Group A1 Research Articles

(118) Treatment Postcovid Hypogonadism with Autologous Stem Cells and PRP

Abstract Introduction COVID-19 affects ACE receptors, causing autoimmune processes that damage testicular tissue, disrupting the processes of spermatogenesis and testosterone production. Recently, we have seen an increasing number of patients with erectile dysfunction ED appearing 3–6 month safter COVID-19 and prolonging for years. Objective The aim of our study was to determine effectiveness of hormone stimulating and replacement therapy, possibility of restorative therapy with autologous stem cells (ASC) and Plasma rich Platelets (PRP) –therapy in patients with hypogonadism. Methods 117 patients with ED, which appeared 3–6 months after COVID-19. All patients except ED had clinical signs of decreased testosterone: decreased libido, mental and cognitive functions, decreased performance, fatigue. Testosterone fractions (total and free), LH, Estradiol, FSH before, during and after rehabilitation therapy were studied. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st- 68 patients with real hypogonadism (Tm = 7.43 + 2.1 below 12 nmol / l), and 2nd - 49 patients with relative hypogonadism (Tm = 14.1 + 1.8 above 12 nmol / l). l), they were studied the sensitivity of tissue receptors to testosterone. Results First group - patients were prescribed Tribulus terrestris extract 45% - 750 mg, Fenugreek extract 50% - 25 mg twice a day for 2 months. 37 patients (54.4%), group 1a (mean age 41.6 + 4.3) responded to therapy by normalizing the level of T (more than 12 nmol/l) and improving erectile function, 31 patients (45.6%), group 1b (average age 47.3 + 5.2) without the effect of herbal medicine prescribed testosterone Omnadren 250 1 time in 3 weeks. After 2 months of hormone replacement therapy, 28 patients were diagnosed with normal T levels, but only 19 patients (61.2%) in group 1b improved their erectile function. Second group - 49 patients were also prescribed Tribulus terrestris extract 45% - 750 mg, Fenugreek extract 50% - 25 mg twice a day for 2 months and PRP therapy (intracavernous injections of 2 ml of autoplasma with a platelet concentration greater than 1 million/ml) 1 time in 10 days 8 times. 23 patients - group 2a responded to therapy with the disappearance of symptoms of hypogonadism and improvement of ED. 26 patients - group 2b – did not have significant improvements, so they received 2 courses of 5 intravenous injections of 5 million autologous stem cells (50 millionin total). 17 patients (65.4% of group 2b) improved their mental health, reduction of symptoms of hypogonadism, improvement of erectile function to normal values (IIEF -5 increased to 19.4 + 2.2). Conclusions 1. Multicenter studies of the effect of COVID-19 on fertile and androgenic function in men and the possibility of their recovery in postpartum pathology are still needed and should be prolonged. 2. A significant proportion of men with postcovid hypogonadism and ED are men with normal levels of T, but reduced sensitivity of tissue receptors to T (relative hypogonadism). 3. In the treatment of relative postcovid hypogonadism, intracavernous PRP therapy and intravenous stem cell therapy have a clinical effect and can be considered as promising treatments for this pathology. Disclosure No.

The Association of Leptin Receptor Gene Q223R Polymorphism with Obesity in the Yakut Population

Background: This study aimed to compare the frequencies of alleles and genotypes of the LEPR Q223R SNP in the Yakut population in samples with normal BMI and obesity and compare the data obtained with other populations worldwide. Methods and Results: The study included 336 DNA samples from volunteers of Yakut nationality (117 women and 219 men) without chronic diseases, whose average age was 47.4±0.06 years. All volunteers were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n=151) with normal BMI and Group 2 (n=185) with obesity. Group 2 was divided into two subgroups: Group 2A (n=156) with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 plus OA and Group 2B (n=29) with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and without abdominal obesity.The study of the LEPR Q223R SNP was performed using the PCR-RFLP method. The frequency of the G allele of the LEPR Q223R SNP was 79.5% in Group 1 and 82.7% in Group 2. Analysis showed a high frequency of genotype GG: 64.2% and 69.7% in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. The frequency of the GA genotype was 30.5% in Group 1 and 25.9% in Group 2.The frequency of alleles and genotypes does not differ in the sample of Yakuts with normal BMI and those with obesity. There are also no differences in the frequency of alleles and genotypes based on gender and the presence of abdominal obesity.The high frequency of the G allele in the Yakut population is close to that observed in East Asian populations (86.9%). There was no statistical difference in allele frequencies in comparison with the populations of Han Chinese from Beijing, Japanese from Tokyo, and Vietnamese from Ho Chi Minh City. In European, African, American, and South Asian populations, the G allele occurs with a frequency of 43.7% to 59.2%. Conclusion: The LEPR Q223R SNP does not affect BMI in the Yakut population. In this study, Q223R allele frequencies were like allele frequencies in East Asian populations but not in Caucasians, reflecting racial diversity in the allele distribution of this polymorphism.

