GSM Cellular Network Research Articles

Design and implementation of an edge computing-based GPS tracking system

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the technical aspects of edge-enabled GPS tracking systems, their evolution, and an analysis of existing problem-solving approaches. It introduces mathematical models that simulate the operation of the hardware and software components of these systems. An adaptive user interface has been developed, enabling usage across various platforms such as smartphones and personal computers. The paper also explores innovative methods for visualizing the trajectory of a moving object on an electronic map. Specialized software for the Atmega162-16PU microcontroller has been developed to control the GSM module and GPS receiver. A novel method for data transmission from a GPS tracker to a web server is proposed. The paper concludes with the successful testing of two experimental GPS-tracker prototypes under uncertain conditions. The developed edge-enabled GPS tracking software and hardware show potential for monitoring moving objects within the coverage of GSM cellular networks.

Розроблення домашньої системи безпеки на основі технологій інтернету речей

This article proposes a cost effective IoT smart home security platform that delivers data in the cloud for applications. The smart security system includes a network for sensing home monitoring devices via wireless ISM communication, a home security system control controller with an Internet connection using a Wifi connection, and a backup method of notifying the user is implemented by SMS message via GSM cellular network, cloud server and applications for mobile phones on the Android operating system. The developed application combines the application of a cloud server, client sensors and a database. It also clarified the hardware and software implementation of the IoT-based home security system and their relative functions.

Analytical Study of Path Loss in Radio Wave Propagation Models of the GSM Cellular Communications Networks in the City of Sana'a

The rapid growth of wireless communication technologies has increased the importance of a proper network planning. Before the actual installation of the network and to ensure that the network is adequately covered, network designers rely heavily on wave propagation models, which are a set of mathematical expressions, and graphs derived from comprehensive field measurements and it is used to represent radio wave properties of a particular environment. The research aims to find a mathematical model to predict the propagation path loss of radio waves in Sana'a city for the appropriate planning of cellular communication systems. In this sense, the researcher applied a practical study to the city of Sana'a by taking three cells (base station) in three different regions (urban and suburban areas and the open area). The research focuses on three stages (the stage of measurements, the stage of analysis and the stage of analysis and comparison). In the results, we obtained three values for path loss constants a and c for the three regions, through which we obtain the logarithmic curves, which in turn has been transformed into mathematical models to be used as a reference for radio planning engineers in the city of Sana'a, the capital of the Republic of Yemen.

دراسة تحليلية لنماذج فقد المسار في انتشار الموجات الراديوية لشبكات الاتصالات الخلوية GSM في مدينة صنعاء

إن النمو المتسارع لتقنيات الاتصالات اللاسلكية زاد من أهمية التخطيط السليم لشبكة الاتصالات وقبل البدء بالتركيب الفعلي للشبكة ولضمان أن الشبكة لها تغطية كافية، يعتمد مصممي الشبكة بشكل كبير على نماذج انتشار الموجات وهي مجموعة من التعابير الرياضية، والرسوم البيانية المستنتجة من القياسات الشاملة على مجال محدد والتي تستخدم لتمثيل خواص الموجات الراديوية لبيئة معينة. يهدف البحث الى إيجاد نموذج رياضي للتنبؤ بفقد المسار في انتشار الموجات الراديوية لمدينة صنعاء من أجل التخطيط الملائم لأنظمة الاتصالات الخلوية, ومن هذا المنطلق قام الباحث بتطبيق دراسة عملية لمدينة صنعاء من خلال أخذ ثلاث خلايا (محطة القاعدة) كعينة في ثلاث مناطق مختلفة (المنطقة الحضرية، منطقة الضواحي والمنطقة المفتوحة) ويتركز البحث على  ثلاث مراحل (مرحلة القياسات و مرحلة المعالجة ومرحلة التحليل والمقارنة) ومن خلال النتائج حصلنا على ثلاث قيم لثوابت فقد المسار a و c للمناطق الثلاث والتي من خلالها نحصل على المنحنيات اللوغاريتمية والتي بدورها تعبر عن نموذج رياضي لعلاقة فقد المسار للإشارة الراديوية بحيث يمكن اعتماد النموذج الرياضي كمرجعية لمهندسي التخطيط الراديوي في مدينة صنعاء عاصمة الجمهورية اليمنية.

