Growth Disorders Research Articles

Promising Phytoconstituents in Antiangiogenesis Drug Development

Angiogenesis, the process of forming new blood vessels from existing ones, is crucial in both physiological and pathological conditions, such as tumor growth, metastasis, and inflammatory disorders. Targeting angiogenesis has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Recent research has increasingly focused on the role of bioactive components found in food in regulating angiogenesis, although there are certain limitations. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the origins, composition, pharmacological activities, and mechanisms of action of these components in medicinal foods, reflecting the growing intersection of medicine and nutrition. The goal is to aid in preventing angiogenesis-related complications and fostering healthier habits. The insights offered in this review aim to advance the development of effective, low-toxicity antiangiogenic drugs. Additionally, there has been a notable rise in interest in plant-derived compounds with antiangiogenic properties. This review investigates the potential of phytoconstituents from plants as drug candidates targeting angiogenesis, exploring their mechanisms of action, the research conducted thus far, and the challenges associated with transitioning these compounds into clinical applications.

The influence of multivitamins on neurological and growth disorders: a cross-sectional study.

While vitamin deficiencies can pose serious health consequences for the body, excessive intake of vitamins can also lead to health risks. However, there is limited data about the impact of multivitamins on neurological and growth disorders. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between multivitamins and neurological and growth disorders. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 16,921 subjects who visited the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from 2019 to 2021. The subjects were categorized into two groups based on their health status including 9,368 cases (4,484 with neurological disorders and 4,884 with growth disorders) and 7,553 healthy controls. Statistical tests including the T-test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, and Chi-Square test were employed to compare the groups, and logistic regression and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression were used to identify associations. In the adjusted logistic regression, serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], vitamin B2, and vitamin B9 were associated with decreasing risks of neurological disorders, whereas vitamin A, vitamin B1, and vitamin B12 were associated with increasing risks of neurological disorders. Nevertheless, vitamin A and vitamin B2 were associated with increasing risks of growth disorders. In the WQS model, nine multivitamins were positively associated with risks of neurological disorders, and Vitamins D and C were weighted the most. In addition, the inverse association but not statistically significant was observed between multivitamins and growth disorders, particularly growth retardation revealed a negative association, and some individual growth disorders revealed positive associations including obesity and malnutrition. In general, the study observed that multivitamins may be associated with neurological and growth disorders either positive or negative depending on the type of disorder.

Outcome reporting in cardio-obstetrics studies: A systematic review

BackgroundAlthough considerable variation in the reporting and definition of outcomes in cardio-obstetric studies is known, the extent of this variation has not been documented. The primary objective of this systematic review was to highlight this variation and inform the development of a Core Outcome Set for studies on Cardiac disease in Pregnancy (COSCarP). MethodsMedline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Central databases were searched from 1980 to 2018 to identify all English-language publications on pregnancy and heart disease. Title/abstract screening and data extraction which included details on the study, patient population, and all reported outcomes, was performed in duplicate by two reviewers. As the aim of the review was to identify variation in outcome reporting, risk-of-bias assessment was not performed. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42016038218). ResultsThe final analysis included 422 cardio-obstetric studies. Maternal mortality or survival were reported in 232/422 studies, with inconsistency in terms of cause of death [all-cause (n=65), cardiac (n=55) or obstetric (n=10)] or timeframe (ranging from in-hospital mortality (n=11) to mortality 5 years following pregnancy). In 95/232 studies (41%), the cause and timeframe were not specified. Similar inconsistencies in reporting and definitions were noted for outcomes such as heart failure (n=298), perinatal loss (n=296), fetal growth (n=221), bleeding (n=205), arrhythmias (n=202), preterm birth (n=191), thromboembolism (n=153) and hypertensive disorders (n=122). Functioning / life-impact and adverse effects of treatment were sparingly reported in cardio-obstetric studies. ConclusionsThis systematic review hopes to create awareness among cardio-obstetric teams about the inconsistencies in reporting and defining outcomes which makes it difficult to compare studies and perform meta-analyses. COSCarP which is being developed through international consensus between patients and care-providers will provide cardio-obstetrics teams with a minimal set of outcomes to be reported in future cardio-obstetric studies.

