Group Of Iranian Population Research Articles

Allele frequency of genetic variations related to the UGT1A1 gene-drug pair in a group of Iranian population.

The efficacy and safety of drug treatments vary widely due to genetic variations. Pharmacogenomics investigates the impact of genetic variations on patient drug response. This research investigates the frequency of UGT1A1 genetic variations in the Iranian population, comparing them with global data to provide insights into the pharmacogenomic approach in the Iranian population. The study was conducted using the data of the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program, a population-based cohort study of the elderly population aged ≥ 60 years. Genotyping of three UGT1A1 variant alleles (UGT1A1*6, UGT1A1*27, and UGT1A1*80) was performed on a group of 2730 elderly Iranian participants with the Infinium Global Screening Array. The genotyping analysis revealed significant differences compared to major global populations that were addressed in the gnomAD database. UGT1A1*80 was found at a high frequency (32.34%), and followed by UGT1A1*6 (0.76%) and UGT1A1*27 (0.018) at a low frequency in the Iranian group. The UGT1A1*80 was the more prevalent allele between investigated alleles in the present study which can be considered as an important allele for pharmacogenomic testing.

Is there any difference between metabolomic profiles of mothers who progress to gestational diabetes versus healthy women during pregnancy?

Gestational diabetes (GD) is associated with a variety of numerous metabolic changes. Discovering related biomarkers by the metabolomic studies can provide a better understanding of the pathological processes involved in the development and progression of GD. Blood samples were taken from 400 naturally conceived healthy women aged 25-40years old in the first trimester of pregnancy. Participants were followed up again at 28weeks of gestation and reevaluated for GD based on American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. After identifying 32 women with GD as the case group, 32 healthy matched women selected as the control group. Plasma samples in the first and third trimester, were sent for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) testing. Altered biochemical pathways were identified in MetaboAnalyst 4.0 using Human Metabolism Database (HMDB). The comparison of altered metabolomes in two groups was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis in SPSS 23 software. In the first trimester, the amount of increase in steroid hormones level was greater in women who progressed to GD (Impact = 0.344). In the third trimester, although we had lower levels of steroid hormones, prostaglandins and bile acids in the diabetic group vs healthy subjects, however the level of glycine conjugated bile acid was higher in affected women by GD (P = 0.016). For the first time, we reported new disrupted pathways such as steroid hormone pathways and their related altered metabolites in a group of Iranian population with GD. This may provide a better and faster way to predict, diagnose and prevent GDM in the future. Surely, further studies are required for the validation of the results.

Association of common genetic variants of KCNJ11 gene with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial polygenic disease. Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11 (KCNJ11) gene mutations can result in susceptibility of T2DM. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between risk of T2DM and its complications (retinopathy & renal) and polymorphisms rs5210 and rs5215 of the KCNJ11 gene in a group of Iranian population. In this case-control study, 111 Iranian patients with T2DM and 82 control subjects were genotyped for each polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger Sequencing methods. Frequencies of genotypes of rs5210 polymorphism among subjects with and without diabetes mellitus were 53.15% vs. 51.22% for GG and 37.84% vs. 42.68% for AG (p = 0.7), respectively. Corresponding frequencies for rs5215 polymorphism among diabetics and non-diabetics were 13.51% vs. 13.41% for CC and 50.45% vs. 37.80% for CT (p = 0.2). G allele carriers (rs5210 polymorphism) and C allele carriers (rs5215 polymorphism) had the same frequency among diabetics and non-diabetics (p = 0.9 for G allele and p = 0.2 for C allele). Our results suggested that none of the polymorphisms of KCNJ11, rs5210 (p = 0.7) and rs5215 (p = 0.2), were significantly associated with T2DM. Only, the relationship between CT genotype of rs5215 and retinopathy (p = 0.01) showed a borderline significant association.

MTNR1B common genetic variant is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus risk

BackgroundMelatonin is a circadian rhythm regulator and any imbalance in its levels can be related to various metabolic disorders. The genetic variants of Melatonin Receptor 1B (MTNR1B) are reported to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) susceptibility. PurposeTo investigate the association of MTNR1B common variant, rs10830963 (C/G), with the risk of T2DM in a group of Iranian population. Methods187 T2DM (case) and 100 normal individuals (control) were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). ResultsThere were significant difference in frequency of genotypes and alleles of rs10830963 in patient and control groups (P = 0.003, P = 0.0008, respectively). The GG, CG genotypes and also G allele increased risk of T2DM disease (OR: 2.63, OR: 1.87, and OR: 1.90 respectively). ConclusionOur finding could suggest that rs10830963 variant in the MTNR1B gene is associated with the development of T2DM in a group of Iranian population.