The Impact of Customer Retention Strategies in the Nepalese GSM Mobile Service Providers: A Case of Pokhara City

<p>The cellular industry of Nepal has grown by many folds with the influx of more mobile network providers in the market creating a hyper competition among themselves. Retaining the existing customers rather than just focusing on the regular market expansion is, therefore, becominginevitable for them to sustain. In this realm, this research carried out with the core objective of identifying and assessing the impact of customer retention strategies adopted by GSM Cellular Network companies, primarily Ncell & Nepal Telecom within the locality of Pokhara, taking a sample of 192 network users as respondents within a survey based research design framework, surfaced some important findings. Five out of the six customer retention strategies so identified: Service quality, customer care services, price, loyalty enhancement programs and communications showed an association with the type of network customer use except for other service facilities which showed no association with the network types. Very few of users from Pokhara were thinking to switch over to other networks. Internet proved to be the most effective marketing strategies than other media. Service Quality and loyalty enhancement programs were found to be the most preferred customer retention strategies by the users of both networks.</p><p> <strong><em>Economic Literature</em></strong><em>, </em>Vol. XIII August 2016, page 1-8</p>

Drunk-Driver Detection and Alert System (DDDAS) for Smart Vehicles

One of the major causes of road accidents, crashes, mishaps and fatalities globally all over the world is drunk driving. Though driving under intoxication is illegal, even then people restore to such hard-core habits often. In order to combat such risky situation on road, technological innovation needs to be implemented in a cost-effective, efficient and legal manner. This paper discusses design, development and live-performance test of the prototype of drink and drive situation detection and alert cum vehicle control system to minimize road mishaps and enhance public safety on road. It also analyses the response of breath –alcohol semiconductor sensor with respect to variation in distance from source which is critical part of system design. Based upon the recent smart gas sensing and integration of satellite and cellular wireless communication technologies, the proposed device quickly senses the drunken state of the driver during start-up/driving by estimating the equivalent breath alcohol concentration level corresponding to the legally permissible state’s threshold blood alcohol concentration level. On detection of such situation, on-vehicle siren/audio alarm is activated to warn the persons on road and vehicle control system is triggered to lock ignition or stop the fuel inflow to the vehicle. Additionally, ‘alert SMS’ indicating drunk driver location, tracked by onboard GPS receiver, along with vehicle number is communicated remotely to authorized (family members, traffic police) mobile user using GSM cellular network to take appropriate action thereafter. The live experiment results highlighted the successful working performance of the device in-housed at the steering wheel of the vehicle with the drunk driver.

Exploiting GSM Vulnerabilities: An Experimental Setup And Procedure To Map TMSI And Mobile Number

This research paper aims to correlate mobile phone number and TMSI in the GSM cellular network by incorporating advantage of mobile network operator not updating TMSI so frequently with each new service.Silent call procedure is implemented using Arduino board with gsm module sim900.For each network silent call timing is calculated by measuring call completion time and ringing time.So without alerting on the phone of the victim, its phone is forced to receive paging request and this paging request contains TMSI or IMSI.These silent calls will map to TMSI and TMSI can be used to calculate frame number which further leaks Kc using Kraken and the GSM privacy will be exploited.

