Group Exercise Sessions Research Articles

Analysis of Factors Contributing to State Body Appreciation during Exercise.

This cross-sectional study aimed to analyse the factors contributing to state body appreciation (SBA) during exercise. After providing their informed consent, 200 study participants (mean age 30.0 ± 9.4 years, 72.0% were men) filled in an online questionnaire immediately after the completion of resistance training (n = 125), cardiovascular exercise (n = 55), or functional/interval group exercise (n = 20) sessions. The study measures included socio-demographic variables, body mass index (BMI), the duration of involvement in sports, SBA, state body surveillance (SBS), state mindfulness in physical activity, state intrinsic exercise regulation, and perceived pleasantness during exercise. The results showed that exercisers involved in sports for >2 years and those whose body weight was within a healthy range (<25.0 kg/m2) demonstrated higher SBA and mindfulness during exercise, lower SBS, more intrinsic exercise regulation, and higher satisfaction during physical activity compared to exercisers with less exercise experience (≤2 years) and a body weight higher than a healthy range (≥25.0 kg/m2). The negative effects of being overweight or obese were more pronounced in individuals with ≤2 years of sports participation, except regarding body surveillance and monitoring the mind. The factors significantly contributing to SBA during the exercise sessions were a longer duration of involvement in sports, a lower BMI and SBS, and greater mindful body acceptance and exercise pleasantness. Decreasing SBS and enhancing mindful body acceptance, pleasantness, and intrinsic motivation during exercise might significantly contribute to SBA in physical activity. These results can inform physical-activity-based programmes aiming to promote a positive body image. Also, these results show that it is important to increase education and develop competencies for fitness coaches to create inclusive and positive-body-image-promoting sports environments.

Do functionality, strength, vascularization, inflammatory and biopsychosocial status improve by biopsychosocial model-based exercise in SSc?

This study aimed to investigation of the effects of the Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach (Bilişsel Egzersiz Terapi Yaklaşımı-BETY), a supervised biopsychosocial model-based exercise intervention, on functionality, muscle strength, vascularization, anti-inflammatory and biopsychosocial status in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) patients. Thirty-seven SSc patients were included. Twenty of them were recruited into the study group (SG) undergoing BETY group exercise sessions three times a week for three months and 17 were in the control group (CG) following a home exercise program. Assessments tools were the Modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS), Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ), Modified Hand Mobility in Scleroderma (mHAMIS), Duruoz Hand Index (DHI), Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT), skeletal muscle strength measurements using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex System 3 Pro), Shear Wave Elastography (SWE), ELISA kits (for tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, IL-10, serum irisin level), BETY-Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and Short Form-36 (SF-36). The SG demonstrated improvements in SHAQ, mHAMIS, 6MWT, BETY-BQ, HADS, and SF-36 values, excluding the DHI scores (p < 0.05). In contrast, CG showed worsening in SHAQ-general scleroderma symptoms and HADS scores compared to SG (p < 0.05). IL-10 and TNF-alpha increased in both groups, also various vascular parameters were significantly different changed in SG than CG (p < 0.05). Muscle strength values improved in the SG but decreased in the CG however this was statistically not significant (p > 0.05). BETY can be recommended as a nonpharmacologic approach to the disease management of SSc patients.

Impact of a Multi-Component Physical Activity Intervention on Psychological Well-Being in Older Adults: A Pilot Study

While the positive effects of physical activity (PA) on mental health are well documented, limited research has explored its influence on the positive psychological well-being in elderly individuals. This study examined the effects of a multi-component PA intervention on various facets of psychological well-being among older adults residing in retirement homes. Fifty-eight elderly individuals (mean age = 83.8 years, 76.3% female) residing in retirement homes participated either in either a 12 week multi-component PA intervention program or in an attention control group. Those in the intervention group engaged in supervised group exercise lessons for 45 min, three times per week, and used wearable activity monitors during weekdays over 12 weeks. Assessments were conducted before and after the intervention to measure happiness, life satisfaction, eudaimonic well-being, and depressive symptoms, which are four components of psychological well-being. On average, those in the intervention group attended about 86.9% of group exercise sessions and used the activity trackers for 97.5% of the designated days. Results from linear mixed models indicated that the intervention had a positive effect on happiness in the intervention group, but not in the control group. Nonetheless, no significant differences were found in terms of changes in eudaimonic well-being, life satisfaction, and depressive symptoms between the two groups. This selective impact on different dimensions of psychological well-being implies that subsequent research could explore the integration of more comprehensive components in PA interventions targeting all dimensions of psychological well-being, as each of them is a key aspect of healthy aging and independently related to a range of health outcomes amongst older adults.

