Group Counseling Sessions Research Articles

Awareness, Beliefs and Practice of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Strategies for Chronic Pain Management Among Physiotherapists

Purpose: To evaluate the awareness, practice and beliefs about CBT strategies for chronic pain management among Physiotherapists. Relevance: Chronic pain can be defined as pain that persists for 3 months or longer and, while not necessarily maladaptive, often leads to physical decline, limited functional ability and emotional distress. CBT has been increasingly used as an effective tool by psychologists in the management of chronic pain that is delivered through individual or group counselling sessions. Cognitive restructuring, relaxation techniques, activity pacing and good sleep hygiene are a few strategies of cognitive behavioral pain management therapies. There is also increasing evidence that supports the use of CBT strategies by Physiotherapists during their treatment for obtaining a positive outcome for chronic pain patients. Method and Analysis: A Google Form was formulated with relevant questions about awareness, practice and beliefs about CBT strategies for chronic pain. The questionnaire was face validated by 3 independent psychologists who practice CBT for chronic pain in their regular practice. This form was then distributed through various Physiotherapy groups in Bangalore via snowball sampling method. The data obtained from the responses were then complied, decoded and quantitatively analysed through content analysis using the SPSS-22. Result: The result showed strikingly contrasting responses from the Physiotherapists, as even though the majority of them were aware of CBT (34.1%), they applied it relatively less (15.3%). Of 63.5% Physiotherapists believed that pain perception is affected by automatic thoughts, while 52.9% agreed that negative thoughts need to be changed into positive coping thoughts. Around 49.4% of Physiotherapists believe in teaching relaxation techniques to their patients with chronic pain. Activity pacing and good sleep hygiene are important, as believed by 25.9% and 47.1% respectively. Physiotherapists (56.5%) accepted that patient needs to be mindful while exercising. Conclusion: Majority of Physiotherapists are aware and have positive beliefs about CBT strategies for chronic pain management. However, comparatively, we can see variations in the application of CBT strategies in their treatment plan. KEY WORDS: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, chronic pain, Physiotherapy.

Developing Students' Religious Moderation through Group Counseling at Islamic Higher Education

Tolerance in social life is a need for Indonesian citizens. However, cases of intolerance and violence in the name of religion frequently occur in socia life and might influence students at university This research aims to assess the level of religious moderation comprehension among students at UIN (Universitas Islam Negeri/State Islamic University) Suska Riau through group counseling sessions. The study utilized a quantitative approach, employing a descriptive pre-experimental Intack Group Comparison design. The findings revealed that students' understanding of a moderate attitude significantly increased after participating in group counseling on moderation, with a positive score of 97.5% and a negative score of 2.4%. The inclusion of religious moderation as a theme in group counseling positively impacted students' comprehension and attitude towards religious moderation within society. Notably, two indicators, national commitment and tolerance, exhibited the most significant improvements, with respective increases of 35% and 29%. These results suggest that employing group counseling centered around religious moderation can serve as a model for enhancing students' understanding of religious moderation in society.

School Leaders’ Response to Rising Mental Health Concerns: A Collaborative School-Based Social Worker Pilot

Mental health challenges among students remain a complex and widespread problem facing school leaders. Though schools are a front-line pathway for providing mental health services, many struggling youth are not receiving the professional help they need (Atkins, Hoagwood, Kutash, & Seidman, 2010; Findlay, 2017). Creative and collaborative solutions are needed to bridge the mental health gap. School leader support is essential to the successful implementation of mental health interventions (Forman, Olin, Hoagwood, Crowe, & Saka, 2009). This paper summarizes the novel approach taken by school and community leaders in one rural Ontario community who jointly piloted a school-based social worker (SBSW) role to support secondary schools in two districts. Interviews with five district leaders (four involved in designing the intervention and the SBSW who piloted the role) reveal conditions necessary for the pilot to take place, as well as leader involvement in setting up, supporting, monitoring the new role. Interviews highlighted multiple ways which the pilot improved student mental well-ness: one-on-one and group counselling sessions, charting fresh pathways networks of support available to students, creating a safe space for student and staff drop-ins, among other benefits to schools and stakeholders involved in the pilot. Results also detail three challenges leaders encountered along the way: stakeholder agreement, role clarity, and the temporary design of the role. Findings underscore how school-based social workers show promise in addressing rising mental health challenges.

