Group Behavior Research Articles

Cooperative behavior in multi-agent systems with intrinsic learners and extrinsic imitators

Under the framework of evolutionary games, how to update strategies when individuals interact with multiple neighbors at the same time is a key problem to understand the evolution of cooperation. At present, a widely known method is imitation updating. However, it is undeniable that when resources or capabilities are limited, it is difficult for individuals to obtain more comprehensive information about about their counterparts, resulting in imitation method no longer applicable. Reinforcement learning algorithms attract attention because players do not need to know information such as the opponent's payoff, and only adjust strategies based on their own experience and expectations. In view of this, we consider both imitation and reinforcement learning as two behavioral adjustment models, and explore the evolution of cooperative behavior in mixed populations of extrinsic imitators and intrinsic learners. Numerous simulations have shown that when the value of temptation to defect is small, there exists an optimal proportion of intrinsic learners bring group cooperation to its peak. However, in interactive environments with larger social dilemmas, intrinsic learners are effective in resisting betrayal and maintaining group behavior compared to traditional extrinsic imitators. The proposed model reflects the characteristics of seeking advantages, avoiding disadvantages, and imitation in biological groups, and provides new ideas for the design of new game models.

Evolutionary game analysis of government subsidies for reusable express packaging promotion

The increase in e-commerce and online shopping has resulted in a significant amount of packaging waste from express delivery, posing a considerable burden on the environment. To address this issue, reusable express packaging has emerged as one of potential solutions to reduce packaging waste in express delivery. This study analyzes the evolutionary stability strategy of local governments and express delivery enterprises by constructing an evolutionary game model. The model considers the limited rationality and group behavior of decision makers, as well as the economies of scale and diseconomies of scale in operating cost of reusable express packaging. Results indicate that the variability in the cost of reusable express packaging may lead to the simultaneous emergence of two evolutionary stability strategies, contrasting traditional evolutionary game studies. Due to the present low uptake of reusable express packaging among express companies, coupled with the lack of subsidies support from local governments, it is difficult to attain the optimal situation in which businesses actively utilize reusable express packaging. To accomplish this objective, it is crucial to establish subsidy amounts that are balanced and reasonable, rather than merely elevating them to the highest possible levels. The study proposes an optimal range for government subsidy levels and gives corresponding policy suggestions.

A novel high applicability link prediction based on biased random walks

Complex systems are prevalent in nature, and link prediction is crucial for analyzing these systems. This method has gained attention for its ability to uncover various irregular movements with underlying similarities. While individual particle behavior is unpredictable, the collective behavior of large groups can be forecasted more accurately. The variability at lower scales vs universal similarities at higher scales is often overlooked. To address this, we investigate the random walk process on directed networks at a global scale. We propose an improved link prediction method using biased random walks to enhance accuracy and applicability. We first define out-degree neighbors as valid transmission options to prevent conflicts with in-degree paths. We then analyze how out-degrees and in-degrees affect particle transition probabilities, guiding particles toward high out-degrees and low in-degrees for a sustainable process. Finally, we use particle stabilization probabilities at different nodes as a similarity measure for predicting potential connections. Our method improves prediction precision and practicality, as validated by experiments on nine real-world networks, showing significant gains in accuracy and AUC scores.

Harnessing Free Sulfate Groups in Glycosylation Reactions.

General strategies for synthesizing sulfated oligosaccharides employ the protection of sulfate groups for glycosylation or post-sulfation after the synthesis of oligosaccharides. However, the chemical behavior of free sulfate groups in glycosylation reactions has not been thoroughly studied. We examined several glycosyl donors with free sulfate groups, but neither glycosyl imidates nor thioglycosides achieved products. Conversely, activating 6-sulfated GalNAc donors with either a 2-NTroc group or 2-O-acetyl group using an ortho-hexynylbenzoate group at the anomeric position yielded β-glycosides in good yield. These results indicate that glycosylations with a free sulfate group can be performed and that the neighboring group participation of 2-NHTroc and 2-O-acetyl groups works even with an unprotected sulfate group at 6-position. Ab initio calculations supported the formation of acyloxionium-cation via 2-O-acyl participation. Additionally, glycosylation reactions under various counter cations of the sulfate group, such as Na+, Li+, K+, Ba2+ and pyridinium were examined. Results showed that sodium and lithium salt donors yielded the products in good yield. These results were also supported by ab initio calculations. Practical glycosylation reactions between disaccharide donor-acceptor pairs with free sulfate groups successfully yielded the sulfated tetrasaccharides. This study also discusses how a sodium salt acts as a protecting group during glycosylation.