Facilitators, barriers and support needs to GLA:D exercise adherence – a mixed method study

BackgroundKnee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) are among the most common musculoskeletal joint diseases worldwide. International guidelines recommend exercise and education as first-line interventions for their management. The Good Life with osteoArthritis Denmark (GLA:D) programme aims to achieve self-management using group exercise and education sessions. It also encourages participants to stay physically active and perform GLA:D exercises (GE) twice weekly after programme end. This study investigated the participants’ self-reported level of physical activity (PA) and self-reported adherence to the GE between five and 17 months after completion of the GLA:D programme and also explored the barriers, facilitators and support needs to achieve long-term adherence to GE.MethodsA mixed method study using an exploratory sequential design was performed. A qualitative phase, involving semi-structured interviews and a focus group, led to the development of a questionnaire on participants’ level of PA, as well as ratings of the barriers, facilitators and support needs for the achievement of long-term adherence to GE. In a second quantitative phase, the survey was conducted online with former GLA:D participants from Switzerland. Descriptive statistical analysis and a group comparison between adherent and non-adherent participants to the GE were performed using Fisher’s exact test, odds ratio, and confidence interval.ResultsEleven former GLA:D participants attended the interviews and focus group, and former GLA:D participants (30% response rate) participated in the survey. Of these, 84% (n = 285) reported to reach the recommended level of PA and 53% (n = 178) GE adherence. The top barrier to GE adherence was no/little self-discipline to perform GE (40%, n = 112) and the top facilitator was GE are easy to perform (93%, n = 300). The top 3 items regarding support needs to enhance GE adherence were a shortened version (max. 30 min) of the GE home programme (75%, n = 255), monthly continuation of small GE groups under GLA:D physiotherapists’ supervision (65%, n = 221), and monitoring with regular testing of individual progress (65%, n = 221).ConclusionsThe top barriers and facilitators should be considered by those responsible for the GLA:D programme and may need to be specifically addressed during and after the programme. The development of a shortened version of the GLA:D programme, a post-GLA:D group, and monitoring with regular testing seem crucial for enhancing GE adherence.Clinical Trial Registrationnot applicable.

EXERCISE &amp; CANCER PROGRAM: A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH TO PROVIDE PRESCRIPTIVE EXERCISE OUTSIDE OF THE CLINICAL HEALTHCARE SETTING

CASE SETTING This study implemented a standardized exercise program for oncology patients in the Latrobe Valley region of Gippsland, Australia, aiming to assess its potential transferability to other regions. This was undertaken due to a lack of structured services available in Gippsland, limiting patient access to these programs, in which patients having to travel up to 2 hours for treatment in Melbourne. TREATMENT Implementation of a standardized exercise program for oncology patients, developed by a multidisciplinary team of exercise physiologists, oncology health professionals, and leisure centre fitness professionals. Exercise Physiologists conducted initial assessments and patients were placed in either individual, group exercise sessions and/or home-based programs. RESULTS The program demonstrated significant improvements in both physical and psychological well-being. The program has received 73 referrals, of which 48 participants completed initial assessments with an Exercise Physiologist. Of the remaining 25 participants, 2 were discharged to other services due to their location outside the program’s jurisdiction, 18 withdrew or did not attend their appointments, and 5 are currently on the waitlist for assessment. At the time of data collection, 17 participants had completed their reassessments.100% of participants improved on at least one physical test, and all participants improved on one of their subjective measures (fatigue, depression, anxiety, self-worth). Additionally, participant feedback was overwhelmingly positive, highlighting the program’s psycho-social support and the benefits of exercising outside a healthcare setting. REFLECTIONS/LEARNINGS This program successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of collaboration between healthcare services and leisure centres in delivering sustainable exercise programs for oncology patients outside of the healthcare setting. It also highlighted the value of providing both physical and psycho-social support, with the inclusion of care coordinators significantly reducing burdens on health services. The program’s success suggests strong potential for transferability to other regions.