The Effect of Substituting Wheat Flour with Composite Flour (Cucurbita moschata and Daucus carota L.) on Biscuits as a Source of Beta Carotene for Stunted Children

The problem of stunting in Indonesia is still quite high, namely 21,6% based on data from the 2022 Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI). One of the effective measures to control stunting is through providing additional food (PMT) such as biscuits to children. Carrots and pumpkin are local foods that are rich in beta carotene. Carotenoids as a source of provitamin A are able to overcome the problem of vitamin A deficiency (VAD), which is the cause of growth disorders in children. This research aims to determine the effect of substitution of yellow pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) and carrot (Daucus carota L.) composite flour on organoleptic characteristics including color, aroma, taste, texture and nutritional content (beta carotene, carbohydrates, protein and fat). This research used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 3 treatments, namely formula 1 (150 grams of wheat flour, 50 grams of pumpkin flour and 50 grams of carrot flour), formula 2 (50 grams of wheat flour, 60 grams of pumpkin flour and 50 grams of flour carrots) and formula 3 (50 grams of wheat flour, 50 grams of pumpkin flour and 150 grams of carrot flour) with 3 repetitions. The research results showed that formula 3 biscuits were the best formulation in terms of organoleptic characteristics with the highest beta carotene content compared to F1 and F2. F3 biscuits contain 30,97 mg beta carotene, 7,45 grams of carbohydrates, 3,22 grams of protein and 8,89 grams of fat. The conclusion of this research is that the substitution of wheat flour with composite flour (Cucurbita moschata and Daucus carota L.) has an effect on the nutritional content (beta carotene, carbohydrates, protein and fat) of biscuits. Consuming pumpkin biscuits per 100 grams can qualify as a good source of the antioxidant beta carotene.

MODEL INTERVENSI SUPPORTIVE EDUCATIVE SYSTEM BERBASIS INTEGRASI SELF CARE TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN DAN PRAKTIK PEMBERIAN MAKAN PADA IBU BALITA GIZI KURANG

The nutritional status of children under five is a reflection of the nutritional status of the community, nutritional problems arise if the intake of nutrients consumed with nutritional needs is not appropriate. Malnutrition status in toddlers has a negative impact on growth disorders and causes low cognitive abilities and Intelligence Quotient values. Supportive educative system is a method of education or providing education using various methods such as teaching, guiding, and providing environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze the knowledge and practice of feeding underweight mothers before and after being given a supportive educative system intervention based on self care integration. The type of research used is a quasi-experimental research design with one group pretest posttest design. The population in this study were all underweight children under five years of age in the working area of ​​the Magepanda Health Center as many as 36 people, the sampling technique in this study was using a non-probability sampling technique by means of saturated sampling. The instrument for measuring feeding practices was measured using a modified questionnaire from the Child Feeding Questionnaire. Data collection includes pretest, intervention and posttest. Wilcoxon test results show that before and after being given the intervention Supportive Educative System Based on Integration of Self Care and Family Centered Nursing gives a price (p-value 0.000 less than = 0.05), then Ho is rejected. Ha is accepted. This shows that there is a significant effect caused by the intervention of the Supportive Educative System Based on Integration of Self Care and Family Centered Nursing.

Maternal Factors as Determinants of Stunting in Children under the Age of Five: Scoping Review

Background: Chronic malnutrition during a child's early years leads to stunting, a condition that can harm both their mental and physical development. Studies have indicated a correlation between parenting styles and stunted growth in children that the nutritional knowledge and practices of mothers significantly affect the dietary habits of toddlers. The perspectives and cultural convictions of mothers are significant but have received limited attention as factors that influence the nutritional well-being of children and adolescents. Aims: This review examined maternal factors as determinants of stunting in children under five. Methods: Three databases were used to search for literature, namely PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The key to the search is as follows: “maternal” or “mothers” and “factor” and “stunting” or “stunted” or “growth disorder” and “toddler” or “children under five.” The material displayed in search engines is selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: This review was done on nine articles that were screened and analyzed out of 1,450 articles. The articles come from Nepal, India, Indonesia, Ghana, Congo, Uganda, Lebanon, and the Central African Republic. The type of research articles was cross-sectional and case-control. Conclusion: This review has provided an overview of maternal factors contributing to the prevalence of stunting. These factors include maternal employment, the educational status of mothers, maternal body mass index, the diversity of the mother-child diet, maternal exposure to mass media, and maternal age.