A Comparative study on Handoff Algorithms for GSM and CDMA Cellular Networks

The GSM, CDMA cellular systems are most trendy 2G and 3G digital cellular telecommunications systems, which is widely used throughout the world. These systems have many advantages such as high security, higher quality of call transmission over the long distances, low transmitted power, and enhanced capacity with more efficient utilization of the frequency spectrum. With these advantages these cellular systems have attracted more subscribers with more attention in the field of mobile communications. One of the most attractive features of cellular system is handoff which is a continuation of an active call when the mobile is moving from one cell to another without disconnecting the call. Usually, continuous service is achieved by efficiently designed handoff algorithms. So, efficient handoff algorithms are necessary for enhancing the capacity and QoS of cellular system. In this paper, the handoff analysis for GSM, CDMA cellular networks are done under various propagation models. Various handoff algorithms of GSM are described and also a novel received signal strength (R<sub>SS</sub>) based GSM handoff algorithm with adaptive hysteresis is analyzed. CDMA Soft handoff algorithm is analyzed and effective soft handoff parameters are estimated for better performance. The Comparison of handoff algorithms is studied based on results.

Co and Adjacent Channel Interference Evaluation in GSM and UMTS Cellular Networks

Interference is the major limiting factor when evaluating the performance of cellular radio systems. Sources of interference could be another mobile at the same cell, a call in progress in a neighboring cell or other base stations operating in the same frequency band. Interference on voice channels causes cross talk due to an undesired transmission. On control channels, interference leads to missed and blocked calls due to errors in the digital signaling. Interference is more severe in urban areas, due to the large number of base stations and mobiles. Interference has been recognized as a major bottleneck when looking for increasing capacity and is often responsible for dropped calls. The two major types of system-generated cellular interference are co-channel interference and adjacent channel interference. Even though interfering signals are often generated within the cellular system, they are difficult to control in practice (due to random propagation effects). Even more difficult to control this interference caused out-of-band users, which arises without warning due to front end overload of subscriber equipment or intermittent inter-modulation products. In practice, the transmitters from competing cellular carriers are often a significant source of out-of-band interference, since competitors often locate their base stations in close proximity to one another in order to provide comparable coverage to customers. This paper presents study of co and adjacent channel interferences in second and third generations of cellular radio systems.

Determination of the probability and rate of corrosion on reinforced concrete specimens through a remote corrosion monitoring system

In this paper, we present the design and construction of a remote monitoring system for determining the probability and rate of corrosion of rebar embedded in concrete. We use the ASTM standard C876 technique for the probability of corrosion and the Linear Polarization Resistance method to indirectly obtain the rate of corrosion. The system consists of a communication module using GSM and GPRS cellular networks which provide remote measurements. The device was used to evaluate corrosion with reference electrodes of copper/copper sulfate and graphite on Type I Portland cement specimens of 15cm in diameter and 30cm in length. The results of the measurements were compared to a commercial system, revealing similar values to the data obtained in the field and the laboratory.

Interference Mitigation Techniques for Spectral Capacity Enhancement in GSM Networks

Random Frequency Hopping (FH) is a key feature of GSM networks that allows for capacity enhancement. The increased co-channel interference experienced in networks with tight frequency reuse schemes can be mitigated by adopting frequency hopping. Frequency hopping diversifies the interference signals over sparse transmitted bursts. This effect is called Interference Diversity. Interference Diversity allows the Forward Error Correcting codes (FEC) to easily correct the corrupted bits. Thus, frequency hopping allows the network operator to use a tighter frequency reuse scheme without exhibiting higher levels of co-channel interference. Discontinuous Transmission (DTX) is another interference mitigation method that utilizes the user’s silence frames to reduce the transmitted power, while Power Control (PC) links the transmitted handset power with its relative distance from the Base Station (BTS). In this work, we study the impact of random FH, DTX and PC on the Spectral Capacity of GSM cellular networks by means of combined link level and system level simulation. It is shown that a spectral capacity gain is obtained in a 3/9 reuse scheme that deploys PC, DTX and FH compared to a conventional 4/12 reuse scheme.

Design and Implementation of Secure SMS Messaging System

Short message service (SMS) is popular used for data bearer/service within GSM, CDMA, and other cellular networks. However, the traditional SMS messaging does not provide the security services such as confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and non-repudiation, etc. In this paper, we propose a secure SMS protocol (SSP) at application layer and design the format of the secure message packet, and we design and implementation the secure SMS messaging system. This solution will help commercial companies and government authorities who need confidential information transmitted over the air to build secure SMS messaging.

