisfactory outcomes in promoting periodontal bone regeneration. To address these issues, our study selected the collagen barrier membrane as the substrate material and synthesized a novel barrier membrane (PO/4-BPBA/Mino@COL, PBMC) with an intelligent antimicrobial coating through a simple layer-by-layer assembly method, incorporating reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging components, commercial dual-functional linkers and antimicrobial building blocks. Experimental results indicated that PBMC exhibited good degradability, hydrophilicity and ROS-responsiveness, allowing for the slow and controlled release of antimicrobial drugs. The outstanding antibacterial, antioxidant and biocompatibility properties of PBMC contributed to resistance to periodontal pathogen infection and regulation of the oxidative balance, while enhancing the migration and osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Finally, using a rat periodontal bone defect model, the therapeutic effect of PBMC in promoting periodontal bone regeneration under infection conditions was confirmed. In summary, the novel barrier membranes designed in this study have significant potential for clinical application and provide a reference for the design of future periodontal regenerative functional materials.

Guided Bone Regeneration to Support Lack of Mandibular Buccal Plate

Background: Insufficient bone condition can pose a significant challenge in dental implant procedures. The success of implant therapy relies on having sufficient bone thickness at the implant site. Factors such as bone atrophy, periodontal disease, trauma, and intermaxillary relationships (vertical, horizontal, and sagittal) can lead to insufficient bone volume for placing implants. To address this issue, bone augmentation techniques are commonly used to restore function and improve aesthetics in areas with inadequate bone. Various techniques and materials are available for bone augmentation, including Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR), which is one of the known methods with varying success rates. Objective: provide information about the management of bone augmentation in dental implants using the GBR technique. Case report: involves a 21-year-old male patient who sought treatment at a clinic to resolve functional issues and prevent dental shifting following a tooth extraction. The patient desired permanent dentures for the left mandibular area. After undergoing several examinations, it was determined that dental implants on tooth 46, with a diameter of 4.1 mm and length of 10 mm, accompanied by a cemented-screw type porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crown, would be appropriate. In this particular case, the GBR technique with allograft bone grafts was employed for bone augmentation. After approximately one year of observation, evidence of new bone formation was observed, indicating the success of the dental implant treatment. Conclusion: there are several effective techniques for correcting inadequate bone conditions before placing dental implants.&#x0D;

Barrier membranes for periodontal guided bone regeneration: a potential therapeutic strategy

Periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases with the highest incidence world-wide. In particular, the treatment of periodontal bone defects caused by periodontitis has attracted extensive attention. Guided bone regeneration (GBR) has been recognized as advanced treatment techniques for periodontal bone defects. GBR technique relies on the application of barrier membranes to protect the bone defects. The commonly used GBR membranes are resorbable and non-resorbable. Resorbable GBR membranes are divided into natural polymer resorbable membranes and synthetic polymer resorbable membranes. Each has its advantages and disadvantages. The current research focuses on exploring and improving its preparation and application. This review summarizes the recent literature on the application of GBR membranes to promote the regeneration of periodontal bone defects, elaborates on GBR development strategies, specific applications, and the progress of inducing periodontal bone regeneration to provide a theoretical basis and ideas for the future application of GBR membranes to promote the repair of periodontal bone defects.

Vertical Bone Augmentation Using Two Bioactive Glasses in a Rabbit Tibia Model: A Comparative Study with Literature Review

Background: Recently, synthetic materials based on bioactive glasses have been in special demand in dental implantology, which, according to the mechanism of their action, are not only osteo-conductors, but also osteo-inductors. Of even greater interest is the fact that the biological degradation of these materials causes alkalization of the area and inhibits the growth of many pathogens. Considering the unique properties of this group of osteoplastic fillers and the problems associated with healing after guided bone regeneration, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of using bioactive glasses S53P4 and 45S5 when performing vertical bone augmentation in an experiment applying a rabbit tibia model. Methods and Results: Six adult outbred rabbits aged from 1.5 to 2 years and weighing from 2.5 kg to 3.2 kg were used in the study. A titanium mesh was used to perform a true vertical guided bone regeneration technique. In each animal, two titanium tents were placed: one on the left tibia and one on the right tibia. On the left limb, empty spaces were filled with bioactive synthetic bone filler NovaBone® Morsels (USA); on the right limb, we used a mixture of bioactive glass Bonalive® granules CMF (Finland) and mineralized bone MedPark Bone-D XB (Bovine Xenograft, South Korea) in a ratio of 1:1. The quantity and quality of regenerated tissues were assessed after 8-10 weeks. The NovaBone application has allowed a gain of 2.6±2.67 mm in extra-skeletal hard tissue growth. No signs of guided bone regeneration were observed in all cases of application of an osteoplastic mixture of Bonalive and Bone-D XB granules. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, it was found that the use of a mixture of bioactive glass Bonalive (S53P4) with bovine hydroxyapatite in a 1:1 ratio was not effective in vertically guided bone regeneration, but the application of NovaBone (45S5) could promote a new bone formation.

