Growth Of Broccoli Research Articles

Nutrient Uptake and Soil Nutrient Status as Influenced by Drip Fertigation Levels and Schedules in Broccoli

The experiment was carried out to study the effect of fertigation levels and schedules on growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var italica) during the rabi season of 2021-22 involving 4 levels of fertilizer (75, 100 and 125 % RDF) along with one control (100 % RDF) through soil application and three fertigation scheduling (S1, S2 and S3) with three replications. The result of study revealed that higher fertigation of broccoli with balanced nutrition; better water and nutrient utilization gave significantly higher plant growth and yield and good quality of broccoli. In general, pooled mean revealed that application of 125 % RDF with fertigation schedule S2 :15 % NPK at transplanting to plant establishment, 1-10 DAT, 50 % NPK at curd initiation stage,11-35 DAT and 35 % NPK at curd development stage, 36-60 DAT recorded maximum NPK uptake in plant (kg/ha) and available NPK in soil (kg/ha).

Assessment of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and economics of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) Cv. Green star

Assessment of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and economics of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) Cv. Green star

Enhancing Broccoli growth by bacillus rhizosphere bacteria

This study examines the enhancement of broccoli growth by Bacillus Rhizosphere. Bacteria Broccoli is a nutrient-rich vegetable known for its high content of polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and low calorie count, making it a recommended daily food. Tropical regions grow broccoli in mountainous areas. Sustainable agriculture emphasizes minimizing chemical fertilizers, and biofertilizers like Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as Bacillus, can reduce their use. Bacillus improves plant growth by fixing nitrogen, solubilizing phosphate and potassium, and producing phytohormones. Understanding Bacillus growth dynamics is vital for optimizing its agricultural application. This study aimed to analyze growth curves of different Bacillus species and investigate their potential role in promoting broccoli growth. This study was carried out in January–April 2024 at the Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, and Bumi Agro Technology Company, Lembang. The research was divided into 3 stages: growth curve determination, Bacillus liquid inoculant preparation, and application of treatment to plants. The findings showed that isolates of B. safensis strain MDL5, B. altitudinis strain RPW2, B. subtilis strain YPS4, and Bacillus sp. strain SZ057 reached the highest point in their growth curves after 4 and 5 days of incubation. After that, the curves slowly went down. Inoculating Bacillus into broccoli plants resulted in an increase in plant height by 43.28–58.75% compared to the control.

Effect of GA3, NAA and Ethrel on plant growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)

Effect of GA3, NAA and Ethrel on plant growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)

Effect of different sources of organic manures on growth and yield of Broccoli

Indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers is a common practice that is hazardous both for soil health and the environment. It has been more than three decades that global agriculture has been depicted towards organic agriculture owing to sustainability and reduced environmental effects. An experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications to study the effect of different sources of organic nutrients on growth and yield of broccoli. The experiment consisted of five different sources of manures; control (no manure), cowdung (25 t/ha), Trichoderma compost (10 t/ha), vermicompost (12 t/ha) and poultry litter (14 t/ha) along with two cultivars of broccoli; ‘Imperial’ and ‘Premium Crop’. Different sources of manures and cultivars had significant influence on plant height, height up to curd, number of leaves per plant, length of leaf, breadth of leaf, plant canopy, diameter of curd, diameter of stem, weight of primary curd, number of secondary curds, weight of secondary curd, yield per plant, yield per unit plot and yield per hectare. The maximum yield (17.32 t/ha) was obtained from vermicompost, followed by poultry litter in ‘Premium Crop’ (15.68 t/ha) cultivar. The minimum yield (6.62 t/ha) was recorded by no manure in ‘Imperial’. Control treatment showed the lowest values for all the parameters studied. Combination of vermicompost and ‘Premium Crop’ cultivar was found the best among all other treatment combinations, including in respect of net return (Tk. 234099/ha) and BCR (3.08). Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 2, August 2024: 197-204

Synergistic mechanisms of lignin-based novel materials and leaf-surface selenium fertilizer in alleviating drought and heavy metal stress