AnDREB5.1, a A5 group DREB gene from desert shrub Ammopiptanthus nanus, confers osmotic and cold stress tolerances in transgenic tobacco.

The Dehydration-Responsive Element Binding (DREB) subfamily of transcription factors plays crucial roles in plant abiotic stress response. Ammopiptanthus nanus (A. nanus) is an eremophyte exhibiting remarkable tolerance to environmental stress and DREB proteins may contribute to its tolerance to water deficit and low-temperature stress. In the present study, an A. nanus DREB A5 group transcription factor gene, AnDREB5.1, was isolated and characterized in terms of structure and function in abiotic stress tolerance. AnDREB5.1 protein is distributed in the nucleus, possesses transactivation capacity, and is capable of binding to DRE core cis-acting element. The transcription of AnDREB5.1 was induced under osmotic and cold stress. Tobacco seedlings overexpressing AnDREB5.1 displayed higher tolerance to cold stress, osmotic stress, and oxidative stress compared to wild-type tobacco (WT). Under osmotic and cold stress, overexpression of AnDREB5.1 increased antioxidant enzyme activity in tobacco leaves, inhibiting excessive elevation of ROS levels. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that overexpression of AnDREB5.1 raised the tolerance of transgenic tobacco seedlings to abiotic stress by regulating multiple genes, including antioxidant enzymes, transcription factors, and stress-tolerant related functional genes like NtCOR413 and NtLEA14. This study provides new evidence for understanding the potential roles of the DREB A5 subgroup members in plants.

Cannabidiol Intervention for Muscular Tension, Pain, and Sleep Bruxism Intensity-A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are the most prevalent non-dental pain issues in the maxillofacial region. Despite advancements, diagnosing and managing TMDs continues to pose challenges. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of cannabidiol (CBD) formulations, with different concentrations, in patients experiencing sleep bruxism and muscle-related TMDs, with a particular emphasis on their myorelaxant, pain-relieving, and bruxism-reducing properties. Methods: The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMDs) was utilized as the diagnostic framework. Sixty patients completed the study, which followed a parallel-group, three-arm, randomized, double-blind clinical trial design, with a 1:1:1 allocation ratio across three groups: 1a, 1b, and 2. Groups 1a and 1b received CBD formulations at concentrations of 10% and 5%, respectively, while Group 2 received a placebo formulation. The trial consisted of four main visits, namely screening, baseline, first follow-up after 14 days, and second follow-up after 30 days, during which surface electromyography (sEMG), the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain assessment, and Bruxoff examinations were conducted. Results: The reduction in pain, as measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS), among patients using the 10% CBD formulation was 57.4% (p < 0.05), accompanied by a decrease in sEMG activity by 42.1% (p < 0.05). Conversely, individuals using the 5% CBD formulation experienced a 40.8% (p < 0.05) decrease in pain. Regarding the decrease in the sleep bruxism index, users of the 10% CBD formulation saw the highest reduction of 51% (p < 0.05). These findings underscore the efficacy of the proposed treatment in both experimental groups, with a notable advantage observed in Group 1a. Conversely, the outcomes of the selected variables for the control group did not exhibit significant differences throughout the study. Conclusions: The intraoral use of CBD formulations in patients with TMDs have proven to be a successful treatment for reducing pain, muscle tension, and bruxing activity in individuals with sleep bruxism and muscle-related TMDs. Specifically, a concentration of 10% CBD has demonstrated superior results compared to 5% CBD.

Microtensile Bond Strength of Self-Etch Adhesives on Dentin Treated with Chlorhexidine.