The effectiveness of gratitude skill training on anticipatory social behavior, empathy, and happiness in female students with social anxiety

Using purposive sampling, 40 female students with social anxiety were selected and randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group and a control group (n = 20 each). The experimental group received nine 90-minute sessions of gratitude skill training, whereas the control group received no training. The research instruments included the Anticipatory Social Behavior Questionnaire, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and Oxford Happiness Scale. In the experimental group, the mean and standard deviation (±SD) of anticipatory social behavior, empathy, and happiness in the pretest stage were 34.06 (±3.12), 39.26 (±4.51), and 55.66 (±5.28), respectively; while in the posttest stage, the means (±SD) were 22.86 (±3.20), 61.60 (±7.98), and 69.13 (±9.49), respectively. The results demonstrated that gratitude skill training improved anticipatory social behavior (F = 114.07, p < .01), empathy (F = 55.96, p < .01), and happiness (F = 17.33, p < .01) in the experimental group.

Modeling of network public opinion communication based on social combustion theory under sudden social hot events.

Sudden social hot events spread rapidly in the Internet era, which can easily cause group behaviors. Therefore, studying the law of public opinion communication has important theoretical and practical significance for controlling public opinion. This paper constructs the DBUS (Divorced-Burning-Unburning-Stable) model according to the social combustion theory deduced from the analogy of natural combustion phenomena. This paper comprehensively considers the influence of individual characteristics and external environment on the dissemination of online public opinion, introduces indicators such as individuals' self-awareness ability, authority to reflect individual differences, and takes the surrounding individual influence as an external environment factor. Through simulations, we find that (1) the speed of public opinion communication and the dissipation speed are related to cognitive ability, conformity and the network structure; (2) the credibility of the government and the media and the transparency of the information released are the most important factors affecting the scale of public opinion communication; In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of the model established in this paper are verified by an example.

Photoinduced Anisotropy in Thin Films of Azobenzene-Containing Liquid Crystalline Supramolecular Complexes of Various Polymer Architecture.

Light patternable colorless liquid crystalline (LC) polymers are promising materials for functional photonic devices with broad applications in optical communication, diffractive optics, and displays. This work reports photoinduced optical anisotropy in thin films of azobenzene-containing (Azo) LC block copolymer supramolecular complexes, which can be decolorized after light patterning providing colorless patterned birefringent polymer films. The supramolecular complexes are prepared via intermolecular pyridine-phenol hydrogen bonding between a low-molecular-weight Azo phenol and host LC AB diblock and ABA triblock copolymers consisted of LC phenylbenzoate (PhM) blocks and poly(vinylpyridine) units. The molecular architecture of the host polymers and the morphological pattern formed by the complexes can affect orientational behavior of Azo groups under irradiation with linearly polarized light. Photoorientation of hydrogen-bonded Azo groups is accompanied by the cooperative orientation of non-photochromic PhM units, which form individual microphases and stabilize the orientation of Azo groups. This effect is specific for block copolymer complexes and it is absent for random copolymer complex, which is used as a reference sample. Optical anisotropy induced in films of the block copolymer complexes can be amplified by heating above the glass transition temperature and subsequent rinsing with diethyl ether allows colorless birefringent polymer films to be prepared.

Quorum sensing orchestrates parallel cell death pathways in Vibrio cholerae via Type 6 secretion-dependent and -independent mechanisms

Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication process that enables bacteria to coordinate group behaviors. In Vibrio cholerae colonies, a program of spatial-temporal cell death is among the QS-controlled traits. Cell death occurs in two phases, first along the colony rim, and subsequently, at the colony center. Both cell death phases are driven by the type 6 secretion system (T6SS). Here, we show that HapR, the master QS regulator, does not control t6ss gene expression nor T6SS-mediated killing activity. Nonetheless, a ΔhapR strain displays no cell death at the colony rim. RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses reveal that HapR activates expression of an operon containing four genes of unknown function, vca0646-0649. Epistasis and overexpression studies show that two of the genes, vca0646 and vca0647, are required to drive cell death in both a ΔhapR and a ΔhapR Δt6ss strain. Thus, vca0646-0649 are regulated by HapR but act independently of the T6SS machinery to cause cell death, suggesting that a second, parallel pathway to cell death exists in V. cholerae.