FEASIBILITY, ACCEPTABILITY, AND EFFICACY OF A PILOT EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY GROUP SERVICE FOR OLDER ADULTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

INTRODUCTION &amp; AIMS Type 2 diabetes prevalence increases with ageing, affecting over half a million older Australians. Medicare type 2 diabetes group interventions can support older adults’ diabetes management. However, Accredited Exercise Physiologist (AEP) delivered service feasibility and acceptability is yet to be assessed. This study aimed to assess feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a Medicare type 2 diabetes group exercise and education intervention for older adults. METHODS This study was a single arm feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy trial of an AEP delivered type 2 diabetes group service for older adults. Participants attended the Diabetes Clinic once per week for 8 weeks, for a group exercise and education session. Attendance, participation, enjoyment, suitability, usefulness, and pre-post clinical health outcomes were assessed. RESULTS The intervention was feasible and acceptable, with 40 participants (71.8±4.5 years old, range 65-81 years, 45% female) attending 87% of sessions, with high treatment compliance within sessions (aerobic training: 86%; resistance training: 86%; education: 87%). Almost all participants (97%) strongly agreed that the program was enjoyable. Significant post intervention improvements (mean difference [95% CI]) were observed for right arm systolic blood pressure (SBP) (-7mmHg [-12, -2], p=0.007), left arm diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (-3mmHg [-5, -0], p=0.021), body weight (-0.7kg [-1.3, -0.0], p=0.039), waist circumference (-1.3cm [-2.2, -0.4], p=0.006), 6-minute walk test (22.8m, [9.1. 36.5], p=0.002), 5 times sit to stand (-0.8sec [-1.2, -0.5], p&amp;lt;0.001), short physical performance battery ordinal scale (0.3 [0.1, 0.5], p=0.009), and whole-body muscle strength (32.2kg [22.3, 42.1], p&amp;lt;0.001). CONCLUSION Older adults attended and enjoyed the AEP led Diabetes Clinic program, while also improving fitness and cardiometabolic health outcomes. Ways to enhance referrals and engage older adults in the programs warrant further investigation. The potential for additional sessions to achieve greater physical activity engagement and diabetes self-management should be further investigated.

Fostering positive affective exercise experiences and affect-related competencies for a physically active lifestyle: The FEEL project

Introduction&#x0D; Interventions targeting physical inactive individuals have not yielded sufficient impact yet. This may be attributed to two reasons: Firstly, affective processes during physical activity (PA) are often inadequately acknowledged (e. g. shame, feeling bad; Hohberg et al. 2022). Secondly, individuals are often not empowered to PA that positively influences affective wellbeing and mental health (Sudeck &amp; Pfeifer, 2016). The FEEL project addresses these two deficiencies by developing a program promoting pleasant experiences, affect regulation competence, wellbeing and consequently PA.&#x0D; The program is grounded in Ekkekakis et al.’s (2021) conceptual framework on affective exercise experiences and their antecedent appraisals. It consists of [a] an instructor workshop focused on creating an inclusive, socially supportive atmosphere. Additionally, the program features [b] group exercise sessions covering topics such as attentional focus, preferred intensity, and flexible goal setting. Experiential learning is employed during these sessions, encouraging participants to engage not only physically but also to reflect on and in action. Finally, the program incorporates [c] a PA counseling session, during which participants individual motives for exercise are assessed, and suitable activities are discussed (Schorno et al., 2022).&#x0D; Methods&#x0D; We plan a multicenter randomized controlled trial to investigate the impact of the 6-8 week FEEL program. Inactive individuals (meeting less than 75% of recommended PA guidelines) in the age of 16 to 35 will take part in the study. Participants will be recruited via schools, universities, companies, and social work institutions. Around 300 people will be assigned to either the intervention or control group. The control group will undergo a standard fitness program (usual care). The primary outcomes positive affective exercise experiences, affect regulation competence, wellbeing and PA will be measured pre- (0 weeks), post-intervention (6 weeks) and at follow-up (12 weeks). After piloting the FEEL program in April 2024, the main study will start in fall 2024.&#x0D; Discussion&#x0D; This study explores the impact of a multifaceted intervention in a primary care context. It may provide valuable insights for effective considerations of affective processes and related competencies in PA programs. Should the FEEL program showcase positive effects, there may be interest in extending its implementation in diverse settings (e.g., rehabilitation).&#x0D; References&#x0D; Ekkekakis, P., Zenko, Z., &amp; Vazou, S. (2021). Do you find exercise pleasant or unpleasant? The Affective Exercise Experiences (AFFEXX) questionnaire. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 55, Article 101930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.101930&#x0D; Hohberg, V., Kreppke, J.‑N., Cody, R., Guthold, R., Woods, C., Brand, R., Dunton, G., Rothman, A., Ketelhut, S., &amp; Nigg, C. (2022). What is needed to promote physical activity? Current Issues in Sport Science, 7, Article 005 https://doi.org/10.36950/2022ciss005&#x0D; Schorno, N., Gut, V., Conzelmann, A., &amp; Schmid, J. (2022). Effectiveness of individual exercise and sport counseling based on motives and goals: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 44(2), 103-115. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2021-0018&#x0D; Sudeck, G., &amp; Pfeifer, K. (2016). Physical activity-related health competence as an integrative objective in exercise therapy and health sports – Conception and validation of a short questionnaire. Sportwissenschaft, 46, 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-016-0405-4