To evaluate the microtensile bond strength of self-etching adhesive systems in dentin treated with 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). The occlusal surfaces of 20 human molars were removed and divided into eight groups: 1A, Clearfil SE adhesive (SE) with self-etching technique (TS); 1B, SE with TS and previous application of CHX; 2A, Scotchbond Universal (SBU) adhesive with TS; 2B, SBU adhesive with TS and previous application of CHX; 1C, SE with total-etching technique (TT); 1D, SE with TT and previous application of CHX; 2C, SBU with TT; 2D SBU with TT and previous application of CHX. Composite resin (5mm) was applied on the hybridized surface. Samples were subjected to microtensile test and evaluated on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). Low values of bond strength were observed in groups 1A (39,77±11,56) and 2A (40,84±12,49) comparing with 1B (22,86±5,18) and 2B (27,02±5,58). TS group presented adhesive type remover fracture while TT groups presented cohesive at the top of hybrid layer. EDX revealed the presence of CHX crystals for TS, which was not found in the TT. The previous application of chlorhexidine on dentin decreased the bond strength of adhesive systems on self-etching technique.

Evaluation of Hemodynamic Changes and Fluid Response during Anesthesia in Lumbar Disc Hernias with Pleth Variability Index (PVI).

The study aimed to assess the pleth variability index (PVI) in patients undergoing lumbar disc herniation surgery under general and spinal anesthesia, exploring its correlation with fluid responsiveness, position, and hemodynamic parameters. Methods: This prospective study included 88 ASA 1-2 patients, aged 18-65, undergoing 1-3 h elective lumbar disc herniation surgery. Patients in groups GA and SA were observed for demographic, operative, and hemodynamic parameters at specified time points. (3) Results: PVI values were comparable between the GA and SA groups. After 250 mL of fluid loading, both groups showed a significant decrease in basal PVI at T2. Prone positions in GA exhibited higher PI values than in SA. The transition from a prone to supine position maintained PVI, while pulse and MAP decreased.; (4) Conclusions: PVI values were comparable in elective lumbar disc herniation surgery with general and spinal anesthesia. Both groups exhibited significant a PVI decrease at T2 after 250 mL of fluid loading, indicating fluid responsiveness. In general anesthesia, the prone position showed a lower MAP and higher PI values compared to spinal anesthesia. PVI and PI, sensitive to general anesthesia changes, could have beneficial additions to standard hemodynamic monitoring in spinal anesthesia management.

Astragalus polysaccharides, cinnamaldehyde and their complexes affected growth, physicochemical parameters, histomorphology and flesh quality of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)

Previously, antibiotic was crucial for aquaculture development, but brought many negative effects. Cinnamaldehyde (Cia) and Astragalus polysaccharides (Asp), bioactive ingredients from Astragalus membranaceus and Cinnamomum cassia, have been confirmed their benefits to livestock. This is the first study to investigate the impacts of Cia, Asp and their joint-effect on Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) growth, digestion, histomorphology and flesh quality. Fish with average weight of 72.48 ± 6.81 g were divided into 5 groups, fed with basal feed (M0); supplemented with 1 g Cia/kg diet (C1); 1.2 g Asp/kg (A1); compatibility of 1 g Cia and 1.2 g Asp/kg (CA1); 1 g Cia and 2 g Asp/kg (CA2) for 65-day. The results showed that growth, condition factor (CF) and survival rate (SR) were significantly improved in adding-groups. Especially, the greatest CF, SR, higher feed intake and conversion rate, apparent dry matter digestibility were all measured in CA1 group. The CA1 M. salmoides also exhibited higher triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, while total-cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol resulting in fat deposition descended in CA1 group. The activity of digestive enzymes markedly strengthened in A1 and CA1 treatments (P < 0.05). It is consistent with stronger digestive ability, the thinner muscle layers, longer villus, thicker columnar epithelium and lamina propria were found in CA1 and A1 groups. In addition, supplemented Asp was helpful to enhance antioxidant capacity of M. salmoides muscle, whilst reducing the malondialdehyde and lipid-peroxide. The nutritional composition was best in the CA1 fillets, richer in protein, least ash and fat. The histological characteristics were improved in CA1 muscles, which is the most resilient. However, most of above indices inhibited in CA2 group, particularly, the intestinal and liver damages occurred. On balance, the supplement with best aquaculture effects is CA1: 1 g Cia+1.2 g Asp/kg diet.