The roles of TAF1 in neuroscience and beyond.

The transcriptional machinery is essential for gene expression and regulation; dysregulation of transcription can result in a range of pathologies, including neurodegeneration, cancer, developmental disorders and cardiovascular disease. A key component of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription is the basal transcription factor IID, which is formed of the TATA box-binding protein (TBP) and 14 TBP-associated factors (TAFs), the largest of which is the TAF1 protein, encoded on the X chromosome (Xq13.1). TAF1 is dysregulated in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism and congenital mutations in the gene are causative for neurodevelopmental phenotypes; TAF1 dysfunction is also associated with cardiac anomalies and cancer. However, how TAF1 contributes to pathology is unclear. Here, we highlight the key aspects of the TAF1 gene and protein function that may link transcriptional regulation with disorders of development, growth and adult-onset disorders of motor impairment. We highlight the need to experimentally investigate the full range of TAF1 messenger RNA variants and protein isoforms in human and mouse to aid our understanding of TAF1 biology. Furthermore, the X-linked nature of TAF1-related diseases adds complexity to understanding phenotypes. Overall, we shed light on the aspects of TAF1 biology that may contribute to disease and areas that could be addressed for future research and targeted therapeutics.

Maternal risk factors for stunting in children aged 24-59 months

Stunting is a problem of growth and development disorders in children which is related to nutritional problems in the world. In 2022, 21.6% of children aged under five years in Indonesia were stunted. Several factors influence stunting, including environmental (social), household factors, maternal and child factors. The aim of this study was to determine maternal risk factors for stunting in children aged 24 to 59 months. This research, with a case control study design, involved 191 participants (91 stunted children and 100 non-stunting children). The results found that maternal factors associated with stunting in children aged 24-59 months included maternal height (P<0.005, OR 2.025), birth spacing (P<0.005, OR 1.912), gestational age (P<0.005, OR 2.622), history of illness during pregnancy (P<0.005, OR 2.453), and consumption of iron tablets during pregnancy (P<0.001, OR 7.600). In the multivariate analysis, consumption of iron tablets and maternal height were the factors identified as being most related to the incidence of stunting in children aged 24-59 months.

Induction of Labour: What to Consider

Induction of Labour (IOL) is a method of artificially providing stimulus to the uterus to start the process of labour.1 It utilises iatrogenic therapies such as a synthetic oxytocin, cervical ripening medications, in conjunction with the artificial rupture of membranes, to imitate the physiology of labour and childbirth.2 The indication for IOL is dependent on the clinical need to optimise maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes, juxtaposed with the potential adverse effects of the IOL process. Indications include uterine, placental and fetal growth disorders, hypertensive conditions and diabetes.3 For example, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommend IOL between 37 and 38 plus six weeks for pregnant populations who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, to prevent stillbirth and associated complications.4 The absolute effectiveness of IOL intervention in preserving maternal and fetal health is evident5 however, the World Health Organization (WHO) endorses the consideration of choice of IOL method.6

Bone age estimation with HS-optimized Resnet and Yolo for child growth disorder

Bone Age Assessment (BAA) plays a significant part in assessing skeletal maturity for preventing different types of skeletal disorders in the human body. Predicting BAA helps clinicians make decisions about the patient’s biological maturity. An increase or decrease in bone age (BA) causes serious issues for pediatricians who need advanced equipment for BA consistency with the chronological age. Recent techniques fail to accurately estimate the region over interest (ROI) of hand-wrist images to predict BA under low time complexity accurately. Hence, this article brings novel deep learning (DL) techniques to assess the BA to overcome child growth disorders accurately. The proposed methodology undergoes three major stages: pre-processing, ROI detection, and BA detection. In the pre-processing stage, contrast-limited fuzzy adaptive histogram equalization (CLFAHE) is done to maintain the originality of the hand image. The size of the image is also increased by using data augmentation. After pre-processing, the required hand bone region with ROI detection approaches you only live once version 3 (YOLOv3). At the final stage, the BA is predicted using the residual network-152 (ResNet152) technique. Finally, the weight updation takes place in the ResNet152 model using harmony search (HS) optimization techniques. The dataset used in this research is collected from the RSNA bone age dataset. The performance measures such as mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and root mean squared percentage error (RMSPE) are analyzed and compared with other existing measures. In an experimental scenario, the MAE of 2.59, RMSE of 2.97, and RMSPE of 0.35 for the male gender is obtained.

