Plant Growth Quality Research Articles

Nitrogen Content Estimation of Apple Leaves Using Hyperspectral Analysis

Leaf nitrogen content (LNC) is an important factor reflecting the growth quality of plants. We estimated the nitrogen content of apple leaves using hyperspectral wavelength analysis using the differential spectrum, differential spectrum transformation, and vegetation spectrum index with different derivative gaps. We then used the characteristic wavelengths extracted via the correlation coefficient method as the input vectors to the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) model for analysis and performed cross-validation to optimize the inversion model parameters. We analyzed the results with different input variables and loss functions and compared the GBDT model with other mainstream algorithm models. The results show that the R2 value of the optimized GBDT inversion model is higher than that obtained using the random forest (RF) and support vector regression (SVR) models. Thus, the GBDT model is accurate, and the characteristic wavelength analysis is helpful for the tasks of real-time monitoring and detection of apple tree health.

방위에 따른 벽면녹화식물의 생육 비교†

Green areas and the area of available horizontal surfaces are gradually decreasing due to the overcrowding of buildings. It is adversely affecting the urban climate and ecosystem. However, the recognition of the importance of green areas is gradually increasing. As a result, the importance of wall greening using vertical surfaces is growing. However, despite the fact that domestic wall greening guidelines and institutions related to orientations restrict planting. there was no study to determine whether there were actual differences in plant growth due to orientations. Therefore, this study compared and analyzed the plant growth characteristics by orientations to apply actual wall greening to cities. The experiment was conducted from May to September 2020. First of all, three octave walls were constructed to measure the temperature, the illumination, and the length of the plants once a week. The plants included Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Hedera rhombea, and Euonymus radicans cv. Aueonmarinata Rehd plants. As a result of the study, <italic>Parthenocissus tricuspidata</italic> was prolific in the north, and <italic>Hedera rhombea</italic>, and <italic>Euonymus radicans cv. Aueonmarinata Rehd</italic> plants were prolific in the south. All three types of plants were prolific in June-July, and the <italic>Parthenocissus tricuspidata</italic> was prolific in grass-growing, and in August, all the walls were 100% covered. <italic>Hedera rhombea</italic> had the lowest rate of herbaceous growth, and the vertical coverate was also lower at an average of 45%, but among the three plants, the sheath of the horizontal surface coverate was the highest. <italic>Euonymus radicans cv. Aueonmarinata Rehd</italic> was low in the speed of herbaceous growth, and finally, the walls were 100% covered except for the north and northwest directions. It was found that not all plants used for wall greening show the same growth, and the difference in growth varies more depending on plants than the effect of orientations. Therefore, it is better to identify the characteristics of plant growth and plant suitable plants for each directions.

Amelioration Effects against Salinity Stress in Strawberry by Bentonite–Zeolite Mixture, Glycine Betaine, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Terms of Plant Growth, Nutrient Content, Soil Properties, Yield, and Fruit Quality Characteristics

Strawberry, the most significant berry crop, is characterized as a salt-sensitive plant. The present study aimed to examine ways to alleviate salinity symptoms (34 mM of NaCl in irrigation water) in strawberry plants. For this purpose, the osmolyte glycine betaine was foliarly applied, a mixture of bentonite–zeolite was added to the substrate, and a microbial product based on Bacillys amyloliquefaciens as a soil drench were tested in terms of plant growth and nutrient status, yield, fruit physiological and organoleptic characteristics, as well as phytochemical properties (phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, organic acids, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity), and soil physicochemical properties. Salinity severely reduced plant growth and yield, while the effects on fruit quality were also distinct. Treatments alleviated to some extent these negative effects. Plant nutrient content was not severely affected by product application, and neither were most of the soil physicochemical properties. Among the products applied, the mixture of bentonite plus zeolite and glycine betaine proved to be more efficient in ameliorating toxicity symptoms, as both treatments preserved plant hydric status and plant growth, while glycine betaine resulted in an almost 30% higher yield than the treatment with saline water.