The Use of Information and Communication Technologies Among Generation X in Serbia: A Comparison Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

The aim of this paper is to examine the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) among Generation X in the years before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic brought significant changes in digital technology usage and accelerated shifts in work, communication, and societal functioning. Generation X, comprising individuals born between the 1960s and 1980s, grew up during a time when digital technologies and the internet were not as prevalent. Given that they now live and work in a digital era, it is crucial to understand how they adapt to the rapid changes driven by digitalization. For this research, microdata from the study "The Usage of Information and Communication Technology by Individuals/Households in the Republic of Serbia" was analyzed for the years 2019 and 2023. Results show a slight increase in internet and computer use, particularly among younger members of Generation X. Additionally, 2023 saw a noticeable rise in online shopping and the use of communication services that gained popularity during the lockdown. Regarding public administration services, respondents in 2023 primarily accessed services related to the pandemic, such as vaccine information and green certificates. However, a significant number of respondents, 49%, did not use public services in either 2019 or 2023, suggesting potential issues with trust or perceived complexity. The main contribution of this paper is a detailed analysis of this group's behavior before and after the pandemic, focusing on ICT use and responses to changes triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Effectiveness of the Individualized Self-Care Program Based on Orem’s Self-Care Theory: Impact on Learning Needs and Self-Care Behaviors Following Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery – A Randomized Controlled Trial

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the specific learning needs of patients within the experimental group after receiving the Individualized Self-Care Program (ISCP) at two key time points: Time 2 (Day 2, Week 1) and Time 3 (Day 15, Week 3). Furthermore, it aimed to compare the effectiveness of the ISCP in improving self-care behavior between the experimental group and the control group, which received standard health education. MethodsThe study utilized a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design and included a consecutive sample of 128 patients who had undergone their first CABG procedure. These patients were randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group (n = 64) and the control group (n = 64). The experimental group received an ISCP at Time 2 and Time 3 after being discharged, whereas the control group received standard health education. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests to assess differences in learning needs over time and Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the effectiveness of the ISCP on self-care behavior. ResultsA paired t-test indicated a statistically significant difference in the total number of learning needs identified within the experimental group between Time 2 and Time 3 assessments. Patients in the experimental group initially identified more learning needs at Time 2 (4.3±1.5), but their knowledge significantly improved at Time 3, leading to fewer learning needs (2.6±1.1). Furthermore, an ANOVA comparing the experimental and control groups showed that the ISCP effectively improved self-care behavior in the experimental group, with significantly greater improvements compared to the control group, which received standard health education. ConclusionISCP delivered in early recovery enhances self-care behaviors and addresses postdischarge gaps. The study also revealed that patients' learning needs change over time during home recovery, emphasizing the importance of tailored self-care programs for CABG patients after discharge.

An evacuation model considering pedestrian group behavior under violent attacks

In recent years, violent attacks have garnered significant attention from the international community and gradually evolved into a global issue. In responding to such emergencies, effective emergency evacuation is an essential means to ensure public safety. In order to explore the pedestrian evacuation dynamics in violent attacks and understand the behavioral characteristics of individuals and the dynamic interactions of groups during the evacuation process, this paper proposes an agent-based cellular automata evacuation model. First, each agent is assigned several internal attributes such as life value, panic value, and movement speed, and the assignments fully take into account the heterogeneity of individuals. Next, by setting the attack strategy of attackers and the evacuation mechanism of pedestrians, the complex system is modeled from a microscopic perspective. Finally, the effects of critical factors on the pedestrian evacuation process, such as panic coefficient, crowd structure, group ratio, attack distance and intensity, attacker location and number, and counterattack probability, are discussed through simulation. The results show that the tension caused by moderate panic is beneficial, but excessive panic will lead to increased evacuation time and fatalities. Meanwhile, the group behavior among pedestrians causes them to move relatively lagging, and the evacuation efficiency decreases as the group scale increases. Additionally, increases in attack intensity, attack distance, and attacker number all result in more casualties, and the consequences are most severe when multiple attackers operate separately, but counterattacks by pedestrians can significantly improve the overall safety of evacuation. Our study can provide some reference and basis for emergency management under violent attacks.