An intelligent grasper to provide real-time force feedback to shorten the learning curve in laparoscopic training

BackgroundA lack of force feedback in laparoscopic surgery often leads to a steep learning curve to the novices and traditional training system equipped with force feedback need a high educational cost. This study aimed to use a laparoscopic grasper providing force feedback in laparoscopic training which can assist in controlling of gripping forces and improve the learning processing of the novices.MethodsFirstly, we conducted a pre-experiment to verify the role of force feedback in gripping operations and establish the safe gripping force threshold for the tasks. Following this, we proceeded with a four-week training program. Unlike the novices without feedback (Group A2), the novices receiving feedback (Group B2) underwent training that included force feedback. Finally, we completed a follow-up period without providing force feedback to assess the training effect under different conditions. Real-time force parameters were recorded and compared.ResultsIn the pre-experiment, we set the gripping force threshold for the tasks based on the experienced surgeons’ performance. This is reasonable as the experienced surgeons have obtained adequate skill of handling grasper. The thresholds for task 1, 2, and 3 were set as 0.731 N, 1.203 N and 0.938 N, respectively. With force feedback, the gripping force applied by the novices with feedback (Group B1) was lower than that of the novices without feedback (Group A1) (p < 0.005). During the training period, the Group B2 takes 6 trails to achieve gripping force of 0.635 N, which is lower than the threshold line, whereas the Group A2 needs 11 trails, meaning that the learning curve of Group B2 was significantly shorter than that of Group A2. Additionally, during the follow-up period, there was no significant decline in force learning, and Group B2 demonstrated better control of gripping operations. The training with force feedback received positive evaluations.ConclusionOur study shows that using a grasper providing force feedback in laparoscopic training can help to control the gripping force and shorten the learning curve. It is anticipated that the laparoscopic grasper equipped with FBG sensor is promising to provide force feedback during laparoscopic training, which ultimately shows great potential in laparoscopic surgery.

The effect of swimming activity and feed restriction of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on water quality and fish-plant growth performance in aquaponics.

In this study, we investigated the effects of swimming activity and feed restriction on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in decoupled aquaponic systems. Our focus was on assessing their impact on water quality parameters within the aquaponic setup and evaluating the growth performance of the fish, including final weight (FW), condition factor (K), coefficient of variation (c.v.) in weight, specific growth rate (SGR), total feed intake (g/fish), feed conversion rate (FCR), hepatosomatic index (HSI), and viscerosomatic index (VSI), as well as the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. elmaria). The study involved 108 juvenile rainbow trout with an average initial weight of 26.54 ± 0.36 g and 60 ten-day-old lettuce seedlings, over a period of 42 days. We designed four treatment groups, each with three fish tanks: static ad libitum (SA), where fish were in static water conditions and fed to satiation; static restriction (SR), with fish in static water and a 25% feed restriction; current ad libitum (CA), where fish experienced forced swimming at 1 BL s-1; and current restriction (CR), with swimming exercise at 1 BL s-1 and a 25% feed restriction. Using a flow rate of 1 BL s-1 in the tanks for rainbow trout yielded several benefits. Notably, the fish in the CA group exhibited increased feed intake (60 ± 1.78 g fish-1) and enhanced fish growth with an FW of 91.72 ± 0.91 g, compared to the SA group (55.88 ± 0.88 g fish-1 for feed intake and 89.26 ± 0.81 g for FW). In contrast, the CR group showed a reduced feed intake (39.02 ± 2.78 g fish-1) and a lower FW (67.85 ± 1.49 g) compared to the CA group. In addition, the CA group demonstrated positive contributions to fish development with a reduced HSI (1.26 ± 0.02) in comparison to the SA group (1.56 ± 0.14). Inadequate nutrient provisioning in the SR and CR groups negatively impacted fish growth and system efficiency. Our findings suggest that optimizing water flow and feed benefits fish and plants and enhances system sustainability.

Changes in Cardiac Electrical Biomarker in Response to Coronary Arterial Occlusion: An Experimental Observation.