Drought and heavy metal stress threaten sustainable crop production and ecosystems, highlighting the urgent need for resilient agricultural practices. The synthesis of lignin-based hydrogel (L-GH) and foliar selenium (Se) offers a potential solution to mitigate these adverse effects. However, comprehensive research on their applications in alleviating drought stress, remediating heavy metals, and enhancing crop production is limited. To address these gaps, the optimal ratio for L-GH synthesis using sodium lignosulfonate (L) and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) as raw materials was determined through the response surface method (RSM). The synthesis mechanism and possible functional groups and structures of L-GH were identified by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and other characterization techniques. A pot experiment assessed the effects of L-GH (L0=0; L1=0.2 %; and L2=0.5 %) and foliar Se (L0=0; Se=3 mg.L−1) under drought (H=75 % control; HA=45 % field water capacity) on Chinese broccoli growth and the uptake of heavy metals cadmium, copper, zinc (Cd, Cu, Zn). Results indicated that L-GH hydrogel, with a layered porous structure and hydrophilic functional groups, achieved a water absorption rate of 389.17 g.g−1. Under drought and heavy metal stress, L-GH combined with Se effectively reduced the absorption of Cd and Cu. In the L2+Se treatment (0.5 % L-GH + 3 mg.L−1 Se), Cd and Cu contents decreased by 31.06 % and 72.14 %, respectively. Simultaneously, the photosynthetic activity of the plant increased, stress resistance was enhanced, and both growth and biomass accumulation were promoted. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased by 78.82 %, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (PSII potential activity Fv/F0 and maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm) increased by 49.92 % and 11.97 %, respectively. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that L-GH could potentially decrease the absorption of heavy metals by enhancing soil moisture (SWC) and pH levels, increasing aggregate stability (WAS) and organic carbon (SOC) content, enhancing plant stress resistance, and promoting growth. In this study, a novel material (L-GH) capable of retaining water and immobilizing heavy metals in soil was successfully developed. The concurrent application of L-GH with Se has been shown to effectively mitigate the combined stresses of drought and heavy metals on the growth of Chinese broccoli. These findings offer valuable insights for the remediation of soil contaminated by both drought and heavy metals.

Effect of Nano and non-Nano NPK Fertilizers on growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) Grown under Covered and Un Covered Conditions.

This study included the effects of two planting methods (plastic house and open field) or (covered and uncovered) conditions, three levels of nano NPK fertilizer (approximately 0, 3, 6 g.l-1 ) and three levels of non-nano NPK fertilizer(0, 3, 6 g.l-1 ) were included in this trial (2x3x3=18) with three replicate experimental units (54). Nano and non-nano NPK fertilizers sprayed plants after a week from transplanting and other spraying are donetwo times with an interval of 15 days between each spray.

The Impact of Mulches and Biofertilizers on the Growth and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Italica): A Comprehensive Review

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is a widely cultivated vegetable known for its nutritional benefits and economic importance. In present years there has been a growing interest in sustainable agricultural practices which enhances the productivity while minimizing the environmental impacts. Mulching and biofertilization has become a promising and an impactful agro-technique to improve the soil health, nutrient availability and water retention. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of the mulches and biofertilizer on the growth and yield of broccoli. Various types of mulches including the organic (e.g. Straw, rice husk, saw dust etc.) and inorganic mulches (e.g. Plastic film) have been studied for their impact on soil temperature moderation, moisture conservation, suppression of weed and nutrient retention. Similarly, biofertilizers as Phosphorus Solubilising Bacteria, VAM, Azotobacter chroococcum, A. vinelandi, Derxia sp., B. megaterium, B. lichenformis, and Bacillus subtilis bacteria etc. have been investigated for their ability to enhance plant growth and yield. This review underscores the importance of integrated approaches that harness the synergistic benefits of mulches and biofertilizers to maximize the growth and yield of broccoli while minimizing environmental footprints in agriculture. Such strategies hold promises for advancing sustainable food production systems and meeting the challenges of global food security and climate changes.