The Effect of Group Psychological Counseling Based on Solution-Focused Psychological Counseling Approach on the Level of Peer Bullying Experienced by Primary School Students Who have Experienced Peer Bullying

The aim of this research is to examine the effect of solution-focused psychological counseling based group counseling on primary school students. Data was collected from 95 students. As a result of the analyses, a randomly selected experimental group of nine people and a control group were formed. In the study, the Child Form of the Bullying Determine Scale was used as a data collection tool. The data was analyzed using the independent and paired sample t-test. The analyses were conducted using SPSS 26 at a significance level of .05. As a result of the analyzes made, it was found that the group counseling sessions based on solution-focused counseling applied to students who were exposed to peer bullying made a statistically significant difference in favor of the experimental group. In the control group, in which no counseling session was held, no change occurred. The findings obtained in the research were discussed in the context of the relevant literature.

Promoting Career Maturity through Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Group Counseling: A Pathway to Informed Decision-Making for Students

This article explores the potential of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in group counseling to enhance career maturity and informed decision-making among students. The concept of career maturity, defined as an individual's readiness and capability to make informed career decisions, is crucial in guiding students through the career decision-making process. Career guidance programs have been recognized as instrumental in fostering career maturity and informed decision-making. The integration of CBT in group counseling has been proposed as an effective approach to enhance career maturity. This systematic literature review examined various sources to gather empirical evidence and theoretical perspectives on the topic. The findings indicate that CBT-based group counseling sessions significantly improve students' career maturity and decision-making skills. The cognitive restructuring process inherent in CBT helps students challenge negative thoughts and develop confidence in their career decisions. The supportive environment of group counseling encourages interaction and mutual learning among participants. Despite promising results, the study acknowledges limitations, such as reliance on self-reported measures. It recommends further research to explore long-term effects and encourages educational institutions and career counselors to incorporate CBT-based group counseling sessions into their programs. The article contributes to the expanding body of knowledge on CBT's role in enhancing career maturity and decision-making and provides insights for educators, counselors, and researchers in this field.

IMPLEMENTATION OF GROUP COUNSELING IN OVERCOMING CULTURE SHOCK FOR OVERSEAS STUDENTS OF UIN SUMATRA UTARA

This research aims to explore the application of group counseling in addressing the culture shock experienced by migrant students at UIN Sumatra Utara. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Primary data was obtained through interviews and observations of migrant students participating in group counseling sessions. The research findings indicate that the implementation of group counseling is effective in assisting migrant students in dealing with culture shock. Through group counseling sessions, migrant students can express their problems and discomfort arising from cultural differences. Discussions and interactions with fellow migrant students and group counseling facilitators provide emotional support, understanding, and self-adjustment strategies. The application of group counseling also helps migrant students gain new insights about themselves, and the new culture, and strengthen their social skills. In this process, group support and togetherness in addressing culture shock became important factors in the success of migrant students' adjustment.

Solution-focused group counseling: A solution to enhance students’ self-confidence

Self-confidence plays a pivotal role in developing an individual’s potentials. Solution-focused counseling approach views an individual as the only expert for his/her own life, and only they themselves are capable of making the best decision. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of solution-focused group counseling sessions in enhancing students' self-confidence. To this end, a pretest-posttest control group experimental study was conducted, involving twelve students of Public Islamic Senior High School 3 Langkat, who were assigned into two groups of six participants each. Data collected from self-confidence scale were analyzed using Wilcoxon Sign Test by identifying the difference in average improvement of self-confidence. The experimental group exhibited a significance value of 0.002 ( 0.005), indicating that the solution-focused group counseling could improve students’ self-confidence.

Burial workers’ perceptions of community resistance and support systems during an Ebola outbreak in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: a qualitative study

BackgroundCommunity Health Workers (CHWs) provide vital services during disease outbreaks. Appropriate burials of those who died from an infectious disease outbreak is a critical CHW function to prevent infection and disease spread. During the 2018 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in Beni Town, North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, we sought to understand the levels of understanding, trust, and cooperation of the community in response to the outbreak, the barriers burial workers faced in their health work and its impact on local burial workers and other CHWs.Methods12 EVD burial CHWs in Beni Town completed an hour-long qualitative in-depth interview on their experiences. They were recruited from a local counseling center. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and translated into English. A team of 3 researchers identified structural and emergent themes using applied thematic analysis.ResultsWorkers reported major misconceptions in the community surrounding the initiation of the outbreak. Community misconceptions were based on widespread governmental mistrust as well as a belief system that intertwines traditional and scientific understandings of the world. EVD burial workers identified violence directed at them and community misinformation as the two largest barriers to effectively carrying out their work. They named several important support systems including family and friends, personal relaxation techniques, and a local counseling center.ConclusionsAs with other disease outbreaks globally, we found that government mistrust and religious beliefs strongly impacted community perceptions of the EVD outbreak. Previous studies have demonstrated clinic-based medical personnel are often the targets of violence. Our research shows that burial workers were also targeted and exposed to extreme levels of violence in their work. Along with their ability to effectively respond to the outbreak, violence has a negative impact on their own mental wellbeing. Burial workers found group counseling sessions to be an effective tool for managing the stress associated with their work. Further developing and testing of group-based interventions for this group is a priority for future research.