Comparison of Different Modes of Exercise on Cognitive Function and Mood among Older Adults in Mexico

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate comparison of different modes of exercise on cognitive function and mood among older adults in Mexico&#x0D; Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.&#x0D; Findings: The study on older adults in Mexico found that regular physical exercise, regardless of the mode, improved cognitive function, particularly memory and executive functions. Aerobic exercises like walking and swimming were effective in enhancing mood by reducing depression and anxiety symptoms. Resistance training benefited attention and concentration. Group exercise sessions and personalized programs boosted adherence and motivation, contributing to improved cognitive outcomes and mood among older adults in Mexico.&#x0D; Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The cognitive reserve theory, the neurotrophic theory &amp; the socioemotional selectivity theory may be used to anchor future studies comparison of different modes of exercise on cognitive function and mood among older adults in Mexico Develop practical guidelines for creating customized workout playlists based on individual preferences and exercise goals. Collaborate with workplace wellness programs to incorporate music into physical fitness initiatives. Advocate for policies that support the use of music in corporate fitness centers and wellness activities to improve employee engagement and well-being.

Feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of a pilot exercise physiology group service for older people with type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes affects over half a million older Australians. Australian Medicare group exercise and education interventions can support older adults' diabetes management. However, the feasibility and acceptability of accredited exercise physiologist (AEP)-delivered services are yet to be assessed. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy of a Medicare type 2 diabetes group exercise and education intervention for older adults. This study was a single-arm feasibility, acceptability and preliminary efficacy trial of an AEP-delivered type 2 diabetes group service for older adults with the condition. Participants attended the diabetes clinic once per week for eight weeks, through Medicare, for a group exercise and education session. Attendance, participation, enjoyment, suitability, usefulness and pre-post clinical health outcomes were assessed. The intervention was feasible and acceptable, with 40participants (mean [±standard deviation] age 71.8±4.5 years [range 65-81 years]; 45% female) attending 87% of sessions. Almost all participants (97%) strongly agreed that the program was enjoyable. Participants also improved fitness and cardiometabolic health outcomes. More Australians should be referred to and attend Medicare-subsidised exercise physiologist-delivered group sessions. The potential for additional sessions toachieve greater physical activity engagement and diabetes self-management should be further investigated.

Development Elderly Exercises to Improve The Quality of Elderly Life

Abstract. The objective of this community service project is to devise exercises that can enhance the quality of life of senior citizens. A literature review was conducted and healthcare professionals were consulted to devise a comprehensive set of exercises targeting multiple aspects of physical health. Participants were provided with instructional videos and printed materials, and the group exercise sessions were organized. The initiative improved the physical and mental health of the participants, who reported feeling more confident, energized, and less fatigued. The development of these exercises can be replicated to improve the quality of life of the elderly in other communities.

Effectiveness of Aerobic Exercise and Tai Chi Interventions on Sleep Quality in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer

Sleep disturbances prevalent among patients with advanced lung cancer can aggravate physical and psychological symptoms, contributing to decreased quality of life and survival. To compare the effectiveness of 2 physical activities of different modalities and intensities, namely aerobic exercise (AE) and tai chi (TC), on subjective sleep quality, physical and psychological outcomes, and survival in patients with advanced lung cancer. This assessor-blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 3 public hospitals in Hong Kong between December 19, 2018, and September 7, 2022. A total of 226 patients with advanced lung cancer were recruited and randomized 1:1:1 to AE, TC, or the control group. For 16 weeks, the AE group received two 60-minute supervised group exercise sessions and home-based exercises per month, and the TC group received 60-minute group sessions twice weekly. The control group received physical activity guidelines. The primary outcome was subjective sleep quality. Secondary outcomes included objective sleep measures, anxiety, depression, fatigue, quality of life, physical function, circadian rhythm, and 1-year survival. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 16 weeks (T1), and 1 year (T2). The 226 participants had a mean (SD) age of 61.41 (8.73) years, and 122 (54.0%) were female. Compared with the control group, participants in the AE and TC groups showed statistically significant improvements in subjective sleep quality from baseline to T1 (AE: between-group difference, -2.72; 95% CI, -3.97 to -1.46; P < .001; TC: between-group difference, -4.21; 95% CI, -5.48 to -2.94; P < .001) and T2 (AE: between-group difference, -1.75; 95% CI, -3.24 to -0.26; P = .02; TC: between-group difference, -3.95; 95% CI, -5.41 to -2.49; P < .001), psychological distress, physical function, step count, and circadian rhythm. The TC group had a statistically significant greater improvement in sleep than the AE group at T1 (between-group difference, -1.49; 95% CI, -2.77 to -0.22; P = .02) and T2 (between-group difference, -2.20; 95% CI, -3.57 to -0.83; P < .001). Participants in the TC group showed statistically significant improvement in survival compared with the control group. In this randomized clinical trial, AE and TC improved sleep, psychological distress, physical function, and circadian rhythm, with TC demonstrating greater benefits on sleep and survival. Both exercises, but particularly TC, can be incorporated into lung cancer survivorship care. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04119778.

Comparing exercise determinants between Black and White older adults with heart failure

BackgroundHeart Failure is a leading cause of mortality among older adults. Engaging in regular exercise at moderate-to-vigorous intensity has been shown to improve survival rates. Theory-informed methodologies have been recommended to promote exercise, but limited application of theoretical framework has been conducted for understanding racial disparities among older adults with heart failure. This study aimed to use the Health Belief Model to compare exercise behavior determinants between Black and White older adults diagnosed with heart failure.MethodsThe HF-ACTION Trial is a multi-site study designed to promote exercise among individuals with heart failure that randomized participants to an experimental (three months of group exercise sessions followed by home-based training) or control arm. The present study used structural equation modeling to test the change in Health Belief Model constructs and exercise behavior across 12 months among older adults.ResultsParticipants (n = 671) were older adults, 72.28 (SD = 5.41) years old, (Black: n = 230; White, n = 441) diagnosed with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. The model found perceived benefits, self-efficacy, perceived threats, and perceived barriers to predict exercise behavior among Black and White older adults. However, among these constructs, only perceived benefits and self-efficacy were facilitated via intervention for both races. Additionally, the intervention was effective for addressing perceived barriers to exercise only among White participants. Finally, the intervention did not result in a change of perceived threats for both races.ConclusionsAmong health belief model constructs, perceived threats and barriers were not facilitated for both races in the experimental arm, and the intervention did not resolve barriers among Black older adults. Racial differences need to be considered when designing interventions for clinical populations as future studies are warranted to address barriers to exercise among Black older adults with heart failure.

Chlorine Gas Poisoning in an Aquatic Exercise Pool: A Case Report

Background and Purpose: This case report describes an incident of chlorine gas poisoning in an aquatic exercise class of senior adults in which 24 participants, facility employees, and first responders required emergency medical attention with some requiring hospitalization. The cause of the chlorine gas release, the health effects on participants, and the facility's subsequent response are described. The purpose of this case is to inform physical therapists and exercise professionals working in aquatic exercise pools about chlorine gas poisoning prevention and mitigation efforts. Case Description: The cause of this incident was a series of breakdowns in safety procedures leading to the release of chlorine gas while a class was in session. Because of limited exit points, physical debilitation of some participants, and a lack of proper safety equipment, the evacuation effort was delayed, overwhelming participants, facility employees, and first responders with toxic gas. Twenty-four people were transported to the emergency department with 7 hospitalized. At least 3 are known to suffer long-term health effects. Outcomes: The facility concluded that normal operating procedures and safety protocols were not followed. Following the review, the facility took measures to ensure adherence to proper procedures, revised its emergency action plan, and acquired the appropriate safety equipment. Discussion: The accidental release of chlorine gas in an exercise pool is a rare but potentially catastrophic event. Facilities operating exercise and aquatic therapy pools must follow strict protocols for the safe handling of pool chemicals and be prepared to respond immediately if a chlorine gas accident occurs. This case report serves as an example of risk management for the prevention of and response to a catastrophic release of chlorine gas during a group exercise or aquatic therapy session.