Cardiac electrical biomarker (CEB), an indicator of ischaemia-induced change in myocyte polarity, has been proposed for diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome. However, effect of coronary occlusion on CEB has not been demonstrated. CEB was acquired before (CEB0), during maximal adenosine hyperaemia (CEBhyp), balloon inflations (CEBmax) and 1 (CEB1h), 2 (CEB2h) and 3 (CEB3h) h after percutaneous coronary intervention along with pre- and post-procedural troponin-I. CEB of subjects with non-cardiac chest pain without risk factors was used as controls (CEBc). "Late recovery" (LR) of CEB was defined as CEB3h > median-CEB0. CEB was recorded in 75 patients undergoing stenting (group 1) including 8 with FFR < 0.8 (group 1a), 25 with FFR ≥ 0.8 (group 2) and 49 controls. In group 1, CEB0 (median, IQR) was higher than CEBc (48.0; 29.5-88.3 vs 30.0; 17.0-44.0; p < 0.001). CEBmax (185; 105.0-331.0) was higher than CEB0 (p < 0.0001). CEB1h (78.0; 31.5-143.8; p < 0.0001) and CEB2h (63.0; 31.5-114.3; p = 0.039) were higher than CEB0 while CEB3h (54.0; 24.3-94.8, p = 0.152) was similar. LR occurred in 50.7% patients. CEBmax predicted LR (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01, p < 0.001) (AUC 0.759, p < 0.001). CEB0 in group 1a and group 2 were similar (p = 0.524). CEBhyp was higher than CEB0 in group 1a (126.0, 109.5-266.0 vs 47.5, 20.5-73.5; p = 0.016) and group 2 (44.0, 27.8-104.8 vs 39.0, 24.0-90.3; p = 0.014). CEBhyp was higher in group 1a than 2 (p = 0.039). CEBhyp (AUC 0.75, p = 0.017) accurately predicted FFR < 0.8. Coronary arterial occlusion increases CEB that retains a "memory" of the ischaemic event. CEBhyp was higher only when FFR was ischaemic and accurately identified FFR < 0.8.

Accelerated Early Childhood Growth Is Associated With the Development of Earlier Adrenarche and Puberty.

Small birth size and increased postnatal growth have been associated with earlier timing of adrenarche and puberty, but it is not well known whether these factors alone or together lead to earlier maturation. This work aimed to search for different growth trajectories using a clustering approach to analyze the effects of birth size and postnatal growth on adrenarchal and pubertal development. Altogether 351 children (48% girls) were examined prospectively at ages 6 to 9 and 9 to 11 years. Birth and early-growth data were collected retrospectively. Main outcome measures included clinical signs of adrenarche and puberty, and serum androgen concentrations (dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, testosterone). We detected 4 clusters with different birth sizes and postnatal growth trajectories: 1) children with average birth size and increased postnatal growth (AI), 2) children with small birth size and increased postnatal growth (SI), 3) children with average birth size and postnatal growth (AA), and 4) children with small birth size and average postnatal growth (SA). Thelarche at age 9 to 11 was most common and serum androgens at ages 6 to 9 and 9 to 11 years were highest in girls belonging to the AI and SI groups. Similar patterns in the onset of puberty and in androgen levels were not seen in the SA group. Increased early growth and weight gain predict higher serum androgen concentrations and earlier onset of puberty in girls. Adrenarche and puberty do not appear to be shifted earlier in children with small birth size who do not have catch-up growth.

Comprehensive Insight into the Structure Contribution of A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 Acceptor to Performance of P3HT Solar Cells

AbstractPoly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) acting as one of the most popular and low‐cost polymers is quite suitable for commercialization of organic solar cells but suffers from low power conversion efficiency (PCE) because of the limited matching non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs). One important reason that restricts the enhancement but remains unresolved is the undisclosed contributions of the subtle structure modification to the obvious performance change. In combination with the previous reports and this work, herein A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 type NFAs with single, dual, and triple modifications based on parent BTA3 is designed, including benzyl‐substitution on A2 group (namely Bn modification), fluorine‐substitution on A1 group (namely F modification), and thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐substitution on D group (namely TT modification). It is finally found that the binary devices of P3HT with these NFAs underwent unexpected variations in the aspect of molecular optoelectronic property, blend morphological feature and charge generation process. The triple modification (including Bn, F, and TT) gives full play to their unique advantages and consequently increases PCE by 60%. To the knowledge, the obtained optimal PCE is one of the highest values for A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 type NFAs. This study provides clearer insights into the rational substitutions on the A2‐A1‐D‐A1‐A2 acceptors matched with P3HT for high‐performance organic photovoltaics.

Effect of Acrylamide and Mycotoxins in SH-SY5Y Cells: A Review.