Improvements in Cardiometabolic Effects and Body Composition Outcomes Following an Online 8-Week Plant-Based Dietary and Lifestyle Worksite Intervention

Plant-based diets may positively impact body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors. An online 8-week plant-based dietary and lifestyle worksite intervention was implemented in spring 2021 among staff ( n = 52) at a public university in the southwestern United States. Participants attended weekly online small group counseling sessions and healthy living workshops with cooking classes. All measures and fasting blood draws were completed at baseline and 8-week post-intervention with changes analyzed using paired sample t-tests. Multiple linear regressions examined associations among knowledge gained and online attendance with outcomes. Results from paired sample t-tests indicated numerous statistically significant improvements from baseline to 8-week post-intervention: total cholesterol (mg/dL) (MBL = 193 ± 39, MPI = 176 ± 36), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (mg/dL) (MBL = 110 ± 33, MPI = 98 ± 30), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) (MBL = 26.3 ± 6.3, MPI = 25.9 ± 6.1), fat mass (lb) (MBL = 62.0 ± 29.4, MPI = 60.3 ± 28.4), fat-free mass (lb) (MBL = 104.1 ± 29.4, MPI = 102.4 ± 19.6), phase angle (MBL = 5.1 ± .6, MPI = 5.0 ± .6), and diet quality (MBL = 62.4 ± 12.5, MPI = 75.2 ± 10.3). High-density lipoprotein cholestero l(HDL-C) decreased significantly (MBL = 65 ± 18, MPI = 61 ± 18). Knowledge negatively predicted LDL-C (B = −.226, P = .048) and positively predicted diet quality (B = .155, P = .021). Attendance at group sessions positively predicted phase angle (B = .055, P = .038). Findings demonstrate how a plant-based lifestyle can improve cardiometabolic health by reducing risk factors for chronic disease and enhancing body composition. Clinicians can support patients by encouraging plant-based diets.

Monday-Enhanced CEASE Program for Underserved Ethnic Minorities: a Mixed-Methods Study.

Due to the persistence of tobacco-related health disparities in the U.S., there is a need for innovative strategies to reach the underserved ethnic minority populations who are most at risk. As contemplations for health behavior modification tend to surge on Mondays, we explored the feasibility and effect of a Monday-enhanced smoking cessation program on quitting outcomes in a low-income ethnic minority community. To compare a Monday-enhanced with a standard Communities Engaged and Advocating for a Smoke-free Environment (CEASE) program and understand the overall experiences of participants in the program. In this mixed-methods study, affordable housing complexes (n = 4) and a church were randomly assigned either a Monday-enhanced (n = 3) or standard (n = 2) CEASE smoking cessation program. CEASE comprised twelve weekly group counseling sessions facilitated by trained peer motivators plus nicotine replacement products. Participants in the Monday-enhanced arm were encouraged to pick Mondays as a quitting day. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected during the program and at 3-month post-graduation. Seventy-seven participants were enrolled in the study arms. In both groups combined, tobacco consumption reduced from 7.7 to 5.6 cig/day (mean reduction, 2.1; 95% CI: 0.9 to 5.1, p = 0.08). Although no significant difference in quit rate was observed between the two arms, more participants completed the follow-up survey in the Monday-enhanced than standard CEASE program [82.4% vs. 36.0%, p < 0.05]. While qualitative data suggested an overall satisfaction of participants with the program, motivation for quitting was higher in the Monday-enhanced CEASE program compared to the standard CEASE program. The Monday-enhanced program is promising and may enhance participants' engagement and willingness to quit smoking, particularly in low-income ethnic minority communities. Further research should include larger sample sizes to better assess the efficacy of a Monday-enhanced program across diverse populations.

