Group Of Rural Workers Research Articles

Estimation of a Logistic Regression Model to Determine the Effects of the Factors Associated with the Likelihood of Skilled Workers in the Garment Sector of Bangladesh

This study attempts to estimate the logistic regression model to find the factors associated with the likelihood of skilled workers in the garment sector of Bangladesh. The study is based on primary data. From the maximum likelihood estimates of the logistic model, it is found that the variables, years of education, years of experience, wage rate, grade, and working years at the present company have significant positive effects on the logit of the outcome variable Y, but the variable age of the companies has a significant negative effect. From the estimated odd ratios, it can be said that the male group is 3.0695 times more likely than the female group to be a skilled worker, which is significant at a 10% level; a group of rural workers is 10.3727 times more likely than the urban group in favour of skilled workers, which is significant at a 15% level; a group of workers have a training program degree is 38.5552 times more likely in favour of skilled workers, than a group of workers who have not, which is statistically significant at any significance level. The estimated results of squared correlation between Y and , pseudo-R2, Mcfadden’s , Maddala’s , and Count-R2 support that the model fits the data very well. Based on the findings, different policies are formulated for the sustainable development of Bangladesh's garment sector.

Comunicación y trabajo agrario

En este artículo presenta una investigación en torno a las prácticas comunicativas públicas desarrolladas por un grupo de trabajadores rurales nucleados en el Sindicato de Tareferos de Misiones, Argentina, que articula comunicación, política y trabajo agrario. El artículo pone en debate la potencialidad de los aportes teóricos de Pierre Bourdieu, en particular las nociones de campo y habitus, para construir el objeto de estudio. Se parte de describir el campo yerbatero en su conjunto para centrarnos en el sub-campo de los trabajadores cosecheros de yerba mate y, en particular, de una organización en la que se centra el análisis de sus prácticas comunicativas.

Factors associated with sexually transmitted infections in sugarcane cutters: subsidies to caring for.

Objective:to estimate the prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and associated factors in sugarcane cutters.Method:a cross-sectional, analytical study with 937 sugarcane cutters from Paraíba and Goiás, states of Brazil, respectively. An outcome variable was the positive results in some rapid tests for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C. Bivariate and multiple analyses were performed to identify the association between these infections and sociodemographic and behavioral variables.Results:all participants were male, most were young adults and had low schooling. Prevalence of STI was estimated at 4.1% (95% CI: 3.0-5.5). According to multiple regression analysis, the variables age over 40 years (OR 5.0; CI 95%: 1.8-14), alcohol consumption (OR 3.9; CI 95%: 1.3-11.9), and illicit drugs (OR 2.9; CI 95%: 1.3-6.3) were factors associated with the STIs investigated. On the other hand, having some religion (OR 0.4; CI 95%: 0.2-0.8), and work in the Midwest Region (OR 0.4; CI 95%: 0.2-0.9) were factors negatively associated with these infections.Conclusion:presence of risk behaviors for STI among sugarcane cutters. Screening for these infections in groups of rural workers is essential for early diagnosis and breaking the chain of transmission.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC PROFILE OF ACTINIC CHEILITIS USING A DIRECT APPROACH IN RURAL WORKERS' ASSOCIATIONS

Objective Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant disease caused by prolonged and cumulative sun exposure mostly affecting lower lip of outdoors workers. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence and risk factors associated with AC in rural workers at Nova Friburgo using a direct approach in their associations. Study Design Forty rural workers were contacted during an educational lecture performed in 5 different associations, answered a validated questionnaire and were examined by calibrated dentists for identification of AC. Results AC was identified in 27 patients (67.5%). There was prevalence of males (73.0%), adults (41 years or older), fair skin Fitzpatrick scale (45.0%). They especially reported to work up for 6 hours a day (35%), at least 5 times a week (80%) during the last 8 years (90%). Photoprotection was described by 89.5% of them, and includes lip balm (5.0%), cap (55%) and hat (30%). Approximately 25% referred smoking and 30% alcohol consumption. Conclusions These preliminary results let us to affirm that these group of rural workers tends to have AC and are characterized by being male, adult, white skinned and used to work for a long time exposed to sun with inadequate lip photoprotection. Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant disease caused by prolonged and cumulative sun exposure mostly affecting lower lip of outdoors workers. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate prevalence and risk factors associated with AC in rural workers at Nova Friburgo using a direct approach in their associations. Forty rural workers were contacted during an educational lecture performed in 5 different associations, answered a validated questionnaire and were examined by calibrated dentists for identification of AC. AC was identified in 27 patients (67.5%). There was prevalence of males (73.0%), adults (41 years or older), fair skin Fitzpatrick scale (45.0%). They especially reported to work up for 6 hours a day (35%), at least 5 times a week (80%) during the last 8 years (90%). Photoprotection was described by 89.5% of them, and includes lip balm (5.0%), cap (55%) and hat (30%). Approximately 25% referred smoking and 30% alcohol consumption. These preliminary results let us to affirm that these group of rural workers tends to have AC and are characterized by being male, adult, white skinned and used to work for a long time exposed to sun with inadequate lip photoprotection.