Guided Bone Regeneration with BoneHealTM Membrane after Explantation of Fractured Implant: Case Report

Implantoprosthetic rehabilitation has become the main method to reestablish totally or partially edentulous patients, with a high success rate. However, some complications can cause implant loss. The main one is periimplantitis, with bone loss around the osseointegrated implant. However, implant fractures or incorrect implant position may compromise implant rehabilitation and require implant removal. Several techniques can be used for implant explantation, and the dental surgeon should opt for the easiest and most conservative technique, ensuring the greatest preservation of remaining bone tissue and aiming at the future reinstallation of another osseointegrated implant. Sometimes, associated Guided Bone Regeneration techniques may be necessary in conjunction with future implant installation, using various procedures or biomaterials. The purpose of this article is to present the case of a patient who underwent explantation of a fractured implant. A polypropylene membrane (BoneHealTM) was used and an implant was reinstalled 8 months after explantation.

Bone grafting techniques and materials for implant dentistry.

Bone quality, volume, height and width all play a pivotal role in dental implant stability, success and survival. A lack of adequate bone can be overcome with various bone grafting procedures. Dependent on many factors, including the amount of bone required, the site of implant placement, patient preferences and clinician factors; the type of bone grafting material and procedure undertaken can vary. Supplemental bone can be sourced from a variety of sources, including autogenous, allogenous and xenograft bone. Dependent on the source of the bone, it will have different properties in aiding bone formation, as well as being presented in different formulations, such as bone particles or bone blocks.The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of bone grafting indications, materials and types of bone grafting techniques that can be utilised to aid dental implant provision. It also discusses the properties needed to ensure optimal success of guided bone regeneration techniques.

Preservation of Peri-Implant Mucosa by the Use of Polypropylene Membrane After Dental Extraction: A Case Report

After dental extraction, bone resorption of the alveolar walls and invagination of the gingival tissue are expected. Bone resorption is usually greater in thickness than in height. In addition, the loss of gingival tissue can favour peri-implant mucosal defects, causing a risk to the integrity of this natural mechanical barrier, which is the peri-implant gingival tissue. Guided Tissue Regeneration and Guided Bone Regeneration techniques and procedures can be applied, although the success rate is variable and sometimes difficult to achieve. The use of polypropylene membrane has been widely used after dental extraction to maintain blood clot. This in turn is a natural endogenous precursor, consisting of pluripotent cells necessary for bone neoformation. The purpose of this article is to present the case of maintaining the peri implant keratinised gingiva strip - as a mechanical barrier to protect the implant neck - after tooth extraction and osseointegrated implant installation.

Guided bone regeneration in reconstruction of the jaw and role tissue engineering in dental membrane, a review of literature

Tooth loss can significantly impact the quality of human life, affecting overall well-being, appearance, and nutrition. In advanced dentistry, implant therapy has become a popular option for restoring edentulous regions. Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) is a bone grafting technique that utilizes a protective barrier membrane to prevent soft tissue penetration. This study aims to review various GBR methods, focusing on topics such as bone resorption in the edentulous jaw, different types of GBR techniques, indications for GBR, and limitations associated with this approach.

Comparative evidence of different surgical techniques for the management of vertical alveolar ridge defects in terms of complications and efficacy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

To systematically appraise the available evidence on vertical ridge augmentation (VRA) techniques and estimate a treatment-based ranking on the incidence of complications as well as their clinical effectiveness. Searches were conducted in six databases to identify randomized clinical trials comparing VRA techniques up to November 2022. The incidence of complications (primary) and of early, major, surgical and intra-operative complications, vertical bone gain (VBG), marginal bone loss, need for additional grafting, implant success/survival, and patient-reported outcome measures (secondary) were chosen as outcomes. Direct and indirect effects and treatment ranking were estimated using Bayesian pair-wise and network meta-analysis (NMA) models. Thirty-two trials (761 participants and 943 defects) were included. Five NMA models involving nine treatment groups were created: onlay, inlay, dense-polytetrafluoroethylene, expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene, titanium, resorbable membranes, distraction osteogenesis, tissue expansion and short implants. Compared with short implants, statistically significant higher odds ratios of healing complications were confirmed for all groups except those with resorbable membranes (odds ratio 5.4, 95% credible interval 0.92-29.14). The latter group, however, ranked last in clinical VBG. VRA techniques achieving greater VBG are also associated with higher incidence of healing complications. Guided bone regeneration techniques using non-resorbable membranes yield the most favourable results in relation to VBG and complications.

The Effect of Different Types of Collagen Membranes on Peri-Implant Dehiscence Defects.