Prediksi Tingkat Stunting Anak di Kabupaten Langkat Menggunakan Metode Regresi Linear Berganda

Stunting is a growth and development disorder in children caused by chronic malnutrition over a long period of time, especially in the first 1,000 days of life, namely from pregnancy to the first 2 years of life. There are more than 149 million (22%) toddlers worldwide who are stunted, of which 6.3 million are Indonesian toddlers. Based on data from the Ministry of Health, the stunting rate in Indonesia in 2023 was recorded at 21.5 percent, only down 0.1 percent from the previous year which amounted to 21.6 percent. Predicting the number of stunted toddlers is very important and necessary to know the stunting rate in Langkat Regency in 2024, and the prediction results can help health workers in handling and preventing the spread of stunting. The method applied to this prediction system is Multiple Linear Regression where this analysis determines whether each independent variable is positively or negatively related, the direction of the relationship between variables, and estimates the value of the dependent variable will increase or decrease. The prediction system is carried out using the RapidMiner application because this application is very appropriate to produce information output in the form of prediction results for the coming year. The prediction results obtained are an increase and decrease in 2024 in each sub-district and there are sub-districts that do not experience an increase and decrease. The sub-district with the highest number was Secanggang with approximately 177 people, and the sub-district with the lowest number of stunted children was West Berandan with approximately 55 people. Then Stabat sub-district became the sub-district that experienced the most increase in the number of stunting, which was around 15 people, and the sub-district that experienced the most decrease was Kuala sub-district with a total of approximately 23 people. From the overall results it can be calculated that the number of stunting in all districts in Langkat Regency amounted to approximately 2453 people in 2024. And testing the error rate of prediction results using RMSE in the RapidMiner application of 7.63%, where the level of accuracy in the prediction of child stunting in Langkat Regency is 92.46%.

Hubungan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Di Desa Payaman Kecamatan Mejobo Kabupaten Kudus

Stunting is a child's growth disorder due to chronic malnutrition and recurrent infections, which characterized by a z-score value of less than -2.00 SD. Data on stunting toddlers in Payaman Village as of April 2023 are 18 cases. Stunting can be prevented through exclusive breastfeeding, where breast milk has higher levels of calcium and can be absorbed by the body well so that toddlers can avoid the risk of stunting. The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting among toddlers in Payaman Village, Mejobo District, Kudus Regency. This type of research is quantitative research with a correlation design with cross sectional approach. Sampling technique used is purposive sampling with a total sample of 102 toddlers aged 13 – 59 months. The data collection method was carried out by interviews and observation. Data analysis used the Fisher Exact Test and Odds Ratio tests. Results of this study shows a significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in toddlers with ρ value of 0,049 and OR = 3,267. One of the indirect factors that can influence stunting is the provision of exclusive breastfeeding. It is important to provide exclusive breastfeeding to babies up to the age of six months to maintain health and prevent stunting.

The pathogenic role of retinoid nuclear receptor signaling in cancer and metabolic syndromes.

The retinoid nuclear receptor pathway, activated by the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid, has been extensively investigated for over a century. This study has resulted in conflicting hypotheses about how the pathway regulates health and how it should be pharmaceutically manipulated. These disagreements arise from a fundamental contradiction: retinoid agonists offer clear benefits to select patients with rare bone growth disorders, acute promyelocytic leukemia, and some dermatologic diseases, yet therapeutic retinoid pathway activation frequently causes more harm than good, both through acute metabolic dysregulation and a delayed cancer-promoting effect. In this review, we discuss controlled clinical, mechanistic, and genetic data to suggest several disease settings where inhibition of the retinoid pathway may be a compelling therapeutic strategy, such as solid cancers or metabolic syndromes, and also caution against continued testing of retinoid agonists in cancer patients. Considerable evidence suggests a central role for retinoid regulation of immunity and metabolism, with therapeutic opportunities to antagonize retinoid signaling proposed in cancer, diabetes, and obesity.