Performance and reaction of faba bean genotypes to chocolate spot disease

BackgroundThis study aimed to development new faba bean hybrids resistant to chocolate spot disease and using them in breeding programs. Six faba bean genotypes were crossed in a diallel system excluding reciprocals during three growing seasons of 2017/18, 2018/19 and 2019/20 growing seasons.ResultsResults scored high variability among genotypes (parents and their crosses) in most studied characters. All characters were affected by inbreeding and most crosses recorded high significant in all characters especially the positive significance of resistance to chocolate spot disease (gain) was 5 for all studied resistance characters.ConclusionsAll studied plant growth and yield characters were affected negatively by chocolate spot disease. Moreover, it can be concluded that the commercial cost of producing hybrid seed can be reduced by growing F1 or directly.

Using Statistical Modeling for Assessing Lettuce Crops Contaminated with Zn, Correlating Plants Growth Characteristics with the Soil Contamination Levels

The aim of the study was to identify new mathematical models and strategies that can characterize the behavior of pollutants accumulating in the soil over time, considering the special characteristics of these chemicals that cannot be degraded or destroyed easily. The paper proposes a statistical model for assessing the accumulation of Zn in the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), based on three indicators that characterize the development of lettuce plants over time. The experimental data can be used to obtain interpolated variations of the mass increase functions and to determine several functions that express the time dependence of heavy metal accumulation in the plant. The resulting interpolation functions have multiple applications, being useful in generating predictions for plant growth parameters when they are grown in contaminated environments, determining whether pollutant concentrations may be hazardous for human health, and may be used to verify and validate dynamic mathematical contamination models.

Rice Plant Growth Characteristics According to Different Seed Germination Length and Damage

Rice Plant Growth Characteristics According to Different Seed Germination Length and Damage

Change in growth and biochemical characteristics and nutrient uptake of sage medicinal plant in response to different levels of nitrogen

To study the effect of different levels of nitrogen (0, 70, 140, and 210 mg/L) on growth, some biochemical characteristics and nutrient uptake (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium( of sage under hydroponic conditions, a greenhouse experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse research of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2019. The mean comparison results showed that, with increasing nitrogen levels, the plant's growth characteristics increased which 210 mg/L N level compared with no N application caused to decrease by 54.19%, 72.59%. 39.49%, 82.52%, 51.42%, 72.20%, 71.46%, 95.17%, 90.31%, 95.82%, 92.30%, and 83.46% of stem diameter, number of branches, number of nodes, number of leaves, intermediate length, leaf length, leaf width, stem fresh and dry weight, fresh and dry weight of aerial parts and the ratio of the dry weight of aerial part to dry weight of root, respectively. Application of 210 mg/L nitrogen increased the RWC, proline, and essential oil content by 9.57%, 266.6%, and 14.87%, respectively, and decreased 30.45% and 51.51% electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde compared with the nitrogen omission. Also, at the lowest N level N, P, and K content were decreased by 56.89%, 85.13%, and 32.65%, respectively compared with the highest N level. This experiment showed that different N levels can result in different effects on the growth and essential oil content of sage. In this study, the results have shown that the application of 210 mg/L N had the greatest effect on improving the studied traits in sage and its use could be recommended.

Augmentation of Plant Growth Attributes, Soil Physico-Chemical Properties and Microbial Population in Custard Apple cv. Balanagar in Response to Azospirillum brasilense and Vermicompost Application in Humid Zone of South Eastern Rajasthan, India