Impact of Irrigation and Tillage Systems Under Different Levels of Boron Fertilizer on the Growth and Productivity of Broccoli

Impact of Irrigation and Tillage Systems Under Different Levels of Boron Fertilizer on the Growth and Productivity of Broccoli

Effect of organic nutrient management practices on growth, yield and quality of broccoli [Brassica oleracea (L.) var. italic] var. Green Magic

A experiment was carried out on the effect of organic nutrient management practices on growth and yield of Broccoli at Horticulture farm, Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Dabok, Udaipur from October 2022 to February 2023.The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design. Replicated thrice with 12 treatment combinations, comprising various combinations of organic nutrient (FYM, Neem cake Poultry Manure vermicompost and Jeevamrut spray). Results showed that among the treatment of organic nutrient management practices, application of T6 treatment (i.e. 75% RDN through Poultry Manure + Vermicompost and Jeevamrut spray @ 500 l/ha at 30, 40 and 60 days after transplanting), transplanting was observed that the maximum growth, yield and quality as compared to rest of treatments.The maximum plant height i.e. 20.13cm, 31.43cm and 52.37cm was, respectively observed on 30, 60 DAT, The maximum leaf length at harvest 43.17cm, The highest leaf width at harvest 34.73cm at 30, 40 and 60 days after transplanting), the minimum days taken to head formation 92.10 DAT was observed, The maximum polar diameter of head 16.63cm was recorded and the maximum equatorial diameter of head 18.63cm was recorded.The highest total soluble solid was 8.50 °Brix was found and maximum ascorbic acid was 93.18mg/100g.

Effect of Nano and non-Nano NPK Fertilizers on growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) Grown under Covered and Un Covered Conditions.

Effect of Nano and non-Nano NPK Fertilizers on growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) Grown under Covered and Un Covered Conditions.

Evaluation of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) varieties with respect to growth and yield in Chitwan, Nepal

A field experiment was carried out during October, 2021 to March, 2022 with an objective to evaluate growth and yield parameters of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) varieties in the Horticulture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments were six broccoli varieties viz. two open pollinated (Calabrese and Green Sprouting) and four hybrid varieties (Centauro, Century, Delight, Everest Green). Data were collected for biometrical, phonological, yield and yield attributing characteristics. Results revealed significance for growth and yield parameters. Calabrese had the tallest plant (100.60 cm), the highest leaf number per plant (15.75), the longest leaf (73.90 cm), higher canopy diameter (101.75 cm) and earliness in head initiation (54.50 days) as well as head maturity (60.25 days). Highest head diameter (30.13 cm) and economic yield (22.52 mt/ha) was observed in Century. Thus, Century was found more profitable for commercial production in the environment conditions of Chitwan, Nepal.

Effect of Different Transplanting Dates on Performance of Different Varieties on Growth of Broccoli

The field trail was undertaken on the crop broccoli in the Rabi season of 2022-23 at Agriculture Research Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab to find out the “Effect of different transplanting dates on performance of different varieties on growth of broccoli”. The soil of the experimental plot had a slightly alkaline texture, a naturally occurring pH of 7.5, level of organic carbon (0.62%) and available amounts of N (430.32 kg/ha), P (17.54 kg/ha) and K (251.65 kg/ha). The experiment was designed in Factorial randomized block design (FRBD), replicated with three times and included nine treatments i.e. D1V1 (5th November + Rani Hybrid), D2V1 (15th November + Rani Hybrid), D3V1 (25th November + Rani Hybrid), D1V2 (5th November + Palam Samridhi), D2V2 (15th November + Palam Samridhi), D3V2 (25th November + Palam Samridhi), D1V3 (5th November + Bobby Hybrid), D2V3 (15th November + Bobby Hybrid) and D3V3 (25th November + Bobby Hybrid). The results indicated that significantly higher growth parameters viz., number of leaves per plant, plant height, leaf length, width and plant spread was observed on the 15th November transplanting as compared to 5th November and 25th November transplanting dates. In conclusion establishment of variety Palam Samridhi showed an excellent result on the 15th November transplanting date as compared to other transplanting dates.

The Impact of Semi‐Transparent Solar Panels on Tomato and Broccoli Growth

The emergence of semi‐transparent solar panels offers opportunities for their application in greenhouses where the radiation is a critical issue. The light passing through these panels is often affected, leading to a decrease in certain wavelengths that could potentially impact plant growth and quality. To address this concern, this study is performed to investigate the growth and yield of tomato and broccoli plants cultivated under semi‐transparent photovoltaic solar panels compared to those grown under conventional greenhouse plastic. Their physiological and metabolic changes are also examined. A decrease in the yellow/green spectrum after installation of the solar panels is observed. In both plants, slight alterations are observed by solar panels, enhancing even the height of plants and fruit yield in case of tomato. However, both plants showed changes related to their photosynthetic activity and some metabolite concentration. Specifically, there are significant reductions in An (photosynthetic rate) and lower levels of trigonelline in plants grown under solar panels. These reductions may be attributed to the different radiation conditions experienced by the plants, which do not appear to directly impact plant growth. The obtained results highlight the promising potential of solar panel‐integrated greenhouses that optimize economic and energy benefits while maintaining product quality.