School District Housing Buyers and Educational Investment Returns: A Case Study of X District in Shanghai

As a dual carrier of educational resources and economic assets, school district housing has become an important tool for family educational investment and social class reproduction. This paper takes Shanghai's X District as an example to explore, from a sociological perspective, the purchasing behaviors of different groups regarding school district housing and their educational investment returns. It reveals the key role of school district housing in the accumulation of cultural and social capital. The study finds that high-income families, the middle class, and the working class in X District exhibit different demand tendencies when purchasing school district housing, reflecting goals of obtaining high-quality educational resources, expanding social capital, and achieving upward social mobility, respectively. The phenomenon of school district housing exacerbates the imbalance in the distribution of educational resources and limits social mobility.

Artificial intelligence in teaching social disciplines: Opportunities and challenges of tools

Based on the analysis of scientific sources and practical experience in teaching social disciplines, the article reveals the role and problems of using AI in the system of higher education. The scientific opinion about the inevitability of using AI, despite its risks, in teaching social disciplines is expressed. A comparative analysis of the subject area, conceptual apparatus, functional purpose and research methods of social disciplines is carried out. Similar features are revealed, the basis of which is their focus on the scientific study of the social and psychological behaviour of individuals, social groups and communities. On the example of didactic methods of teaching social disciplines in higher education, the expediency of using AI tools in the process of teaching is substantiated. Their main capabilities are personalised learning, forecasting and trend analysis, data visualisation, simulations and virtual laboratories, speech, video and voice interfaces, assessment tools, and generation of comments and feedback. Clarification of the principles and main possibilities of using AI tools has revealed the main problems, which include ethics, reliability, transparency, insufficient professional training of teachers and imperfect legal support. We outline prospects for further research on the peculiarities of using AI tools to teach social disciplines in higher education.

Systematic development of a complex intervention: a theory and evidence-based physiotherapist led group intervention to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour following bariatric surgery (PARIS)

ObjectivesTo describe the systematic development of a physiotherapist led group behaviour change intervention targeting physical activity and sedentary behaviour in individuals who have undergone bariatric surgery. Study designIntervention development including evidence synthesis, qualitative research and mapping of intervention components, using the 2008 MRC framework for complex interventions. MethodsWe conducted a systematic review to identify the evidence for promising interventions and components to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour following bariatric surgery. We also conducted primary qualitative research exploring these behaviours with three key stakeholder groups: patients, clinicians and commissioners. We selected two contemporary behaviour change frameworks to inform intervention development and developed a conceptual matrix in which intervention objectives were defined to inform selection of appropriate behaviour change techniques, proposed mechanisms of action(s), and mode of delivery. We also developed two intervention handbooks for participants and facilitators to support delivery and receipt of the intervention. ResultsWe have developed a behaviour change intervention targeting physical activity and sedentary behaviour in patients following bariatric surgery. Eight intervention objectives were defined and mapped to the Behaviour Change Wheel and Theoretical Domains Framework. We identified what the intervention must be able to do (intervention functions), behaviour change techniques that could be used to achieve this, the proposed mechanism of action, and mode of delivery. This intervention will be subject to a feasibility study, with the intervention delivered online over a six-week period to participants who have had bariatric surgery within the previous five years. Contribution of the Paper•This paper clearly explains the process involved in developing a theory and evidence-based physiotherapy-led complex behaviour change intervention.•The full specification of the intervention including proposed mechanism of effect has been provided, which should facilitate faithful intervention delivery and allow it to be comprehensively evaluated in a planned feasibility study.•This paper aims to enable physiotherapists to develop their own complex interventions, targeting behaviours that are relevant to their patients in their own areas of clinical practice.