ABSTRACT Field experiments were conducted for two successive seasons July 2018 to November 2018 and July 2019 to November 2019 at the Fruit Instructional Farm, Department of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar district under Rajasthan state of India. The experiment consisted of different treatments of Azospirillum brasilense (AZS) and Vermicompost (V.C.). It was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The 16 different treatment combinations of AZS and Vermicompost were applied to soil canopy of custard apple cv. Balanagar plants during first week of July 2018 and July 2019 in canopy rhizosphere of black vertisols in custard apple plants. Among different treatment combinations, T10 treatment consisting of AZS @ 50 g + V.C. @10 kg/plant was found relatively better over all other treatments with respect to most of the plant growth characteristics, including soil health properties and microbial population density in soil availability in canopy of custard apple cv. Balanagar plants. The pooled results of two years revealed comparative better plant growth parameters viz. rootstock girth (74.20 mm), scion girth (61.52 mm), plant height attribute (3.46 m), number of nodes per shoot (13.00), number of nodes per branch (86.17), number of shoots per branch (26.00), number of shoots per plant (151.00) have shown augmenting response in improvement of plant growth parameters under T10 treatment (AZS @ 50 g + V.C. @ 10 kg /plant) in custard apple cv. Balanagar plants. However, key soil parameters concerning bulk density (1.32 g/cm3), soil pH (7.39), and electrical conductivity (0.46 dS m−1) reduced significantly under T10 treatment over other treatments. The soil physico-chemical properties especially change in porosity (55.04%), organic carbon (0.55%), available nitrogen content (350.55 kg/ha), available phosphorous content (46.51 kg ha−1) and available potassium content (322.34 kg ha−1), bacterial population (26.67 cfu g−1), fungi population (15.00 cfu g−1) and actinomycetes population (10.00 cfu g−1) have shown tremendous response in improvement of soil parameters under T10 treatment (AZS @ 50 g + V.C. @ 10 kg /plant) with respect to overall soil health.

Performance of Grafted and Non-Grafted Cantaloupe Plants Undergo Different Fertilization Rates of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium

pagation of cucurbits via grafted seedlings exhibits an increasing trend in vegetable cultivation in Egypt. This is due to the limited cultivated area, intensive cultivation, and increasing stress leading to problems that negatively affect production. While the investigations for determining the accurate fertilization amount of the grafted plants are still scarce. Therefore, this experiment was conducted in a private farm located in Badr city, El-Behera governorate, Egypt, to evaluate the performance of non-grafted (control) and grafted cantaloupe plants (Cucumis melo var. cantaloupenses, cv. Marella F1 hybrid) onto four rootstock cultivars (Cobalt, Ferro, Star, and 6001) then fertilized with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) at rates of 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140% of these nutrients recommendations for cantaloupe fertilization during the two successive growing seasons of 2018 and 2019. The results indicated that grafting cantaloupe plants onto the tested rootstocks had promoted a higher vegetative growth manifested as plant length, leaves number, shoot fresh and dry weight, stem diameter, and root dry weight, as well as raising leaves content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and the greenness index (chlorophyll readings, SPAD) along with boosting the average fruit weight, and early and total yield than the control when all were fertilized by any of the applied fertilization rates. Worthy, rootstocks of Cobalt and Ferro provided the greatest superiority in all investigated growth and fruit yield characteristics of the cantaloupe plant through fertilizing by the 140% NPK fertilization rate.

Synergistic effect of growth-promoting microorganisms on bio-control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi, growth, yield, physiological and anatomical characteristics of pea plants

Fusarium root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum is an aggressive disease-causing damping-off, root rot, and vascular wilt in all peas growing fields. The disease can cause 100% yield losses under favorable conditions. The present study aims to control Fusarium root rot using Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, singly or in combinations. The results showed that all treatments significantly enhanced not only the plant growth, total phenol, activities of antioxidant enzymes, but also, the yield and seed quality. Several changes in the anatomical, physiological, and characteristics of the treated plants were also recorded. Compared to the untreated control treatment, under greenhouse conditions, the maximum reduction of the disease severity (80%) was achieved by the synergistic triple treatment consists of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma harzianum, and Pseudomonas fluorescens, as they gave the best growth and yield parameters. The same combination showed the highest activity of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase (57.1%), as well as the highest total phenol content (117.7%), over the control. The synergistic triple increased the contents of protein (64.6%), total soluble sugars (48.5%), and total carbohydrate (24.8%) in seeds of pea compared with the control. The synergistic triple treatment led to an increase in the thickness of the root section (25%), the thickness of the cortex (24.8%), the thickness of the vascular cylinder (31.5%), and the diameter of the xylem vessels (81.5%) of the root. Based on their efficiency and eco-safety, this synergistic triple might be very effective for controlling root rot disease of pea caused by F. oxysporum, as well as improve the growth, yield, and seed quality.