The contribution of physical activity to motivation in patients with minor to major cognitive impairment

Alzheimer's disease (AD) brings with it the need to think about the loss of autonomy caused by cognitive impairment, and how to manage it. In this context, adapted physical activity has been shown to benefit the overall quality of life of people suffering from the disease. In our study of thirteen patients with AD or related neurodegenerative diseases, we assessed the impact of physical activity on self-esteem and motivation, with patients taking part in group exercise sessions lasting twelve weeks, one hour a week.

Short-term Intensive Lifestyle Therapy in a Worksite Setting Improves Cardiometabolic Health in People With Obesity.

The Pritikin Program, which provides intensive lifestyle therapy, has been shown to improve cardiometabolic outcomes when provided as a residential program. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a short-term, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of treatment with the Pritikin Program in an outpatient worksite setting. Cardiometabolic outcomes were evaluated in people with overweight/obesity and ≥2 metabolic abnormalities (high triglycerides, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, high blood pressure, HbA1c > 5.7%), before and after they were randomized to 6 weeks of standard care (n = 26) or intensive lifestyle therapy, based on the Pritikin Program (n = 28). Participants in the lifestyle intervention group were provided all food as packed-out meals and participated in group nutrition, behavioral education, cooking classes, and exercise sessions 3 times per week at a worksite location. Compared with standard care, intensive lifestyle therapy decreased body weight (-5.0% vs -0.5%), HbA1c (-15.5% vs +2.3%), plasma total cholesterol (-9.8% vs +7.7%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-10.3% vs +9.3%) and triglyceride (-21.7% vs +3.0%) concentrations, and systolic blood pressure (-7.0% vs 0%) (all P values < .02), and increased exercise tolerance (time to exhaustion walking on a treadmill by +23.7% vs +4.5%; P < .001). This study demonstrates the feasibility and clinical effectiveness of short-term, intensive outpatient lifestyle therapy in people with overweight/obesity and increased risk of coronary heart disease when all food is provided and the intervention is conducted at a convenient worksite setting.

Exercise Predicts a Good Night's Sleep: Preliminary Findings from a UCLA Study of First-Episode Schizophrenia.

Physical exercise can improve sleep quality in the general population. Understanding the negative impact of poor sleep quality on multiple domains of functioning among persons with schizophrenia is a new frontier of exploration. It is also imperative to investigate non-pharmacologic methods to improve sleep quality as these approaches may not carry the side effect burdens associated with medication. We examined the relationship between regular physical exercise and sleep quality among participants in an intervention consisting of both cognitive training and exercise. Participants (N = 48) were schizophrenia patients who had a first psychotic episode within two years of study entry. Participants received 4 h/week of internet-based cognitive training and an aerobic exercise program over a 6-month period. Sleep was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index at baseline and six months later. During the 3 months prior to the 6-month follow-up sleep assessment, participants completed an average of 12.6 group exercise sessions and an average of 12.9 individual at-home exercise sessions. A significant relationship between the number of exercise sessions and global sleep quality was seen at month six, r = -0.44, df = 39, p < 0.01. Group exercise frequency was also associated with improvement in global sleep quality over the six-month intervention, t(34) = -2.84, p = 0.008. We demonstrated that a group of young adults with schizophrenia can be engaged in a regular exercise program, even during the tumultuous early course of the disorder. The number of exercise sessions in which they participated was associated with better sleep quality at six months and pre-postintervention improvement in sleep quality. Improved sleep quality appears to be a benefit of regular exercise among individuals with serious mental illness.

The Importance Assigned by Pregnant Women to the Quality Characteristics of Fitness Instructors. A Qualitative Study.