Laborers becoming ‘peasants’: agroecological politics in a Sumatran plantation zone

ABSTRACT Over the last two decades a group of rural workers on Sumatra's Aren Volcano worked with a self-proclaimed ‘peasant’ union to occupy and rehabilitate a bankrupt industrial ranch and plantation. Women and men worked together to cultivate diverse, economically-valuable agricultural forests on this erstwhile industrial site. In reclaiming a zone of ruined industrial production for small-scale natural agriculture, Aren's laborers transformed themselves into agriculturalists and the land into a smallholder agroforest landscape. I consider how the transformations that unfolded in Aren are agroecological because rural workers harnessed ecological processes to create their smallholder plots, and political because they addressed issues of collective land control, identity, and work. I find the linkage of these two concepts, ecologically-attune smallholder livelihood and social mobilization, to be the source of the durability of this rural workers’ land reclamation.

Epidemiology of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C among manual cane cutters in low-income regions of Brazil

BackgroundIn recent decades the epidemic of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections has extended deep into Brazil, including small towns and rural areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV), and to evaluate immunization coverage against hepatitis B in a group of rural workers in Brazil.MethodsIn 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 937 manual sugarcane cutters of the Midwest and Northeast Regions of Brazil. All individuals were interviewed and screened for HIV, syphilis, HBV and HCV. Correlating factors with lifetime HBV infection were investigated using logistic regression. Positive Predictive Values, Negative Predictive Values, sensitivity and specificity were also calculated relative to vaccination against Hepatitis B, comparing anti-HBs titers to vaccination reports.ResultsMost reported previous hospitalization (55%), occupational injuries (54%), sharing of personal items (45.8%), alcohol consumption (77.2%), multiple sexual partners in previous 12 months (39.8%), and no condom use during sexual intercourse in last 12 months (46.5%). Only 0.2% reported using injection drugs. Anti-HIV-1 was detected in three individuals (0.3%). Serological markers of lifetime syphilis (treponemal test) were detected in 2.5% (95% CI: 1.6–3.6) of participants, and active syphilis (treponemal test and VDRL) present in 1.2%. No samples were positive for anti-HCV. The prevalence of lifetime HBV infection (current or past infection) was 15.9%, and 0.7% (95% CI 0.4 to 1.5) were HBsAg-positive. Previous hospitalization (OR 1.53, CI 1.05–2.24, p < 0.01) and multiple sexual partners in the last 12 months (OR 1.80, CI 1.25–2.60, p < 0.01) were predictors for lifetime HBV infection. Although 46.7% (95% CI 43.4–49.9) of individuals reported having been vaccinated against hepatitis B, only 20.6% (95% CI 18.1–23.3) showed serological evidence of previous hepatitis B vaccination (positive for anti-HBs alone).ConclusionsThe high prevalence of syphilis and HBV compared to the general population and the high frequency of risk behaviors show the potential for sexual and parenteral dissemination of these agents in this rural population. In addition, the low frequency of hepatitis B vaccinated individuals suggests a need for improved vaccination services.