Mitigation of water stress in broccoli by soil application of humic acid

The main challenge to plant productivity is water scarcity, which is predicted to get worse with climate change, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. Humic acid could improve plant tolerance to mitigate drought damage, which is an effective strategy to improve crop production and agriculture sustainability under limited water conditions in these regions, but its effective application rates should also be established. Thus, two field experiments were carried out at the Qaha Vegetable Research Farm in Qalubia Governorate, Egypt, during the two seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 on clay soil. The present study investigated the effect of three rates of humic acid application (0, 4.8, and 9.6 kg ha-1) on growth, yield, and quality of broccoli cv. Montop F1 hybrid under well-watered and drought conditions. Drought was induced by missing alternate irrigation. Soluble humic acid as potassium-humate was applied three times with irrigation water at the time of the first three irrigations of drought treatment. Water-stressed plants had a decrease in growth, yield, leaf chlorophyll, and nutrient content, while they showed an increase in the contents of leaf proline and curd dry matter and total soluble solids as well as water use efficiency, in both seasons. Soil application of humic acid was effective in mitigating the adverse effects of water deficit stress on the growth and yield of broccoli. Water-stressed plants had the highest WUE value (9.32 and 9.36 kg m3−1 in the first and second seasons, respectively) when the maximal humic acid rate was applied. Humic acid at a high level (9.6 kg ha−1) had the most promising results and represents an opportunity that must be applied to improve broccoli yield and its production sustainability in arid and semiarid regions.

Effect of humic acid, calcium and poultry waste on growth and yield of broccoli

A field experiment aimed to investigate the effect of humic acid, calcium spraying on the plant and poultry waste on growth and yield of broccoli in Abu Ghraib area within the Horticultural Department during 2019 season. The study utilized a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Humic acid to the soil at two levels (0 and 40 L ha−1), poultry manure at two levels (0 and 12 Mg ha−1), nitrogen at 96 kg N ha−1, phosphorous at 184 kg P ha−1, potassium added at 100 kg K ha−1. Calcium sprayed on the plants in the form of CaCl2 and CaSO4 at two levels (0 and 10 g L−1). Results showed effects of humic acid, incorporating poultry manure, plant calcium spraying, their interactions, on N, P and K in flowering leaves number, and plant yield. Nitrogen concentration in the flowering tablets reached 3.04%, phosphorus concentration in the flowering tablets was 0.47%, and potassium concentration in the flowering discs was 3.23%. Additionally, there was a notable increase in leaves number per plant (41.47 leaf plant−1) and plant yield reached 30.07 Mg ha−1, representing a remarkable of 143.87% compared to control.

Effect of Different Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. italic)

The field experiment was conducted at Nabogram Agro Farm, Mannannagar, Sadar, Noakhali during the period from October 2020 to January 2021 to evaluate the effect of different organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. italica). The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of five treatments with three replications. The five treatments were T0 (No manure), T1 (Cowdung 5 t ha-1), T2 (Trichocompost 5 t ha-1), T3 (Vermicompost 5 t ha-1), T4 (Cowdung 50% + Trichocompost 50%) and T5 (Cowdung 50% + Vermicompost 50%). Data were collected in respect of plant growth and yield indicating characters at harvest. All the recorded parameters were statistically significant. For 100% curd initiation, maximum time (61 days) was recorded from T0 (Control), while minimum days (55 days) were recorded from T2 (Trichocompost 5 t ha-1). At harvest, the maximum plant height (64.70 cm), leaf length (35.05 cm), leaf breadth (32.32 cm), number of leaves per plant (14.66), the weight of full plant (1158.27 g), the marketable weight of curd (496.67 g), individual curd weight (320.67 g), diameter of curd (13.432 cm), marketable yield (19.242 t ha-1) were found in treatment T5 (Cowdung 50% + Vermicompost 50%) whereas lowest data recorded from treatment T0 (Control). So it is observed that T5 (Cowdung 50% + Vermicompost 50%) provides the highest results which may be more economical for the farmer according to the findings of this experiment. Vol. 10, No. 3, December 2023: 237-245