This experimental study aimed to compare the bone-implant contact (BIC) following guided bone regeneration with 3 bioabsorbable collagen membranes on peri-implant dehiscence defects. Forty-eight standard dehiscence defects were created in the sheep iliac bone crest, and dental implants were placed into the defects. With the guided bone regeneration technique, the autogenous graft was placed into the defect and covered with different types of membranes: Geistlich Bio-Gide, Ossix Plus, and Symbios Prehydrated were covered. One group was left without a membrane as the control group (C) by applying only an autogenous graft. After recovery periods of 3 and 6 weeks, the experimental animals were sacrificed. Histologic sections were prepared by a nondecalcified method, and BIC was examined. There was no statistically important difference between groups in the third week ( P >0.05). A statistically significant difference between groups was found in the sixth week ( P <0.01). Bone-implant contact values of the C group were significantly lower than those of the Geistlich Bio-Gide and Ossix Plus groups ( P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between control and Symbios Prehydrated groups ( P >0.05). In all sections, osseointegration was observed, with no signs of inflammation, necrosis, or foreign body reaction. In our study, it has been concluded that the resorbable collagen membranes used in treating peri-implant dehiscence defects might affect the BIC, and the success varies according to the type of membrane used.

Guided Bone Regeneration Effects on Bone Quantity and Outcomes of Dental Implants in Patients With Insufficient Bone Support: A Single-Center Observational Study.

Background Guided bone regeneration (GBR)is used to influence on stabilization of dental implants in patients with insufficient bone quantity and anatomical problems.But many studies using GBR resulted in divergent results according to the efficiency of new bone quantity formation and implant survival. This research aimed to study the effects of GBR on the increase of bone quantity and short-term stabilization of dental implants in patients with insufficient bone support. Methodology The study included 26 patientsthat underwent the procedure for 40 dental implants from September 2020 to September 2021. In each case, the vertical bone support was intraoperatively measured, through the MEDIDENT Italia paradontal millimetric probe (Medident Italia, Carpi, Italy). The vertical bone defect was considered when the mean vertical depth between the abutment junction and the marginal bone wasgreater than 1mm up to 8mm. In the group with the presence of the vertical bone defect, GBR technique was used duringthe procedure of dental implantsrealized with synthetic bone graft, resorbable membrane, and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and the group was considered the study (GBR) group. The group of patients with no vertical bone defects(less than 1mm) and no need for any GBR technique usewas considered the control (no-GBR) group. The bone support was evaluated again intraoperatively after six months in both groups when the healing abutmentswere positioned. The vertical bone defect for each group in baseline and after six months is presented as mean±SD and compared using a t-test. A t-test for Equality of Means was used to calculate the mean depth difference (MDD) between baseline and six months values in each group (GBR and no-GBR) and also between both groups. P-value ≤ 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Results Overall 40 dental implants were placed, 20 of them were included in the GBR group and 20 in the no-GBR group. In the GBR group, a statistically significant greater mean vertical bone defect in baseline (day 1), compared to the no-GBR group was found (-4.46±2.76 vs -0.27±0.22; MDD = -4.19 [-5.44 to -2.94] p<0.001). At six months of follow-up in the GBR group, a new bone around the implant was formed, presenting a significantly lower bone defect compared to the baseline measure (-0.39±0.43 vs -4.46±2.76; MDD = -4.07 mm [-5.37 to -2.78]p<0.001). In six months, no statistically significant difference between GBR and no-GBR group in bone support was found (-0.39±0.43 vs -0.27±0.22; MDD = -0.19 [-0.40 to -0.03] p=0.10). In each group, only one implant failure was observed. Conclusions The use of GBR showed an important reduction of vertical depth defect between healing abutment and marginal bone predisposing similarshort-term stability and survival of dental implants. The use of GBR techniques could be essential in the stabilization of dental implants in patients with insufficient bone support.

Effect of Dehydrothermal Treatment on the Structure and Properties of a Collagen-Based Heterogeneous Bilayer Membrane

The use of the guided bone regeneration technique in oral surgery has been proven to be an effective method for repairing alveolar bone defects. However, the success of this technique heavily relies on the barrier membrane used. Collagen is the most frequently used raw material to fabricate a resorbable barrier membrane, which has some drawbacks during clinical application, such as poor mechanical properties and rapid biodegradation. To address these issues, a new approach was developed for the preparation of collagen-based heterogeneous bilayer membranes, which involves a combination of physical treatment and biocompatible chemical cross-linking. The dialdehyde carboxymethyl cellulose was used to cross-link collagen to fabricate the membrane, and dehydrothermal (DHT) treatment was applied to enhance its properties. The results showed that DHT treatment apparently improved the structure stability and compression strength in both dry and swollen states. The biodegradation rate of the bilayer membrane was depressed, and the porosity was improved by dehydrogenation. The bilayer membrane was found to have good cytocompatibility. Moreover, the compact lower layer of the bilayer membrane possessed a strong barrier function to fibroblasts while the loose upper layer was able to enhance the adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. Overall, the collagen-based heterogeneous bilayer membrane has great potential for the application in guided bone regeneration. For the membrane, the improved mechanical properties, reduced biodegradation rate, and enhanced osteoblast response make it a promising material for oral surgery applications.