Determination of Mobile Phone Tracking using various Softwares

One of the important features of Communication System is to find the Location of a Person. Finding the location of Person is either through Internet or through Mobile Devices. Most of the valuable location-based services are enabled by this feature of Location Tracking. There are various Location technologies which can be used and implemented by telecommunication managers and engineers. The technologies are GPS, GPRS, and WiFi with android operating Systems. Location can also be searched without GPS through Internet. The paper briefly discussed GSM network and cellular data networks from point of view of IP Clients, used for finding location of mobile phone. Further, a paper determined the location through IPaddress, through mobile Number, through SMS, through facebook and also through google latitude. Finally the study compares the result that leads to conclusions and key issues for further research.

Performance Analysis of a Novel LBS Application Using MBMS&TPEG in 3G Mobile Networks

Location-based services (LBS) provide content that is dynamically customized according to the user's location. These services are commonly delivered to mobile devices. Due to wireless bandwidth limit, broadcasting based transmission technology is one of main methods to provide dynamic real-time information or public emergency for commercial LBS applications. Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Services (MBMS) is a broadcasting service offered via existing GSM and UMTS cellular networks. MBMS has the major benefit that the network infrastructure already exists for mobile network operators and the deployment can be cost effective compared with building a new network for the services. However, Location-based services historically were built as stand-alone applications that did not communicate easily with other applications and systems. Therefore, open standards will be a necessary catalyst for LBS growth. This paper proposes a novel LBS application framework based on the TPEG protocol (transport protocol experts group) over MBMS and explains the implement of that using the stream delivery method and download delivery method. For download service, Results of performance tests for FLUTE protocol (File Delivery under unidirectional Transport) and FEC (Forward error correction) are also presented.

Any Time Any Where- Remote Monitoring of Attendance System based on RFID using GSM Network

means Radio Frequency Identification is a wireless identification technique which becomes very popular these days and is used for the identification of physical objects like products, humans etc by the use of radio frequency. This technique is much more advantageous, safe, secure and easy with lower overhead in contrast with the other conventional technique used. It is much faster and it has two components i.e. RFID tag and RFID reader. In this paper, we have proposed a push based SMS sending approach by GSM cellular network to remote monitoring of attendance of student based on RFID.

The Study and Analysis on Air-Interface Problems over GSM Cellular Network in Central Pattaya Area

This research is to study the air-interface signal problems over GSM cellular network. Using TEMS investigation GSM, several air-interface signal problems are detected at Sukhumvit-Naklue Road, Pattaya-Beach Road No.1, Pattaya Alleyways No.1-4, and Central Pattaya Avenue. In this paper, technical causes are examined and corrective approaches are also recommended. In particular, those problems can be clearly eliminated using corrective approaches.

Improve Performance Of Aodv Protocol In Wireless Ad-Hoc Network By Network Coding