Thermal processes induce the formation of undesired toxic components, such as acrylamide (AA), which has been shown to induce brain toxicity in humans and classified as Group 2A by the International Agency of Research in Cancer (IARC), as well as some mycotoxins. AA and mycotoxins' toxicity is studied in several in vitro models, including the neuroblastoma cell line model SH-SY5Y cells. Both AA and mycotoxins occur together in the same food matrix cereal base (bread, pasta, potatoes, coffee roasting, etc.). Therefore, the goal of this review is to deepen the knowledge about the neurological effects that AA and mycotoxins can induce on the in vitro model SH-SY5Y and its mechanism of action (MoA) focusing on the experimental assays reported in publications of the last 10 years. The analysis of the latest publications shows that most of them are focused on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and alteration in protein expression, while others are interested in oxidative stress, axonopathy, and the disruption of neurite outgrowth. While both AA and mycotoxins have been studied in SH-SY5Y cells separately, the mixture of them is starting to draw the interest of the scientific community. This highlights a new and interesting field to explore due to the findings reported in several publications that can be compared and the implications in human health that both could cause. In relation to the assays used, the most employed were the MTT, axonopathy, and qPCR assays. The concentration dose range studied was 0.1-10 mM for AA and 2 fM to 200 µM depending on the toxicity and time of exposure for mycotoxins. A healthy and varied diet allows the incorporation of a large family of bioactive compounds that can mitigate the toxic effects associated with contaminants present in food. Although this has been reported in some publications for mycotoxins, there is still a big gap for AA which evidences that more investigations are needed to better explore the risks for human health when exposed to AA and mycotoxins.

Ultrasound-guided caudal anaesthesia combined with epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundAlthough epidural anaesthesia and spinal anaesthesia are currently the general choices for patients undergoing caesarean section, these two neuraxial anaesthesia methods still have drawbacks. Caudal anaesthesia has been considered to be more appropriate for gynaecological surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare epidural anaesthesia combined with caudal anaesthesia, spinal anaesthesia and single-space epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section with respect to postoperative comfort and intraoperative anaesthesia quality.MethodsIn this clinical trial, 150 patients undergoing elective caesarean section were recruited and randomized into three groups according to a ratio of 1:1:1to receive epidural anaesthesia only, spinal anaesthesia only or epidural anaesthesia combined with caudal anaesthesia. The primary outcome was postoperative comfort in the three groups. Secondary outcomes included intraoperative anaesthesia quality and the incidences of nausea, vomiting, postdural puncture headache, maternal bradycardia, or hypotension.ResultsMore patients were satisfied with the intraoperative anaesthesia quality in the EAC group than in the EA group (P = 0.001). The obstetrician was more significantly satisfied with the intraoperative anaesthesia quality in the SA and EAC groups than in the EA group (P = 0.004 and 0.020, respectively). The parturients felt more comfortable after surgery in the EA and EAC groups (P = 0.007). The incidence of maternal hypotension during caesarean section was higher in the SA group than in the EA and EAC groups (P = 0.001 and 0.019, respectively).ConclusionsEpidural anaesthesia combined with caudal anaesthesia may be a better choice for elective caesarean section. Compared with epidural anaesthesia and spinal anaesthesia, it has a higher quality of postoperative comfort and intraoperative anaesthesia.

Economic Assessment of Specialized Ingredient-treated Feed for Crossbred Dairy Cattle in Subtropical Climates

This experiment aimed to reduce the cost of feeding dairy cattle that were crossbred using a total of twenty-four crossbred animals. Four groups of six animals each were randomly selected from among the animals. Group 2 (76% treated feed), Group 3 (49% treated feed), Group 4 (100% treated green fodder), and Group 4 (Control) made up Group 1 (Gr-1). The remaining feed A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5, and A-6 received 1.5% urea+5% molasses+0.5% salt, 1.5% urea+5% molasses+1.5% salt, 1.5% urea+10% molasses+1.5% salt, 5% molasses+0.5% salt, and 10% molasses+0.5% salt were applied, respectively. Each animal at the farm cost 81Rs to feed on average. By contrast, under typical conditions, the feeding expenses for the first group in the A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6 groups were 35, 35, 67, 71, 36, and 70 rupees, respectively. There was a decrease of 43, 42, 11, 11, 44, and 10 rupees as a result. In the second group, the reduction for the A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6 treatment groups was 30Rs, 29Rs, 10Rs, 9Rs, 30Rs, and 10Rs, respectively. In the third group, the reduction was 19Rs, 18Rs, 5Rs, 4Rs, 21Rs, and 7Rs, respectively.