The exercise professional's role is to provide proper exercise prescription and selection, regular feedback, positive reinforcement, and behavioral strategies to enhance adherence. Thus, knowing the preferences of the consumers will enhance pedagogical skills. To characterize pregnant women's preferences regarding the fitness instructor's quality characteristics in specific group exercise sessions for this population. A qualitative study was conducted in 2021. The Fitness Instructor Quality Questionnaire was applied to 29 pregnant women engaged in prenatal group fitness classes, aged between 24 and 48 years. This questionnaire includes 25 items, grouped in two dimensions, scored with a Likert scale with 7 levels of importance (1 = not at all important; 7 = extremely important). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize pregnant women's opinion (mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum). The global average of items was 6.41, showing that pregnant women give importance to the Quality of the fitness instructor. Relational Quality has the highest average (6.48), close to Pedagogical-Technical Quality dimension (6.34). The most important items for pregnant women were Ethics (6.76), Communication (6.72), and Availability, Motivation, and Punctuality (6.69). The less important items were Musical Domain (5.24), Image (5.69), and Physical Fitness (5.86). Pregnant women give great importance to the Quality of the fitness instructor, although they value some indicators more than others, as identified in other studies in different populations. Considering the results of this study, it can be recommended that fitness instructors delivering prenatal exercise programs should address these factors related to Quality. It can be emphasized that the fitness instructor should have an intervention that shows willingness to listen to pregnant women, allows them time to perform the exercises, encourages them to practice, without overestimating aspects related to image or fitness level.

GEROFIT TELEHEALTH-DELIVERED GROUP EXERCISE IMPACTS SOCIAL SUPPORT AND HEALTH AMONG OLDER VETERANS

Abstract Group exercise provides social support, which is especially important among older adults. Gerofit conducted a telephone survey with participants (n=258) from 15 sites to learn about Veterans’ experiences with transition to Gerofit-specific telehealth-delivered group exercise to guide continuous improvement of the program. One, open-ended question was asked at the end, inviting respondents to reflect on any other thoughts they had about the telehealth-delivered exercise sessions. This yielded robust qualitative responses which constitute the data analyzed in this qualitative descriptive study. Key themes that emerged from participant responses included: 1) telehealth-delivered group exercise provides structure, motivation, and accountability; and 2) transitioning from in-person to telehealth-delivered exercise has many beneficial impacts on health such as retaining strength and ability to recover from injury, weight management, and positive impacts on mental health and quality of life. Telehealth-delivered group exercise sessions provide social support and are associated with positive health impacts.

Efficacy of a multicomponent exercise training program intervention in community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cluster randomized controlled trial

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused changes in lifestyle for older adults such as reduced physical activity and community participation. Community activity centers were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 82) or control arm (n = 85). The intervention comprised one 60 min group exercise session per week in weeks 1–8 and an online home exercise program in weeks 9–16. Physical activity, physical performance, and prefrailty rates were assessed at baseline and 16 weeks. At 16 weeks, compared to the control arm, the intervention arm exhibited improved (p < 0.05) leisure-time physical activity (phi = 0.571), vigorous physical activity (phi = 0.534), and moderate–vigorous physical activity (phi = 0.344); prefrailty rates (phi = 0.179); and short physical performance battery results (η2p = 0.113). The intervention thus effectively improved physical activity levels, physical performance, and prefrailty rates in community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

EFFECT DIFFERENCES OF 30-MINUTES VERSUS 60-MINUTES TELE-EXERCISE ON FITNESS LEVEL OF OBESE EMPLOYEES

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic causes lower physical activity while exercise intensity also decreases. At the same time, the stress level is increasing, causing low physical fitness level. Due to the importance of human health and company cost to increase their employees’ physical fitness level, and with regard to the limited time of office employees, this research aimed to analyze the effect of tele-exercise duration on the fitness level of obese employees. The design of this study was pre-posttest quasi-experimental design. The subjects of this research were male and female obese employees, aged 18-45 years old, from Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) company in Jakarta, Indonesia. Subjects then were randomly assigned to a 30-minutes exercise session group (n = 20) or 60-minutes exercise session group (n = 19). Statistical analysis included paired t-test and independent t-test to analyze differences between groups. All aspects of fitness analyzed in this study (strength, flexibility, and cardiorespiratory endurance) were increased in both groups significantly (p&lt;0.05). It was shown that 60-minutes exercise sessions improve overall aspects of fitness better than 30-minutes exercise sessions, except for cardiovascular fitness (VO2 Max). Using an independent t-test, there were no significant differences between 30-minute and 60-minute exercise sessions in terms of mean changes (p&gt;0.05). This study showed that tele-exercise, even if it is done in a short period, 30-minute duration, may improve the overall aspect of fitness level significantly for obese employees. Moreover, in this pandemic time, this kind of program is a better alternative than face-to-face, direct exercise intervention.