Silicon application and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria consisting of six pure Bacillus species alleviate salinity stress in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L)

As water quality and availability decreases in many parts of the world, salinity is becoming a major challenge that reduces crop yield, even in soilless cultivation systems. Therefore, novel strategies are needed to promote plant salt tolerance in these systems. We hypothesized that the non-essential element silicon (Si) and plant-growth promoting Bacillus spp. can alleviate salt stress of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown in hydroponics. We tested this hypothesis by growing cucumber seedlings with and without salt stress (75 mM NaCl) and with and without 1.5 mM Si and an inoculum of six rhizosphere Bacillus species in a full-factorial design. Seedlings were grown in a climate room for two weeks in independent deep-water culture containers. The applied salt stress strongly reduced plant biomass, whereas Si application under salt stress resulted in a substantial increase in cucumber shoot and root biomass. This beneficial impact of Si was also observed in increased plant height, leaf area, specific leaf area, root length, specific root length, root surface area and root volume. The Bacillus species increased root dry weight, specific leaf area as well as specific root length. In seedlings grown under salt stress, Si application increased shoot and root Si concentration, whereas Cl− concentration was reduced in the plant shoots. A reduction in Cl− concentration of the shoots was also apparent in the Bacillus treatment. Under non-stress conditions, neither Si nor Bacillus species affected plant growth parameters. However, shoot mineral content was affected as Si application reduced shoot Cl−and Ca2+ concentrations, and inoculation with Bacillus species decreased K concentration. We conclude that Si does promote salt stress alleviation during the early growth stage of cucumber grown in deep water culture and this has implications for soilless crop production. Seed inoculation with Bacillus species showed a beneficial trend for some plant growth characteristics and nutrient status under high salinity, although not as pronounced as for Si.

Adventitious roots support population expansion of the invasive plant Mikania micrantha Kunth.

Mikania micrantha Kunth is a serious invasive alien plant characterized by the formation of an adventitious root system in its prostrate growth form. Unlike the initial roots from seed germination, adventitious roots gradually appear above the stem and branch nodes. Little is known about adventitious roots play on plant growth and population expansion of M. micrantha. We hypothesized that adventitious roots provide an advantage for plant growth and nutrient availability. To test this hypothesis, plant growth, physiology, and nutrition characteristics of M. micrantha were measured under four soil surface conditions allowing various plant parts to touch the soil to stimulate variable adventitious root formation. The results showed that the biomass, stem length, branch number, and adventitious root biomass of M. micrantha were significantly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing nodes bearing adventitious roots. As the number of nodes with adventitious roots increased, the net photosynthetic rate, antioxidant enzyme activities like superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and malondialdehyde, chlorophyll content, and plant nutrient contents (N, P, and K) of M. micrantha were increased (P < 0.05), with higher values in main stem leaves than in those of branch leaves. The concentrations of soil organic matter, total N, total P, total K, available N, available P, and available K were greater (P < 0.05) in initial soil (CK) than in treatment soil (with M. micrantha) and were significantly reduced by adventitious roots. Our study was the first to show that plant growth, physiology and nutrition status of M. micrantha were strongly promoted by adventitious roots in the prostrate growth form.

The Effects of Various Doses of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Seed Cake against Aphis gossypii (Glover) and Growth Characters of Red Chili Plants (Capsicum annuum L.)

Neem plant is used as plant-based insecticide because all parts of the plant have insecticides activities. The utilization of neem plants as plant-based insecticides is generally only in the seed parts, but the extraction of neem seed extract has not been used because it is considered as waste. The utilization of neem seed cake as a natural insectiside is one way to recycle neem seed cake which is known to contain active ingredients of neem seed oil. Apart from its use as an insecticide, neem seed cake can also be used as an organic fertilizer. This study aimed to determine the effect of application of various doses of neem seed cake to A. gossypii on chili plants. The experiment used a randomized block design with 7 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments included control, neem seed cake doses of 25 gr, 50 gr, 75 gr, 100 gr, 125 gr, and a comparative treatment of carbofuran active ingredients. A. gossypii imago were introduced in 20 red chili plants per plant. The results showed the application of a dose of 50 gr of neem seed cake per polybag effectively suppressed A. gossypii populations and gave the best effect on some chili plant growth characters such as leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, leaf hardness of chili plant and levels of N element absorbed.