Volumetric analysis after caries excavation with caries detecting dyes and chemomechanical caries removal agents using 3D scanner-a randomised clinical trial

AimThis research aimed to use an extra-oral 3D scanner for conducting volumetric analysis after caries excavation using caries-detecting dyes and chemomechanical caries removal agents in individuals with occlusal and proximal carious lesions.MethodsPatients with occlusal (A1, A2, A3) and proximal carious lesions (B1, B2, B3) were treated with the conventional rotary technique, caries detecting dyes (CDD) and chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR) method on 90 teeth (n = 45 for each). Group A1, B1: Excavation was performed using diamond points. Group A2, B2: CDD (Sable Seek™ caries indicator, Ultradent) was applied and left for 10 s, and then the cavity was rinsed and dried. For caries removal, diamond points or excavators were used. Group A3 and B3: BRIX3000 papain gel was applied with a micro-brush for 20 s and was activated for 2 min, and then the carious tissue was removed with a sharp spoon excavator. Post-excavation cavity volume analysis was performed using a 3D scanner. The time required and the verbal pain score (VPS) for pain were scored during excavation. Post-restoration evaluation was performed at 1, 3, and 6 months FDI (Federation Dentaire Internationale) criteria.ResultsComparison of age, time and volume with study groups were made using Independent Sample’ t’ test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for two and more than two groups, respectively. Using Cohen’s Kappa Statistics, evaluators 1 and 2 agreed on caries removal status aesthetic, functional and biological properties at different follow-ups. The chi-square test revealed that the rotary groups [A1(2.5 ± 0.4 min) B1(4.0 ± 0.4 min)] had significantly less (p = 0.000) mean procedural time than CDD [A2(4.5 ± 0.4 min) B2(5.7 ± 0.4 min)] and CMCR [A3(5.4 ± 0.7 min) B3(6.2 ± 0.6 min)] groups. The CMCR group showed better patient acceptance and less pain during caries excavation than the rotary and CDD groups. CMCR group showed significantly less mean caries excavated volume(p = 0.000). Evaluation of restoration after 1-, 3-, and 6-month intervals was acceptable for all the groups.ConclusionBrix3000 helps effectively remove denatured teeth with less pain or sensitivity. The time required for caries removal was lowest in the rotary method and highest in the brix3000 group, while the volume of caries removed was the lowest for brix3000 and highest for the rotary group.

Comparative Evaluation of the Push-Out Bond Strength of Glass Ionomer Cement, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine, and Endosequence Root Repair Material in Repair of Furcation Perforations: An In Vitro Study

ABSTRACT Introduction: An in vitro comparative analysis was performed to calculate the push-out bond strength of commercially existing root repairing cements like glass ionomer cement (GIC), biodentine, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), and endosequence root repair material (RRM) employed in furcation perforation, with or without blood contamination present. Materials and Methods: Eighty molars were selected and subjected to furcal perforations. They were categorized based on the cement used for repair (GIC, MTA, biodentine, and endosequence RRM); furthermore, they were sub-divided into two sub-groups, that is, blood contaminated and non-contaminated. For 24 hours, all the samples were kept in an incubator till the materials were fully set. Then these samples were examined for push-out bond strength measurement. Results: The 24-hour push-out bond strength of was the highest in biodentine and the lowest in glass ionomer cement. The push-out bond strength of endosequence RRM, MTA, and GIC was influenced by blood contamination. Conclusion: The push-out bond strength of biodentine was the highest as compared to endosequence RRM, MTA angelus, and GIC. The push-out bond strength of endosequence RRM and MTA angelus after 24 hours with or without blood contamination showed insignificant differences. Group 1A (GIC contaminated with blood) displayed the least push-out bond strength among other groups.