Soil fertility, growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) as influenced by integrated nutrient management practices

Soil fertility, growth and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) as influenced by integrated nutrient management practices

RESPONSE OF YIELD AND QUALITY OF BROCCOLI TO TYPE OF NUTRIENT SOLUTION UNDER HYDROPONIC SYSTEM WITH MODIFIED NFT TECHNOLOGY

This study was carried out at the Dept. Hortic. and Land.Gard., Coll. Agric. Eng.Sci., University of Baghdad during fall season of 2019-2020, in order to evaluate the effect of nutrient solution type under hydroponic system (NFT) on growth, yield and quality of broccoli Brassica oleracea var.italica. Two experiments were carried out which were the standard solution experiment (Cooper) and the alternative solution experiment (ABEER) prepared from fertilizers. Results revealed that the type of solution used in the hydroponics system had non significant effect on the leaves content of N,K, Mg, Fe, Cu, B, Chlorophyll, leaves number, root length, weight of the main heads, number of side heads were not significantly affected. 13nt, reflected on the productivity under the nutrient solution (45.87 and 44.78 ton ha-1 for the standard and alternative solutions, respectively), While the effect of the alternative solution was recorded a significant increment for each of the leaves percent of phosphorous, manganese and zinc concentration, Number of days until harvest 50% of the plants (0.65%, 23.84,59.56 mg kg-1, 94.74 day respectively ),compared to the standard solution, which recorded a significant increment in the calcium percent in the leaves, plant height, leaves area, shoots dry weight, roots dry weight, shoots: roots dry weight, diameter of the main heads and weight of the side heads. As for the yield quality parameters, Results revealed the type of nutrient solution non significant effect on quality of broccoli. The results could be recommend the alternative solution (ABEER) as a promising nutrient solution in hydroponics system.

Growth and Yield of Broccoli Vegetables (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) on Types and Dosages of Manure

Broccoli is a vegetable commodity that has high commercial value and prospects in Indonesia, because of its role in fulfilling food, feed, and industrial needs. In cultivating broccoli plants, they still face production problems due to nutrient availability problems. Farmers generally use chemical fertilizers continuously. Continuous use of chemical fertilizers will increase soil acidity, damage the physical condition of the soil, reduce organic matter, make plants vulnerable to pests and disease, and reduce soil microbial life. Many consumers are interested in organic broccoli. The use of organic fertilizer as an alternative to chemical (inorganic) fertilizer can reduce environmental pollution and create healthy broccoli (Brassica oleracea) vegetable products. One of the organic fertilizers is manure which is a waste product from domestic animals such as chickens, goats, and pigs which are generally found in Tomohon City. Manure can be used to add nutrients, and improve the physical and biological properties of soil. The quality of manure depends on the animal and greatly influences crop yields. The research objectives are: (1) Studying the effect of the interaction between the type and dose of manure on broccoli growth and yield, (2) Obtaining the type and dose of manure that provides the highest growth and yield of broccoli, and (3) Get semi-organic broccoli by using a 25% dose of compound nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) fertilizer. To achieve the above objectives, this research used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with 2 treatment factors and 3 replications the first factor was the type of manure (A) which consisted of A1: Chicken manure, A2: Goat manure, A3: Pig manure. The second factor is the dose of manure (B) which consists of B0: 125 kg NPK/hectare, B1: 20 manure/hectare, B2: 30 kg/hectare. The observation variables include plant height, number of leaves, diameter of broccoli per plant, and wet weight of broccoli per plant. Data analysis uses Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). If the results of the analysis show that there is an effect of treatment, then continue with the BNT test at the 5% level. The results showed that the treatment with goat manure at a dose of 20 tons/hectare and without manure at half the recommended dose of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium gave the highest number of leaves (18.67 and 19.67 leaves). The best broccoli crop diameter was treated with goat manure at a dose of 20 and 30 tons/hectare. The weight of the best broccoli crop in goat and pig manure at a dose of 20 tons/hectare was 47.67 grams.