An unsupervised group detection method for understanding group dynamics in crowds

Pedestrian groups arrive in large numbers in crowd gatherings, especially of a spiritual nature. Various studies have been done on crowd control in public spaces by analysing the behaviour of pedestrian groups. Understanding group dynamics can help better plan pedestrian facilities and large events. Many existing group sensing models primarily determine social bonding between pedestrians using spatiotemporal parameters, such as distance, directional movement, and overlapping time. However, social bonding determined based on these parameters assumes the bonding to be symmetric, spatially and temporally static and is unaffected by neighbourhood. Our study addresses the issue by relaxing such assumptions and developing an unsupervised group detection model based on potential candidates. The proposed model can handle temporal and spatial variations more effectively than those based on simple spatiotemporal parameters. The model developed is assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. New metrics are introduced for quantitative evaluation, comparing predicted groups and ground truth instead of pedestrian pairs with ground truth. A visualisation method is developed for the qualitative assessment. Group splits and group merges are calculated to assist in understanding crowd movement patterns. Overall, this study helps in further exploring and assessing groups, which can improve understanding of crowd dynamics.

Rapid predator-prey balance shift follows critical-population-density transmission between cod (Gadus morhua) and capelin (Mallotus villosus)

Sensing limitations have impeded knowledge about how individual predator-prey interactions build to organized multi-species group behaviour across an ecosystem. Population densities of overlapping interacting oceanic fish predator and prey species, however, can be instantaneously distinguished and quantified from roughly the elemental individual to spatial scales spanning thousands of square kilometres by wide-area multispectral underwater-acoustic sensing, as shown here. This enables fundamental mechanisms behind large-scale ordered predator-prey interactions to be investigated. Critical population densities that transition random individual behaviour to ordered group behaviour are found to rapidly propagate to form vast adversarial prey and predator shoals of capelin and surrounding cod in the Barents Sea Arctic ecosystem for these keystone species. This leads to a sudden major shift in predator-prey balance. Only a small change in local behaviour triggers the shift due to an unstable equilibrium. Such unstable equilibria and associated balance shifts at predation hotspots are often overlooked as blind spots in present ocean ecosystem monitoring and assessment due to use of highly undersampled spatio-temporal sampling methods.

The Effect of Flashcard Education on Premarital Sexual Behavior in Adolescent

Background: Adolescent who experience puberty in their bodies appear sex hormones that begin to work, resulting in a sense of attraction to the opposite sex. Premarital sex is a behavior that is carried out based on sexual desire in adolescents. Adolescent knowledge and sources of information received by adolescents are important points in efforts to prevent premarital sexual behavior. The preventive efforts can be done by providing education about the right information through various methods and media. One of them is education using flashcard media. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of education on premarital sexual behavior using flashcard media. Methods: This study design was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post test design with control group. The number of samples were 60 which were divided into two groups and the inclusion criteria being adolescents aged 15-17 years and were or had been dating. The intervention group received treatment in the form of pre-marital sexual behavior education with flashcard media. The control group received pre-marital sexual behavior education using the lecture method. Before and after the intervention, researchers conducted a pretest and posttest using a pre-marital sexual behavior questionnaire and data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: There was a difference in the average score of premarital sexual behavior in the intervention group after receiving flashcard education intervention with p value = 0.010 (p &lt;0.05). Conclusion: Education using flashcard affects premarital sexual behavior in adolescents. Preventive and promotive efforts of premarital sexual behavior in adolescents using flashcard media are an alternative for nurses in providing counseling.

Vaginal self-sampling for HPV in the context of cervical cancer screening

Abstract Background Effective cervical cancer screening programme has the potential to improve disease outcomes, yet women’s participation rates in Latvia remain suboptimal. Utilizing vaginal self-sampling for HPV, a convenient method, has demonstrated efficacy in boosting participation in under-screened populations. We analysed sociodemographic factors, as well as health behaviours with the preference for vaginal self-sampling procedures for early detection of cervical cancer. Methods Cross-sectional survey (2021-2022) included 1313 women in Latvia. Sampling was done in the colposcopy clinic and among GP practices. In the univariate analysis cervical cancer examination preference (self-test or by a physician) was analysed in association sociodemographic factors, participation in the screening, HPV status, study group, and health-related behaviour. Financed by “Internal consolidation of RSU and external consolidation of RSU with LSPA” (No. 5.2.1.1.i.0/2/24/I/CFLA/005), The EU Recovery and Resilience plan and the state budget, Grant Nr. RSU-PAG-2024/1-0016. Results 48.6 % (n = 538) of the women would prefer to use a vaginal self-test. Higher odds of the vaginal self-test preference were observed among Latvian (OR = 1.4 (1.1-1.8) vs other nationality women, but no other sociodemographic factors showed statistically significant associations. Women in the colposcopy study group (vs GP practices) were more likely to utilize self-sampling (OR = 1.8 (1.4-2.5). Non-participation in cervical cancer screening was related to 2.4 (1.6-3.6) higher odds of self-test preference, but knowledge about screening was related to 1.5 (1.1-2.0) times higher odds. Women who were HPV-negative were more likely to prefer vaginal self-test for HPV (OR = 1.4 (1.1-1.8) in comparison to HPV-positive women. Health-related behaviour did not show any associations. Conclusions Vaginal self-test for HPV can be effectively used to reach under-screened populations and enhance cervical cancer screening coverage. Key messages • The implementation of vaginal self-sampling for HPV testing has the potential to improve participation rates in cervical cancer screening programs among under-screened populations. • Outreach and education activities tailored to specific target groups in population could enhance level of the cervical cancer screening uptake.