Antibacterial effect of red laser-activated silver nanoparticles synthesized with grape seed extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

Living organisms, particularly humans, frequently encounter microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses in their surroundings. Silver nanoparticles are widely used in biomedical devices because of their antibacterial and antiviral properties. The study evaluates the efficacy of red laser and silver nanoparticles from grape seed extract (AgNPs-GSE) in reducing Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, which cause infections. The sample comprised three groups: a control group without laser irradiation (T0), Escherichia coli samples (A1 and A2) irradiated with a 405-nm diode laser at different times and concentrations of silver nanoparticles, and Staphylococcus aureus samples (A3 and A4) illuminated with a 405-nm diode laser at different times and concentrations. Bacteria in groups A2 and A4 were treated with a photosensitizer (PS) made from grape seed extracts, incubated for 10min, and then irradiated for 90, 120, 150, and 180s. The samples were cultured on TSA media, set at 37°C, counted using a Quebec colony counter, and analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey tests with a significance level of p < 0.05. The study illustrated that the combination of 10µl of AgNPs-GSE, exposure to a red laser at 405nm, and an energy density of 3.44J/cm2 effectively photoinactivated both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. For Escherichia coli bacteria irradiated for 180s with concentrations of 1mM, 1.5mM, and 2mM AgNPs-GSE, bacterial viability decreased by 64.50%, 70.74%, and 79.53%, respectively. Similarly, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, subjected to irradiation for 180s with concentrations of 1mM, 1.5mM, and 2mM AgNPs-GSE, demonstrated reductions in bacterial viability by 70.23%, 73.47%, and 85.04%, respectively. The findings from the present study indicate that at an energy density of 3.44J/cm2, it was possible to inactivate Escherichia coli by 79.53% and Staphylococcus aureus by 85.04%.

Characterization of immune responses and immunopathology in turkeys experimentally infected with clostridial dermatitis-producing strains of Clostridium septicum

Clostridium septicum is one of the major causative agents of clostridial dermatitis (CD), an emerging disease of turkeys, characterized by sudden deaths and necrotic dermatitis. Despite its economic burden on the poultry industry, the immunopathological changes and pathogen-specific immune responses are poorly characterized. Here, we used three strains of C. septicum, namely Str. A1, Str. B1 and Str. C1, isolated from CD field outbreaks, to experimentally infect turkeys to evaluate local (skin and muscle) and systemic (spleen) pathological and immunological responses. Results showed that while all three strains produced an acute disease, Str. A1 and B1 caused significantly higher mortality when compared to Str. C1. Gross and histopathology evaluation showed that birds infected with Str. A1 and B1 had severe inflammatory, edematous, granulomatous and necrotic lesions in the skin, muscle and spleen, while these lesions produced by Str. C1 were relatively less severe and mostly confined to skin and/or muscle. Immune gene expression in these tissues showed that Str. B1-infected birds had significantly higher expression of interleukin (IL)−1β, IL-6 and interferon (IFN)γ genes compared to uninfected control, suggesting a robust inflammatory response both locally as well as systemically. The transcription of IL-1β and IFNγ in the muscle or spleen of Str. A1-infected birds and IL-1β in the skin of Str. C1-infected group was also significantly higher than control. Additionally, Str. A1 or B1-infected groups also had significantly higher IL-4 transcription in these tissues, while birds infected with all three strains developed C. septicum-specific serum antibodies. Furthermore, splenic cellular immunophenotyping in the infected turkeys showed a marked reduction in CD4+ cells. Collectively, it can be inferred that host responses against C. septicum involve an acute inflammatory response along with antibody production and that the disease severity seem to depend on the strain of C. septicum involved in CD in turkeys.

Tactics of combined/complex treatment of breast cancer patients with isolated metastatic lesion of supraclavicular or parasternal lymph nodes

The article presents data on 134 breast cancer patients who were diagnosed with lesions of the parasternal, supraclavicular, subclavian and axillary lymph nodes. The effectiveness of surgical or radiation exposure to the supraclavicular/parasternal lymph nodes in their metastatic lesion was analyzed. The survival assessment showed that after 1 year of follow-up, the values of the indicator were almost the same, amounting to 96.3 and 96.4 %, respectively, in groups 1A (surgical treatment) and 1B (radiation therapy). After 3 years, the indicator value was slightly higher in subgroup 1B – 80.4 %, while in group 1A it was 77.8 %, 5-year survival in group 1A was at the level of 33.3 %, in group 1B the indicator value was higher and amounted to 44.6 %, in group 2–78.4 %. At the same time, there were no statistically significant differences in all the terms of the study. We believe that the results of our study are fully consistent with the current trend in the treatment of breast cancer, which can be defined by the phrase ‘the less surgery, the better’. According to our data, surgical removal of metastatically altered supraclavicular and parasternal lymph nodes is inferior to radiation therapy when comparing 5-year overall survival.