Undiagnosed Hypertension among Youth (18-24 years) Referred to the Nutrition Clinic in Ardabil City, North West of Iran, from 2016 to 2018

Introduction: Blood pressure among youth is associated with increased risk of future cardiovascular disease occurrence. The studies done on hypertension prevalence among young population are still insufficient. The purpose of this study was to determine undiagnosed hypertension, based on the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC7) on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure updated guidelines among the apparently healthy young group of Iranian population. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 901 volunteers, without previous hypertension history, in the age group of 18-24 years old (body mass index< 40 kg/m2) were assessed in Ardabil city from September 2016 to March 2008.They were apparently healthy youth and reported that their body weight had been stable for at least the last 3 months. Blood pressure was measured by standardized protocols based on American Heart Association guidelines, and the final value was obtained using the mean of the two careful readings of office blood pressure monitoring. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0. One-way analysis of variance was applied to determine the differences among hypertension groups, and p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The mean of age, weight and body mass index was 19.48±1.64 (years), 60.54±11.45 (kg) and 21.39±3.17 (kg/m2), respectively. According to the JNC7 updated guidelines (2017), 17.4% subjects fell into elevated blood pressure whereas 2.1% and 1.7% into stage I and II hypertension category, respectively. Males were significantly more likely to have elevated blood pressure and stage I and stage II hypertension than females (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to the JNC7 updated guidelines, there is a significant prevalence of undiagnosed elevated blood pressure and hypertension (21.1%) among Iranian youth population. These results emphasize the need for careful monitoring of the blood pressure even among apparently healthy young adults.

The Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infection Among a Group of Iranian Population

Background: The risks of advanced liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver cancer among patients with hepatitis B and C virus co-infection are greater than in patients with either hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection. Objectives: The present study sought to assess the prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among individuals with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seropositivity in Mashhad, the largest city in the northeast of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted in 2017 on 284 individuals with HBsAg seropositivity who referred from April 2016 to March 2017 to the Central Diagnostic Laboratory of the Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research, Mashhad, Iran. Commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used for detection of hepatitis C virus. Moreover, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction quantification test was performed for individuals with hepatitis C virus antibody. Results: Participants were aged 4 - 89 years. Among them, 158 (55.6%) were male with a mean age of 43.9 ± 14 and 126 (44.4%) were female with a mean age of 40.5 ± 14.1. Hepatitis C virus antibody was detected only in four individuals (1.41%) and hepatitis C virus RNA (genotype 3) was detected only in one of these individuals with a viral load of 1000 copies/ml. Conclusions: Study findings show the low prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus co-infection in Mashhad, Iran.

Assessment of Nasopalatine Canal Anatomic Variations Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography in a Group of Iranian Population

Background: With regards to the increasing use of implants in the field of dentistry, the recognition of critical landmarks is essential. Nasopalatine canal (NPC) is one of these important indices, which due to high esthetic expectations in premaxilla, should be precisely evaluated before surgery. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the morphological and anatomical variations of the NPC. Materials and Methods: A total of 326 individual cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were analyzed in sagittal, coronal, and axial planes in order to evaluate the dimensions, morphology and anatomic features of the NPC. The canal shape, length, and curvature, incisive and Stenson’s foramina (SF) dimensions, and the number of openings on both sides of the canal were assessed. The correlation of age, gender, and dental status with all considered parameters were analyzed. Results: The most dominant shape of the NPC was cylindrical (65.33%). The mean NPC length was 12.85 ± 2.63 mm, which was greater in men and showed significant differences between two genders (P < 0.001). The most frequent canal anatomical variation in the coronal plane was Y-type (50%). Through statistical analysis, the effect of gender on the canal length, anteroposterior dimension of SF, and mediolateral dimension of SF and incisive foramen (IF) and the number of orifices at the nasal floor was significant. Also, a significant relationship existed between dental status and curvature of the canal, anteroposterior dimension of IF and SF and furcation level of the canal. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the anatomical variations of NPC regarding its dimension, location and morphological appearance. Cylindrical was the most common shape followed by funnel-shape, hourglass, and spindle, which were the other canal shapes with less frequency, respectively. The results suggest significant relationship between NPC, and gender and dental status. The influence of age was not as significant as gender and dental status.