Effects of Rhizobium Inoculation on the Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Pea Plants

Effects of Rhizobium Inoculation on the Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Pea Plants

Plant Growth and Morphological Characters of Sonchus arvensis L. from Different Chicken Manure Rates and Harvest Intervals with Ratooning Practices

Sonchus arvensis L., commonly known as perennial sow thistle, field milk thistle, among other names, is a weedy species that has medicinal values. Belongs to the Daisy family (Asteraceae), S. arvensis has a rosette form and it can be harvested more than once. The determination of harvest interval for ratoon of S. arvensis is necessary because ratooning can save time to produce the consecutive plant biomass, but the second harvest must be conducted at the correct time as it will determine the quantity and quality of leaves. As source of herbal medicine, cultivation of S. arvensis with organic fertilizer is preferred, and determination of organic fertilizer rates is also important for ratooning. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the plant growth response and yield with different chicken manure rates and different harvest intervals. The field experiment was conducted at IPB experimental station in Cikarawang, Darmaga Bogor, Indonesia. The study used a randomized complete block design with different manure rates (0, 7, 14, 21 ton.ha-1) and various harvest intervals (6, 8, and 10 weeks after the first harvest) as treatments. The results showed that for the first harvest, the effect of chicken manure rates was linear almost on all variables. For the ratoon (second harvest), manure rate of 14 ton.ha-1 (for first harvest) added with 4 ton.ha-1 (after first harvest) was enough for leaf production. The results indicate that ratoon should be harvested at 10 weeks after the first harvest to obtain the highest yield. The interaction between manure rates and harvest interval was not significant for growth variables of the second harvest.

EFFECT OF NPK, HUMIC ACID AND DRY YEAST ON GROWTH, OIL YIELD AND CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF SWEET BASIL (Ocimum basilicum L.)

The present work was carried out during 2019 and 2020 seasons at the Experimental Lathe-house, Fac. Tech.& Develop., Zagazig Univ., to evaluate to what extent can use humic acid and/ or active dry yeast applications instead of/ or compensate the NPK chemical fertilization for enhancing vegetative growth, herb yield and essential oil yield. The obtained results can be summarized as follows: The treatments of 2.5 g NPK/ pot, 2.5 g/ L Humic acid +8.0 g/ L dry yeast extract, and the interaction of the treatment of 2.5 g NPK/ pot, with 2.5 g/ L humic acid + 8.0 g/ L dry yeast extract, being the most effective on vegetative growth, oil yield and the chemical constituents of volatile oils of sweet basil plants, followed by the treatments of 2.5 g NPK/ pot , with 12 g/ L dry yeast extract , and 2.5 g NPK/ pot , with 5 g/ L Humic acid , respectively, in most cases , in the two times of cutting of this study. Conclusively, from this study and the obtained results, it can be concluded that the medium level of NPK at 2.5 g / pot, 2.5 g/l Humic acid + 8.0 g/l dry yeast, and its interaction were recorded the highest values on plant growth characters, chemical contents, pigments, oil yield, and chemical constituents of volatile oils. As well as, the suitable rate of humic acid and dry yeast extract can compensate the high level of NPK doses.

Biochar, compost and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: a tripartite approach to combat Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean

Sclerotinia stem rot, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a major disease in soybean in many parts of the world. Sustainable control measures to combat this pathogen can be better achieved by combining different available tools. One element to control fungal diseases could be changing biological activities by adding organic matter inputs, such as biochar and compost, to the soil. Other players are arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF); bioprotective effects have already been documented for them. In the present study, we assessed the effect of organic matter inputs, such as compost alone at the application rate of 20% of the total substrate (v/v) and/or green waste biochar at the application rate of 3% (v/v) in combination with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and their effect on plant growth characteristics in soybean. Substrates including compost resulted in a lower disease severity in both, plants inoculated and non-inoculated with AMF. The AMF root colonization was highest in plants grown in the control treatment and green waste biochar substrate inoculated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; the lowest colonization was found in plants grown in substrates containing compost. Soil substrates, especially compost, affected shoot dry matter production in soybean plants inoculated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and in non-inoculated plants; compost alone was superior in treatments with and without AMF. Root morphological traits were more strongly influenced by AMF than by the substrate. Our findings suggest that compost has a positive effect in terms of soybean growth and diseases suppression, which is more pronounced than that of biochar and AMF.