Effect of Centering Preoperative Counseling on Patient-Reported Anxiety in Patients with Gynecologic Malignancies

Objectives: Centering is a unique form of counseling that unifies education and supporting patients with similar conditions to facilitate learning and develop a mutual support network. This study's primary objective was to evaluate the effect of centering preoperative counseling on anxiety scores in patients with newly diagnosed gynecologic malignancies. Secondary outcomes included the effect of this form of counseling on depression, compliance with preoperative instructions, hospital length of stay, and use of unscheduled health care resources. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, women with known or suspected gynecologic malignancies were assigned to standard-of-care counseling or centering. The centering cohort participated in a 1–1.5 hour online group-counseling session before surgery. All participants completed Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) anxiety and depression patient-reported outcome (PRO) surveys at baseline, preoperatively, and 4 weeks postoperatively. Paired and unpaired t-tests were used to evaluate differences in PROs between timepoints and between the cohorts. χ2, Fisher's exact, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to evaluate secondary outcomes. Results: There were 17 patients in the standard-of-care cohort and 52 patients in the intervention cohort evaluated. The centering group had a reduction of 4.8 points in anxiety scores after the intervention. There was no difference in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery compliance or utilization of unscheduled health care resources between the 2 cohorts. Conclusions: Centering preoperative counseling meaningfully reduces anxiety scores in patients undergoing surgery for suspected gynecologic malignancy. (J GYNECOL SURG 39:74)

The past, present and future of the Prison Chaplaincy Service, presented in an irregular interview

The activity and operation of the Prison Chaplain Service can effectively contribute to the realization of the professional objectives of the penitentiary organization, but in the optimal case it clearly supports incident-free, safe detention, increasing the willingness of prisoners to cooperate, and the development of realistic goals for reintegration after their release. It is important that, in daily practice, the prison chaplains serving in penitentiary institutions, with the individual and group counseling activities and sessions they provide, complement the sessions held by reintegration officers and psychologists, thereby also strengthening dynamic security, in view of the recent increase in the number of prisoners. In the case of prison chaplains, it is important to point out that their civil, pastoral vocation is somewhat overridden by their status as prison chaplain, which imposes additional duties on them, as they not only have to act as a representative of their own church as chaplains, but also deal with prisoners belonging to other denominations as prison chaplains. In some cases, all of this can be accompanied by a kind of role conflict, despite this, the prison chaplains resolve their internal conflicts and try to support the enforcement of the punishment goals with their operations and professional activities. Almost eight years have passed since the interview about the prison chaplain service was published, so in view of the time that has passed and the changes that have taken place in the meantime, it is certainly relevant to interview the prison chaplaincy coordinators of the Roman Catholic, Reformed and Evangelical denominations, as well as the Israelite prison chaplain with national jurisdiction, in an irregular interview.

Investigating the Effect of Stress Management Counseling on the Sexual Function of Infertile Women

Background: Sexual dysfunction is one of the most common causes of family breakdown. In recent years, different approaches have been used to solve this problem. Due to the negative effects of sexual dysfunction in women and its complications. Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of stress management counseling on the sexual function of infertile women referred to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan. Methods: The present study was conducted as a randomized two-group clinical trial with two pretest and post-test stages on 104 eligible women referring to Fatemieh Hospital in Hamadan in 2017-2018. Intervention group subjects received 4 two-hour group counseling sessions with a cognitive- behavioral approach on sexual issues. Data were obtained using two questionnaires of demographic characteristics and the Female Sexual Function Index. To analyze the data, SPSS version 21 software and paired t-test, independent t-test, and analysis of covariance were used. The level of significance was considered to be less than 0.05. Results: The results of the present study showed that the mean scores in all areas of total sexual function did not differ significantly before the intervention in two groups. However, after stress management counseling, a significant increase was observed in all areas and general sexual function in the intervention group compared to the control group (P &lt;0.05). Conclusion: Stress management counseling in infertile women can play a positive and effective role in improving sexual function. Therefore, the effectiveness of this counseling in promoting sexual function can be confirmed with more confidence. Registeration No: The study was registered at the Iranian Registration Clinical Trials (IRCT201704149014N158) by I IRCT.

Promoting Shared Decision Making About Birth After Cesarean in Haitian Women.

This was a pilot to develop culturally appropriate group counseling sessions for shared decision making about modes of birth after cesarean for Haitian Creole speakers. The curriculum was created by incorporating information identified by women and their providers in focus groups through the lens of Health Belief Model. Ten women attended a session. There was a 50% increase in women planning to labor after cesarean; nine stated the session gave them confidence to decide about their mode of birth; all were "very satisfied" with the session and would recommend it to others. The session was accepted as a method to improve women's decision making, feasible, effective, and could be integrated to improve shared decision making discussions for other non-English speaking women.