Interactions of personal and occupational risk factors on hand grip strength of winter pruners

BackgroundWinter pruning is an important procedure to sustain the yield and quality of vineyards. Pruning shears are commonly used in this stage. Handling pruning shears may cause work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Physical load on pruners at varying intensities and repetitive movements increase the risk of muscle strength and hand-wrist disorders. Grip strength (GS) is well accepted measure of muscle strength. The ambient temperature also affects pruners during winter pruning. PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different type of pruning shears, working ambient temperatures, work experiences of pruners, anthropometric values of the pruners and working hours on the GS values of professional pruners. MethodsThe study was conducted with the participation of professional volunteer pruners during winter pruning in Sultanas’ vineyards. The GS values determined from both hands of pruners in a group of rural workers (n = 18), was evaluated five different times during continuous 18 days of the pruning period. The GS values of pruners were measured using a digital hand dynamometer. The standard anthropometric measurement set was used to determine the anthropometric values of the pruners. ResultsThe average GS values of pruners’ the dominant and non-dominant hands were found to be 363 ± 89 N and 347 ± 86 N, respectively. Except working hours, all other parameters were found r-value and p-value” for correlation with GS. GS decreased with increased age (r = −0.473, p = 0.000). Furthermore, the effect of pruning shears on GS was statistically significant. For dominant hand, the highest GS was observed with the pruning shear with an anvil blade (386 ± 86 N); the lowest GS was observed with the pruning shear with a rotating lower handle (296 ± 55 N). Changes in the temperature of the work environment during a long pruning period had a significant effect on the GS values. The GS values increased with decreasing work environment temperature. ConclusionsGS values of the dominant hand had a greater value than that of the non-dominant hand which is reported in the literature. The study finding for anthropometric dimensions and GS values of pruners was significant. An adverse effect between work ambient temperature and GS values was revealed in winter pruners. GS values were not statistically significant, however, there was found slightly increasing and decreasing effects during the morning and afternoon hours, respectively. The type of the pruning shears affected the GS values. Relevance to industryIt is believed that the findings will inform ergonomists about the potential risk of MSDs during pruning. The results obtained in this study will contribute to ergonomic solutions in a new-product design, in particular choosing the more appropriate equipment to meet the needs of pruners.

Formas de ação coletiva: reflexões a partir dos conflitos por terra em Magé, RJ

This paper aims to discuss certain forms of collective action used by a group of rural workers who were threatened with eviction of the land they lived in. The analysis is based on land conflicts involving settlers and grabbers of two farmlands: America Fabril and Fazenda Conceicao de Surui, both in Mage, a district in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Most of the dispute - between 1960 and 1970 – was during the civil-military dictatorship, a period considered by scholars as a moment of political demobilization. The case stands out among the other land conflicts because of the legal land expropriation achieved by the group of rural workers in 1973 and 1974, respectively. Also, these were the only land expropriations, based on conflicts, between the 1964 coup and the late 1970s so far noticed.

Effects of agricultural quad bike driving on postural control during static, dynamic and functional tasks – A field study

BackgroundDriving a quad bike in a rural occupational setting is likely to expose the driver to various physical stimuli including whole-body vibration (WBV). These exposures may be linked to post-driving postural alterations which in turn could lead to an increased risk of spinal injury while undertaking manual material handling activities immediately following driving or falls while exiting from a vehicle. PurposeThe purpose of this study was to use a battery of postural tasks namely; bipedal and unipedal stance, limits of stability (LOS) and lifting task to assess how quad bike driving alters the postural control (PC) in a group of rural workers. MethodsThe PC, determined from centre of pressure (COP) displacements in a group of rural workers (n = 34), was evaluated at three time (T) periods, once (T-I) before the 30 min quad bike driving session on a typical New Zealand farm terrain and twice (T-II and T-III) immediately following driving, each time period lasted approximately 10 min later. ResultsThe results demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) increase and decrease in the magnitude of the COP measures for the lifting task and unipedal stance respectively during both T-II and T-III periods. However significant (p < 0.05) increase in the magnitude COP measures of bipedal stance, and increase in the maximal stability limits (LOS) were demonstrated only in the T-III. ConclusionsThese results demonstrate both immediate and sustained alterations in the PC following a period of occupational vehicle driving. Also, the results demonstrate both a worsening and improvement in postural control during the performance of a battery of tasks. Observed adverse or facilitatory postural effects will require further laboratory based investigations in order to determine how such disparity can best be explained or challenged. Relevance to industryThe findings will inform ergonomists about the potential risk involved in carrying out physically demanding occupational tasks following vehicle driving. This putative situation could be prevented by adopting behavioural strategies by drivers, and engineered interventions designed to reduce WBV exposure.