This papers presents network coding ideas to improve the throughput of AODV routing protocol, and further proposes a new routing protocol NCAODV. Internationally used simulation tool NS2 will be used to simulate the NCAODV routing protocol. The simulation results show that the proposed NCAODV routing protocol has an improved throughput than AODV routing protocol. Keywords- Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Devnagiri script. I. INTRODUCTION Wireless communication technology has rapidly increased in the last few decades. People wish to use their network terminals (laptops, PDAs, etc.) anywhere and anytime. Wireless connectivity has given users the freedom to move where they desire. There exist numerous different wireless networks varying in the way the nodes interconnect. They can be broadly classified in two categories Networks with fixed infrastructure and Ad hoc wireless networks. Typical for networks with fixed infrastructure is using of access points. An access point (AP) can act as a router in the network, or as a bridge. Examples for this type of networks are GSM and UMTS cellular networks. In ad-hoc wireless networks the nodes themselves use each other as routers, so these nodes should be more intelligent than the nodes in an centralized networks with APs (1). In communication networks, such as Ethernet or packet radio, throughput or network throughput is the average rate of successful message delivery over a communication channel. This data may be delivered over a physical or logical link, or pass through a certain network node. The throughput is usually measured in bits per second (bit/s or bps), and sometimes in data packets per second or data packets per time slot. Thus the term throughput is essentially synonymous to digital bandwidth consumption (1). The throughput of a communication system will be limited by a huge number of factors such as: 1. Analog limitations - The maximum achievable throughput (the channel capacity) is affected by the bandwidth in hertz and signal-to-noise ratio of the analog physical medium. Wireless Channel Effects, Skin effect etc fall into this category affect the throughput of the system adversely. 2. IC hardware considerations - Computational systems have finite processing power, and can drive finite current. Limited current drive capability can limit the effective signal to noise ratio for high capacitance links. 3. Multi-user considerations - Ensuring that multiple users can harmoniously share a single communications link requires some kind of equitable sharing of the link. If a bottle neck communication link offering data rate R is shared by N active users (with at least one data packet in queue), every user typically achieves a throughput of approximately R/N, if fair queuing best-effort communication is assumed. Packet loss due to Network congestion, bit errors etc are crucial here (1). II. AD-HOC ON-DEMAND VECTOR

Tracking Indian Tigers using Adhoc Networks and GIS

Indian forests hold over half the world's tiger population. The forest rangers find it very hard to track the tigers. The combination of Wireless technology, Adhoc Networks and GIS can be helpful in this aspect. We propose a system that uses a combination of Adhoc network, GPS & GIS technologies to help the forest rangers in tracking & identification of the tigers. The primary focus is on the advantages that Adhoc Networks offer. The Communication between the animal's device and the user can be via GSM cellular network which allows real-time tracking. The communication in forest like remote areas can be established using Ad-hoc networks.

Experimental Analysis of Voice and Data Transmission Parameters for Mobile Terminals in Cellular Data Networks

This work presents the experimental results related to performance measurements in GSM and GPRS cellular data networks. Two Mobile Terminals were used, in order to take place the scenario. Power Level, Power vs Time, Modula-tion Analysis, Modulation Spectrum, (BER) Bit Error Rate and Throughput were considered in this analysis.

The Use of Wireless E-Mail to Improve Healthcare Team Communication

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of using wireless e-mail for clinical communication in an intensive care unit (ICU). DesignThe authors implemented push wireless e-mail over a GSM cellular network in a 26-bed ICU during a 6-month study period. Daytime ICU staff (intensivists, nurses, respiratory therapists, pharmacists, clerical staff, and ICU leadership) used handheld devices (BlackBerry, Research in Motion, Waterloo, ON) without dedicated training. The authors recorded e-mail volume and used standard methods to develop a self-administered survey of ICU staff to measure wireless e-mail impact. MeasurementsThe survey assessed perceived impact of wireless e-mail on communication, team relationships, staff satisfaction and patient care. Answers were recorded on a 7-point Likert scale; favorable responses were categorized as Likert responses 5, 6, and 7. ResultsStaff sent 5.2 (1.9) and received 8.9 (2.1) messages (mean [SD]) per day during 5 months of the 6-month study period; usage decreased after study completion. Most (106/125 [85%]) staff completed the questionnaire. The majority reported that wireless e-mail improved speed (92%) and reliability (92%) of communication, improved coordination of ICU team members (88%), reduced staff frustration (75%), and resulted in faster (90%) and safer (75%) patient care; Likert responses were significantly different from neutral (p < 0.001 for all). Staff infrequently (18%) reported negative effects on communication. There were no reports of radiofrequency interference with medical devices. ConclusionsInterdisciplinary ICU staff perceived wireless e-mail to improve communication, team relationships, staff satisfaction, and patient care. Further research should address the impact of wireless e-mail on efficiency and timeliness of staff workflow and clinical outcomes.