Importance of chemical sources in salt-induced salinity on plant growth characteristics in pepper

Importance of chemical sources in salt-induced salinity on plant growth characteristics in pepper

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in promoting sustainable agriculture

Rapid human population growth and its consequences of food shortage become a significant concern in recent decades across the world. The untold reasons behind this food shortage were industrialization, urbanization, modern civilization, etc., where the agricultural land has been deployed. With the decreasing farmland and its cultivation, food productivity declined drastically and failed to serve the world's vast human population. The present challenge is to increase productivity with the least agricultural land. Thus, excessive chemical fertilizer has been used to quickly turn out more outstanding food production, leading to more significant damages to soil ecosystem and human health. Henceforth, bio-fertilizers find the best alternatives to chemical fertilizers. This study focuses on complete nature of plant growth Promoting rhizobacteria, which is used in bio fertilizers for sustainable agricultural productivity and everlasting soil fertility. The characteristics of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and its role in plant growth and formulation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria biofertilizers have been revealed through intensive literature. The consortium information collected from various literatures brings the unique findings that plant growth promoting rhizobacteria is the natural boon to the global agriculturist. This study discusses plant growth promoting rhizobacteria bacterial strains' role in protecting the soil from various biotic and abiotic stresses, regulating plant growth and its role in producing biofertilizers. Besides, it is transformed into commercial products. Eventually, the future trends and research in plant growth promoting rhizobacteria bio inoculants that promote sustainable agriculture have been elucidated. The microorganism is the bio fertilizer's main ingredients, promoting the soil nutrients for efficient plant growth and increasing food productivity. Although many microorganisms efficiently contribute to the soil nutrients, this review narrows down to the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria study. Beneficial bacterium plays a vital role in nutrient mineralization and productivity among the various microorganisms. Bio fertilizers containing beneficial bacteria were economically viable and readily available in nature. This review reveals the complete essence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and its part in bio fertilizers.

THE USE OF AZOTOBACTER AND AZOSPIRILLUM AS A CATALYST FOR COEXISTENCE OF ZUCCHINI SQUASH WITH SALINITY

Chroococcum and A. brasilense bacteria were isolated and identified from the root and the surrounding area of Arundo donax andCladium marisas plants growing in different areas in Ramadi city in order to be used in pollinating the seeds of zucchini squash plant. A pot experiment was carried out in the spring season on 16 ⁄ 3 ⁄ 2019 in one of the fields of the College of Agriculture - University of Anbar, by following the design of complete randomized sectors RCBD. It included two factors of salinity of irrigation water and four levels of S0, S1, S2 and S3 (1.3, 3, 5 and 7 dSm-1) and the factor of adding the bacterial isolates of Azotobacter L1 and Azospirillum L2 and their two mixtures L3, and without adding the L0 inoculum in order to study the effect of bacterial pollination on some growth characteristics of squash plants irrigated with different salinity water levels. The results showed a decrease in plant height, number of leaves and dry weight of the shoots from 53.48 cm, 33.00 leaf-1, 25.97 gm-1 at the S0 level, to 26.95 cm, 14.08 g-leaf-1, and 12.41 g-leaf-1 at the S3 level. The treatment of the two isolates mixture L3 achieved a significant increase in plant height, number of leaves and dry weight, and it was 55.53 cm, 44.00 leaf-1 and 28.33 g-leaf-1 compared with the comparison treatment at the S0 level. The salinity of irrigation water caused an increase in the nitrogen concentration in the vegetative parts of the plant from 1.77% to 2.07%, and caused a decrease in the concentration of phosphorus and potassium from 0.63 and 2.37% to 0.21 and 0.56%. The concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium significantly increased in the vegetative parts of the plant when the bacterial inoculation treatments were obtained, and the treatment L3 recorded the highest values and reached 2.75% N at the level of salinity of S3 and gave the highest value for the concentration of phosphorus and potassium, which were 0.75 and 2.87%, respectively, at the S0 level.