PENYULUHAN MASALAH STUNTING TERKAIT PENCEGAHAN MASALAH DAN MASA DEPAN INDONESIA

Stunting is a growth disorder in children caused by repeated infections and malnutrition. This is indicated by the child's height being less than the age standard. The stunting rate in Indonesia is still quite high. Although there is a decrease from 24.4 percent in 2021 to 21.6 percent in 2022, this figure is still far from the target of 14% in 2024. Long-term malnutrition which can start during pregnancy is the main cause of stunting. Therefore, it is very important to consider the nutritional intake of pregnant and breastfeeding mothers, and provide appropriate complementary foods for breast milk. To prevent stunting, pregnant women must get better nutrition, get the right complementary foods for breast milk, and encourage eating healthy foods. The Indonesian government, in collaboration with international organizations such as UNICEF, has taken various steps to address this problem. The method used in this community service activity consists of several stages, namely the preparation stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. This activity was carried out at Posyandu Sejahtera Pondok Kelapa Duren Sawit, East Jakarta. The results of the counseling showed that as a result of the implementation of community service, 90% of theparticipants were able to explain stunting prevention.

The The effectiveness of family-centered maternity care education on attitudes and behaviours of pregnant women

Stunting is a state of failure to grow experienced by children under five due to chronic malnutrition, especially in the first 1,000 days of life (HPK). The impact caused by stunting can vary, including physical growth disorders, body metabolic disorders, brain growth and development disorders. In addition, stunting is also at a higher risk of suffering from chronic diseases in adulthood. This study aims to analyze the influence of Family Centered Maternity Care education on the attitude and behavior of pregnant women in stunting prevention. This quantitative research uses a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. Sampling for this study uses a purposive sampling technique. The sample of this study is 38 people who have met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The instrument used was in the form of a questionnaire for measuring attitudes and behaviors that were tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using Wilcoxon Test. The results of the study showed that there was an influence of Family Centered Maternity Care education on the attitude and behavior of pregnant women in stunting prevention in the Kebumen area. Family Centered Maternity Care education has been proven to increase the knowledge of pregnant women which ultimately changes the attitude and behavior of pregnant women in stunting prevention. The application of Family Centered Maternity Care education should be considered as a health education method in providing continuous midwifery care as an effort to reduce stunting rates.

Health Literacy in the Short Film Stunting “Konsumsi Bergizi Bikin Glowing”

Indonesia is a developing country with a low health index, one of which is indicated by the high prevalence of stunting. Stunting is a growth disorder in children due to chronic malnutrition that has an impact on long-term physical and cognitive health. This study aims to explore the messages in the short film "Nutritious Consumption Makes You Glowing" produced by the DIY Health Service in improving adolescent health literacy related to preventing stunting through the consumption of nutritious food and blood-boosting supplements. Using a qualitative approach, this study analyzed the content of the film and relevant literature. The results showed that this film succeeded in conveying health literacy effectively through direct socialization carried out by Bu Bidan. Messages about the importance of balanced nutrition and blood supplementation are conveyed in a way that is easy for adolescents to understand and accept. Scenes in the film depict changes in healthy lifestyles that are starting to be adopted by adolescents, showing that education through audiovisual media can influence people's nutritional behavior and awareness. Thus, this short film is an effective educational tool in improving health literacy and preventing stunting among adolescents.

Ultrasonic Estimation of Fetal Weight: Are Averaged Triplicate Measurements More Accurate Than Single Measurements?