The effects of group counseling and self-affirmation on stigma and group relationship development: A replication and extension.

The stigma of seeking counseling and negative attitudes about counseling are primary barriers to its use. In the only known study examining the utility of attending a group counseling session to ameliorate stigma (no control group), participation was associated with reductions in self-stigma (Wade et al., 2011). Self-affirmation interventions have shown promising results in reducing stigma and promoting positive expectations about counseling, but no research has examined its effects on a counseling session. In the present, two-part study, 172 college students who had previously completed an online screening survey, including measures of stigma, participated in a single session of group counseling at a mental health clinic. Upon arrival, participants completed a self-affirmation intervention before viewing psychoeducation (n = 66; 12 groups) or only viewed psychoeducation (n = 72; 14 groups); both groups then completed a session of group counseling. After, participants completed these same measures along with measures of group relationships. The remaining participants (n = 34; 7 groups) viewed psychoeducation and completed the same stigma measures before being informed of randomization to the wait-list control condition. Our results replicate and extend findings from Wade et al. (2011): Completing a single session of group counseling reduced self-stigma and promoted positive attitudes toward counseling. Further, completing self-affirmation reduced postsession perceptions of public stigma. Self-affirmation had no impact on group relationships. Overall, findings suggest the utility of offering a "try-out" session of group counseling as a stigma-reduction intervention; preceding with a brief self-affirmation intervention provides further benefits by reducing perceptions of public stigma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Perspectives on Spanish language concordant cancer genetic counseling sessions from the Spanish-speaking population.

Genetic counselors (GCs) provide risk assessment, education, and counseling about the genetic contribution to disease. To do so, they must effectively communicate, build rapport, and help patients make the best decisions for themselves and their families. Language barriers add a complex layer to this patient-provider dynamic. While interpreters serve as a primary solution when a patient and GC speak different languages, issues have been documented with these sessions, such as misinterpreted genetic terminology (Gutierrez et al., 2017). Having a GC with concordant language skills may help address these barriers. The purpose of this study was to assess Spanish-speaking patients' perspectives on communication, decision-making, and the interpersonal relationship developed with a bilingual GC in language concordant cancer genetic counseling sessions. Spanish-speaking patients, ages 18 or older, seen by a Spanish-speaking GC at a California public, safety-net hospital were eligible to participate in this study. Nine participants were interviewed via telephone by the bilingual researcher using a semi-structured interview guide to assess three domains: communication, decision-making, and interpersonal relationship. Analyses of interview transcripts identified themes within these three areas of focus: (1) participants felt all explanations were clear and they were not afraid to ask questions in the session, (2) participants experienced preference-concordant decision making, and (3) participants felt empowered and supported by the GC. Participants suggested that GCs working with Spanish-speaking patients in the future should consider group counseling sessions, engaging in outreach efforts to educate the Spanish-speaking community about genetics, and increasing the number of GCs who speak Spanish. These results demonstrate the positive experiences of Spanish-speaking patients in language concordant cancer genetic counseling sessions and further support the need for recruitment of Spanish-speaking individuals into the profession. Future research should further assess the experience of Spanish-speaking patients in language concordant sessions and address the role of cultural concordance in sessions.

Tobacco cessation center in a dental college: An 8 year institution-based study.

Oral cancer is a major health concern in the Indian subcontinent, where it ranks among the top three types of cancer in the country. Tobacco and its products have been implicated as a major etiologic factor behind cancers. It is believed that tobacco is an epidemic in itself taking the death toll to 7 million globally. In India alone, mortality because of tobacco is more than 1.3 million. Dentists are the first to notice any change in the oral cavity or come across any suspicious looking oral lesion and therefore are instrumental in primary prevention and care. The present study data are of the patients enrolled in a Tobacco Cessation Center(TCC) at a Dental College in Meerut in Meerut from May 2012 (since its inception) to March 2020. The following methods of counseling were carried out: group counseling, interactive sessions, audio-visual aids, and individual counseling sessions. Self-training for oral cavity examination was also given after every group counseling session. Behavioral counseling and pharmacological intervention were given as per Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score. At the end of 1 year, patients who quit were graded into 0, 1, and 2, with 0 for those who failed to quit, 1 for those who did completely quit, and 2 for those who reduced their habit by more than 50%. The quit rate achieved was 57.6% (complete responders -43.2% and partial responders 14.4%). The relapse reported was 1.8%. A Tobacco cessation Center set up in a Dental College could be of great help in the primary prevention of oral cancer and can bring a drastic increase in quit rates. Proper counseling skills once nurtured in young under-graduates can boost the tobacco-free India campaign.