Impact of a physical exercise intervention on psychological resilience and mental ill-being in medical-naïve children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot randomised controlled trial

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate whether a 12-week physical exercise intervention would improve psychological resilience and mental ill-being (e.g. internalising and externalising symptoms) in medical-naïve children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In a parallel two-group randomised controlled trial (RCT) design, 30 children between 8–12 years (Mage = 8.62 ± 1.37) formally diagnosed with ADHD were assigned to a 12-week physical exercise intervention group (three sessions per week for 60 mins, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA] intensity) or a control group (treatment as usual). Psychological resilience was measured by a self-reported Chinese version of the 25-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and mental ill-being was assessed by a parent-reported Chinese version of the 113-item Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist. The 12-week physical exercise intervention with MVPA level revealed a significant improvement in psychological resilience (F = 4.82, p = .038) and a significant reduction in internalising symptoms (e.g. anxiety/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, and somatic complaints) (F = 7.11, p = .013) and externalising symptoms (e.g. rule-breaking behaviour and aggressive behaviour) (F = 21.09, p < .001) in the intervention group but not in the control group. Moderate correlations were revealed between the changes in psychological resilience and the changes in internalizing (r = -.557, p = .031) and externalising symptoms (r = -.647, p = .009) in the intervention groups (n = 15). The findings of this study provide initial support for the efficacy of physical exercise intervention on psychological resilience and mental ill-being and for the potential mechanisms of psychological resilience under the effects of exercise-induced mental ill-being improvements in children with ADHD.

The impact of early speech and language cognitive training care on the developmental quotient of children with language impairments: A retrospective study.

This study aims to investigate the effects of early speech and language cognitive training on the nursing outcomes of children with language impairments and their impact on developmental quotient. From October 2018 to October 2023, the data of 80 children with language impairments treated at our hospital were selected. They were divided into an observation group (n = 40) and a control group (n = 40) based on the treatment plan. The control group received routine rehabilitation training, while the observation group received early cognitive language rehabilitation training. The treatment efficacy of the 2 groups, as well as differences in Gesell Developmental Schedule scores and serum indicators before and after treatment, were observed and analyzed. The treatment efficacy in the observation group was superior to that in the control group (P < .05), with a total effective rate of 92.50% in the observation group. After 6 months of treatment, the scores for adaptability, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, personal-social behavior, and language development quotient in the observation group were (77.41 ± 10.21), (77.15 ± 10.43), (80.43 ± 11.19), (71.14 ± 10.42), and (81.21 ± 12.03), respectively, significantly higher than those in the control group (P < .05). After 6 months of treatment, the mental development index and psychomotor development index in the observation group were (107.28 ± 10.43) and (96.60 ± 9.03), respectively, which were markedly higher than those in the control group (P < .05). After 6 months of treatment, the serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3], and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the observation group were (52.43 ± 9.44) ng/mL, (31.45 ± 4.82) ng/mL, and (76.65 ± 10.54) µmol/mL, respectively. These levels were not significantly different from those in the control group (P > .05). The blood flow velocities of the middle cerebral artery, anterior cerebral artery, basal artery, and vertebral artery in the observation group and control group were compared after 6 months of treatment (P > .05). Early speech and cognitive training have shown promising efficacy in the treatment of language disorders, as it can improve developmental quotient in affected children and increase serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1, 25(OH)D3, and gamma-aminobutyric acid.