To assess whether, and to what extent, performing triplicate measurements can improve accuracy of estimation of fetal weight (EFW) compared to single measurements. This was a prospective study conducted at a single medical center. A total of 100 term parturients with an anticipated delivery within 72 hours were recruited for EFW measurements. All examinations were done with adherence to the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) guidelines. EFW was calculated using the Hadlock formula. Triplicate measurements from three different images were obtained for each parameter and the averaged values were used for clinical purposes. EFW calculated using average measurements was compared to EFW calculated using the first measurements. There was a small but significant improvement in EFW when using averaged measurements compared to single measurements (mean improvement 34 ± 105 g, P = .002). Deviance from birthweight in single measurements was significantly higher compared to averaged measurements (median deviance 198 versus 148 g, respectively, P = .005). This difference was more pronounced when assessing the 75th centile (348 versus 282 g, respectively). Using triplicate measurements instead of single measurements when performing EFW confers a small, but statistically significant, improvement to EFW accuracy. Using triplicate measurements for assessing EFW should be thus considered, especially in cases suspected of growth disorders.

Cystatin C as a Marker of Kidney Function in Children.

This review examines the reliability of cystatin C as a biomarker for kidney function in paediatric populations. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a significant number of children globally, leading to severe health complications such as anaemia, hypertension, and growth disorders. Traditionally, kidney function has been assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate derived from serum creatinine, though this method is flawed due to variability in muscle mass, age, gender, and diet. Cystatin C offers an alternative as it is less influenced by these factors. Evidence from various studies indicates that cystatin C provides a more accurate assessment of kidney function, especially in neonates and children with urinary tract malformations. Additionally, it is more reliable in early detection of acute kidney injury in paediatric intensive care units. Despite its potential, cystatin C is not yet widely adopted in clinical guidelines, primarily due to a lack of large-scale paediatric studies. Nonetheless, existing research supports its utility in providing a consistent and precise measure of kidney function across different paediatric age groups, suggesting that it could enhance early diagnosis and management of CKD in children if more extensive validation studies are conducted.

Fractures around the knee in children : Epiphysiolysis and physeal fractures of the distal femur and proximal tibia

Epiphysiolysis and epiphyseal fractures of the distal femur and proximal tibia are an extremely rare entity, but due to their far-reaching consequences with associated functional restrictions of the knee joint, they must be recognized and treated thoroughly. Complete and correct diagnosis is essential and, diagnostically speaking and in addition to standard x‑rays in two planes, the threshold for cross-sectional imaging examination techniques should be low. Aconservative treatment attempt is possible for undisplaced fractures, but surgical retention and stabilization using wires and screws is usually indicated. Growth disorders often and inevitably occur after such injuries. Clinical monitoring of complications only ends once growth is complete.

Deep learning-based automated bone age estimation for Saudi patients on hand radiograph images: a retrospective study

PurposeIn pediatric medicine, precise estimation of bone age is essential for skeletal maturity evaluation, growth disorder diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention planning. Conventional techniques for determining bone age depend on radiologists’ subjective judgments, which may lead to non-negligible differences in the estimated bone age. This study proposes a deep learning-based model utilizing a fully connected convolutional neural network(CNN) to predict bone age from left-hand radiographs.MethodsThe data set used in this study, consisting of 473 patients, was retrospectively retrieved from the PACS (Picture Achieving and Communication System) of a single institution. We developed a fully connected CNN consisting of four convolutional blocks, three fully connected layers, and a single neuron as output. The model was trained and validated on 80% of the data using the mean-squared error as a cost function to minimize the difference between the predicted and reference bone age values through the Adam optimization algorithm. Data augmentation was applied to the training and validation sets yielded in doubling the data samples. The performance of the trained model was evaluated on a test data set (20%) using various metrics including, the mean absolute error (MAE), median absolute error (MedAE), root-mean-squared error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The code of the developed model for predicting the bone age in this study is available publicly on GitHub at https://github.com/afiosman/deep-learning-based-bone-age-estimation.ResultsExperimental results demonstrate the sound capabilities of our model in predicting the bone age on the left-hand radiographs as in the majority of the cases, the predicted bone ages and reference bone ages are nearly close to each other with a calculated MAE of 2.3 [1.9, 2.7; 0.95 confidence level] years, MedAE of 2.1 years, RMAE of 3.0 [1.5, 4.5; 0.95 confidence level] years, and MAPE of 0.29 (29%) on the test data set.ConclusionThese findings highlight the usability of estimating the bone age from left-hand radiographs, helping radiologists to verify their own results considering the margin of error on the model. The performance of our proposed model could be improved with additional refining and validation.