Radiographic Evaluation of Impacted Third Molars and Their Complications in a Group of Iranian Population

Background and aim : An impacted tooth is a tooth that did not grow on its expected time because of an incorrect position or lack of space. The impacted third molar is the most common impacted tooth. In the present study, the presence of the impacted third molar teeth and their complications in the panoramic radiography of patients were evaluated. Methods and materials : The frequency of impacted third molars, in two jaws and two genders, their position (impaction depth and angulations), their influence on adjacent teeth and their relations to inferior alveolar canal were evaluated in 2000 panoramic radiography of patients who were over 20 years old. Results : 333(16.65%) patients [161(48.3%) men and 172(51.7%) women] with mean age of 30.32 ± 7.22 years (between 20 - 68 years old) had impacted teeth. 313 cases only had impacted third molars, 16 cases had other impacted teeth and 4 patients had both impacted third molar and other impacted teeth. Prevalence of impacted wisdom teeth is in mandible more than maxilla and in women more than men. The mesioangular angulation in mandible and upright angulation in the maxilla were the most common angular position. Type B in the mandible and type C in the maxilla were the most common types of impaction's depth. Most of the mandibular and maxillary impacted third molars showed complete root development. Higher frequency of distal caries or defects of the adjacent second molars was found in the mandible. Conclusion: Frequency of impacted third molars in mandible was more than maxilla. Also impacted third molars were found in women more than men. With regard to mandibular third molars, mesioangular and type IB were the common pattern.The relationship between the position of the tooth and distal caries of second molar will be an interesting finding and has clinical importance.

Prevalence of hypertension in an Iranian population

Background: The prevalence of HTN varies considerably worldwide. This study was carried out to illustrate the prevalence of hypertension in a group of Iranian population based on the data gathered for Iranian Multi-centric Osteoporosis Studies (IMOS). Methods: This study analyzes the systolic and diastolic blood pressure from the IMOS, a multi-centric cross-sectional study carried out on apparently healthy men and women in urban areas of major Iranian cities to study bone health. Results: Overall, 26.21% of the studied cases were estimated to be hypertensive; the condition was more prevalent among older males. Each year increase in age was associated with 1.070 higher risk of developing hypertension. Conclusion: Hypertension is quite prevalent among Iranian population and the prevalence of the condition is rising in the context of progressive rise in age and BMI.

Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities in patients with lacunar infarction: A case control study

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess paraoxonase (PON1) and arylesterase (ARE) activities and polymorphism in patients with lacunar infarctions. Design and methods The PON1 activity, ARE and lipid profile were determined in 37 patients and 53 healthy individuals. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 37 patients (20 males and 17 females) were studied. The levels of PON1 activity in patients and healthy individuals were 63.5 ± 46.7 IU/L and 95.5 ± 75.5 IU/L, respectively ( p = 0.024). The same values for ARE were 54.3 ± 19.3 KU/L for patients and 69.1 ± 29.3 KU/L for controls ( p = 0.008). Polymorphism in Q192R location shows statistically different presentation in patient group compared to healthy controls with an odds ratio of 3.42 (CI 95%: 1.24–9.44, p = 0.017). Conclusions According to this study, we suggest that PON1 192R polymorphism may play a minor role as a risk marker for developing lacunar infarctions in a group of Iranian population.

Epidemiological Aspects of Head and Neck Cancers in a Group of Iranian Population

Statement of Problem: Head and neck cancers occur in a wide variety of tissue types and sites, resulting in a complex range of malignancies cared by physicians in multiple specialties. Epidemiologic aspects of head and neck cancer in Iran have not been studied adequately. Purpose: The aim of this study was to represent epidemiological aspects of head and neck cancers in Kerman province in Iran. Materials and Method: In this retrospective epidemiological study, a total of 2211 cases of head and neck cancers were diagnosed in period 11-year. Data on all malignant head and neck cancers were included in this study. Information was obtained from the records of the 18 departments of histopathology in Kerman province. Results: The five most common sites were skin of the head and neck (46.81%), lymph nodes of head and neck (13.98%), larynx (13.48%), oral cavity and pharynx (12.21%), and thyroid (6.20%). Paranasal sinuses were the least common. The incidence rate of head and neck cancers was 10.12/100000 cases. Conclusion: Geographical or regional variations in the prevalence of head and neck cancer indicate that the socio-cultural lifestyles of a population play an important role in head and neck carcinogenesis. This study showed that the incidence rate of head and neck cancers was lower than that in many other countries. However, comparison between our findings with some other studies shows a relation consistency.