The effect of virtual reality therapy and counseling on students' public speaking anxiety.

Background and AimsOne of the barriers to effective communication between speaker and listeners is public speaking anxiety (PSA). Over recent years, PSA has become common among students as the most widespread social anxiety (SA). Virtual reality (VR) and counseling therapy help reduce PSA. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of VR therapy and counseling on students' PSA and SA.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study was conducted on 30 students at three levels of undergraduate, postgraduate, and PhD at Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (15 students in the intervention group and 15 in the control group). The intervention group observed four virtual classroom scenarios in a 30‐min session, and the control group attended a 90‐min group counseling session. Data were collected using by Personal Report of Public Speaking Anxiety, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, and Igroup Presence Questionnaire. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Descriptive analysis (frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation, and quartiles) and analytical tests (paired t‐test and independent t‐test) were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe results showed that VR and counseling did not affect SA scores and statistical differences before and after the intervention were not statistically significant. However, VR and counseling reduced PSA. The mean of IPQ/IGP (physical presence) was 63.73. The participants' SA means (93.76) were higher than the mean PSA (73.4).ConclusionsVR and counseling did not affect students' SA, but they reduced PSA. If the intervention duration in future studies are longer, the effect of VR and counseling on reducing SA is likely to become more apparent.

Emotions Management And Its Relationship To Psychological Stress Among Preparatory School Students

Emotions Management And Its Relationship To Psychological Stress Among Preparatory School Students Assist. Dr. Falah Hasan Ramadhan College of Basic Education / University of Mosul Falahhasan19811981@uomousl.edu.iq Abstract The aim of the current research is to identify the level of emotions and psychological stress management and its relationship to psychological stress among preparatory school students. The research sample consisted of (205) preparatory school students who were deliberately chosen from (14) schools from the right and left coasts of Mosul City (males and females), and for literature and scientific disciplines. The researcher used (Saleh, 2019) scale to measure the emotions management and (Shah, 2015) scale to measure psychological stress and after extracting the face validity and stability by presenting them to the experts by the test and retest method. The two scales were applied to the research sample and students’ answers were corrected. The data were treated statistically using Pearson correlation coefficient and the one-sample t-test and the test for significant significance correlation coefficient. The researcher reached the following results: - Preparatory school students have a good level of emotions management. - Students suffer from a high level of psychological stress. - There is an inverse correlation relationship between emotions management and psychological stress among preparatory students. In light of these results, the researcher identified a number of recommendations and suggestions, including: - Enhancing the level of emotions management among preparatory school students by educational counselors through group counseling sessions and demonstrating the importance of managing emotions in all of their lives.

훈련집단 집단원의 집단상담자 자기효능감이 회기평가에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effect of group counseling working alliance on the relationship between training group member's group leader self-efficacy and session evaluation of group counseling, as well as examine whether this path is moderated by group member-perceived group leader characteristics. Methods For this purpose, an on-line survey was conducted on the experiences of participating training group as a group member for counselors working across the country. Data from 285 participants were collected and analyzed by using SPSS 25.0 and Process Macro Program. First, the causal steps approach and bootstrapping were used to verify the mediating effect. Second, a hierarchical regression analysis and verification of conditional indirect effect were performed to verify moderating effect. Third, bootstrapping and Jonson-Neyman technique were applied to verify moderated mediating effect. Results The major results are as follows: First, a group counseling working alliance was found to partially mediate the relationship between group members' group leader self-efficacy and group counseling session evaluation. Second, the group leaders’ characteristics perceived by group members were found to moderate the relationship between group members' group leader self-efficacy and group counseling working alliance. Third, the moderated mediating effect was confirmed that group counseling working alliance mediated the path of group members’ group leader self-efficacy to group counseling session evaluation, and the group member-perceived group counselor characteristics moderated the relationship between group members’ group leader self-efficacy and working alliance of group counseling. Conclusions These results showed that the group member-perceived group leaders’ characteristics and the group counseling working alliance were significant in the process that the training group members’ group leader self-efficacy affected the group counseling session evaluation. Based on the study results, study Implications and limitations were discussed.