Changes in forearm muscle stiffness in relation to grip strength.

The causal relationship between sarcopenia traits and abdominal hernia: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Handgrip strength as an independent predictor of mortality in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis: A prospective cohort.

Longitudinal muscle strength trajectories, incident depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global health concern characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and progressive multisystem involvement. One of its most prevalent complications is diabetic peripheral neuropathy which contributes to impaired neuromuscular function, reduced sensation, diminished motor control and functional disability of the upper limb (UL). We evaluated the efficacy of sensorimotor training (SMT) and resistance training (RT) on grip strength, manual dexterity and neurophysiological evaluation in patients suffering from T2D. This study might contribute to better management of UL functions in these patients. Randomized controlled trial (RCT). 96 T2D patients were allocated into RT group; SMT group; and control group. Primary outcomes i.e. grip strength and manual dexterity as well as secondary outcomes i.e. musculocutaneous nerve latency (MCNL), musculocutaneous nerve action potential amplitude (MCNAPA), axillary nerve latency (ANL) and axillary nerve action potential amplitude (ANAPA) were measured at three-time points. Data was analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with post-hoc testing, and a significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted. Within-group comparison pointed to a statistically significant improvement for all the variables (grip strength p < 0.05, manual dexterity p < 0.05, MCNL: p < 0.05; MCNAPA: p < 0.05; ANL: p < 0.05; ANAPA: p < 0.05) in both experimental groups. For between-group comparisons, p-value was < 0.05 for grip strength and nerve amplitude in RT group whereas p-value was < 0.05 for manual dexterity and nerve latency in SMT group. Both the experimental groups showed improvement in all the outcome variables. RT was more effective in improving grip strength and nerve amplitude whereas in SMT group, there was more improvement in manual dexterity and nerve latency. Further study was needed to generalize these results as it was a single-centered study. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01839-7.

The effect of digital health interventions in older adults with frailty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To compare objective functional performance among individuals with osteoarthritis (OA), diabetes, and hypertension (HT), alone or in combination. We used data from Wave 2 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Participants were grouped into seven disease categories based on the presence of OA, diabetes, and HT, alone or in combination, plus a no-disease reference group. Functional performance was assessed using grip strength and a five-chair rise test for adults <75 years, and grip strength and walking speed for adults ≥75 years. Ordinary least squares regression models adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and educational level estimated group differences. We included data from 15,222 individuals. Our adjusted analyses showed that individuals <75 years from all groups, except those with hypertension only, showed lower grip strength compared to those with no disease. For the chair stand test, differences were only observed for patients with OA and those with HT and diabetes. Among individuals older than 75 years, patients with only OA, only diabetes, OA and diabetes, and those with all three diseases had lower grip strength. No group differences were seen in the walking speed test. The estimated differences of the patient groups were small and close, often with overlapping confidence intervals. Therefore, their clinical relevance may be debatable. OA is associated with lower functional performance, particularly grip strength, compared to those with no disease. These findings highlight the need for exercise-based interventions for individuals with OA, as guidelines suggest.

Effect of resistance training with different occlusion pressure on hand grip strength and forearm girth among young adults- A pilot study.

A Combination of Whey Protein and Vitamin D Reduces Sarcopenia in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease (CKD) often exhibit reduced physical fitness due to physical inactivity, fatigue, and muscle weakness. Despite the exercise benefits, participation remains limited due to barriers such as limited access, inadequate resources, and poor motivation. The m-Health platform may provide an adaptable strategy to address these challenges. Hence, this study aimed to assess the feasibility of the m-Health-based exercise program among the pediatric CKD population. Thirty children and adolescents with CKD stages 3-5, aged 6-18years, were enrolled in a 4-week m-Health-based exercise program. Feasibility was evaluated through adherence, usability, satisfaction, and semi-structured telephonic interviews with participants and caregivers. Functional outcomes included the 6-min walk test (6-MWT) and hand grip strength (HGS). Adherence, usability, and satisfaction data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Thematic analysis was used to represent the qualitative data. Pre- and post-intervention 6-MWT and HGS values were compared using paired t-tests. Twenty-seven participants completed the study. Adherence to the m-Health exercise program was low, with 18.5% meeting the criteria. However, 51.8% reported excellent usability, and satisfaction was reported by 70.3% of parents and 62.9% of participants. Qualitative data highlighted three key aspects-alternative exercise practices, perceived exercise benefits, and multifaceted barriers. Participants demonstrated significant improvements in their functional outcomes post-intervention (6-MWT, 48.8m, p < 0.001; HGS, 0.7kg, p = 0.021). Despite low adherence, the m-Health-based exercise program served as a motivating stimulus for promoting physical activity and facilitating positive behavior change among children and adolescents with CKD. This study was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI) on 20-11-2024 under registration number CTRI/2024/11/077131.

Metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) effectively reduces fat mass (FM), but how to best preserve muscle and bone mass after MBS is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aerobic, resistance and combined exercise regimens on body composition, bone mineral density (BMD) and physical function in adults following MBS. Patients were randomized into aerobic, resistance, combined and control groups after undergoing MBS. Exercise groups completed a 26-week supervised program (three sessions per week) with progressively increasing intensity. The primary outcome was the change in fat-free mass (FFM) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Secondary outcomes included FM, hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD, serum collagen type I C-telopeptide (CTX) and physical function (e.g., 6-min walk test and handgrip strength). Between-group differences were assessed using Bayesian analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) adjusted for age, sex, surgery type and baseline body mass index, with credible differences inferred when the 95% credible interval of the standardized effect size excluded zero. Associations between outcomes were assessed using Pearson correlation. Of 443 eligible candidates, 58 participants (aged 18-65 years, 70% women, BMI 41.7 ± 4.4 kg/m2) were randomized to aerobic (n = 15), resistance (n = 13), combined (n = 14) or control (n = 16) groups, and 91.3% were included in the analysis. The combined exercise group preserved more FFM (-5.1 ± 2.8 kg vs. -7.7 ± 2.8 kg; ES 0.60 [0.41, 0.77]) and reduced more FM (-11.9% ± 5.7% vs. -10.1% ± 4.9%, ES -0.64 [-0.85, -0.40]) than control. Aerobic training most attenuated total hip BMD loss (-0.037 ± 0.033 g/cm2, -3.3%) compared with control (-0.058 ± 0.021 g/cm2, -5.4%; ES 0.69 [0.42, 0.92]) and modestly attenuated femoral neck BMD loss (ES 0.30 [0.11, 0.48]), with no differences at the lumbar spine. The relative increase in serum CTX was smaller in the aerobic (157.8%; ES -0.44 [-0.65, -0.18]) and combined groups (161.8%; ES -0.42 [-0.63, -0.17]) compared with control (196.4%). Physical function improved modestly, with aerobic training showing a greater improvement in walking distance than control (80.0 ± 56.4 m vs. 65.6 ± 39.2 m; ES 0.33 [0.08, 0.54]). Walking distance improvement correlated with weight loss. Handgrip strength was best preserved in the resistance group (ES 0.77 [0.47, 1.04]) and was positively correlated with protein intake. Following MBS, combined aerobic and resistance training improved body composition by preserving FFM and reducing FM, while aerobic training most attenuated bone loss. Exercise was associated with modest improvements in physical function, supporting individualized exercise strategies to promote metabolic, musculoskeletal and functional health after MBS. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04777305.

High-altitude electrical work is a high-risk and physically demanding occupation that has received limited empirical investigation, particularly regarding the physiological and psychological fatigue experienced during operations. This study provides an initial empirical exploration into fatigue among high-altitude electrical workers by examining the relationship between subjective fatigue perception and multiple physiological indicators in realistic working environments. Thirty professional high-altitude electrical workers participated in field-based measurements conducted during routine summer operations. A combination of subjective (Fatigue Severity Scale) and objective indicators-such as LF/HF, grip strength, reaction time, and critical flicker frequency-was used to assess fatigue. The experimental protocol was designed to closely mirror actual work conditions, and over 1,200 valid data points were collected across repeated measures. Spearman correlation and multiple regression analyses were employed to evaluate the association between physiological indicators and subjective fatigue ratings. Significant correlations were observed between subjective fatigue levels and several physiological indicators, particularly LF/HF (β = -0.523, p < 0.001), grip strength (β = -1.076, p < 0.001), CFF (β = -4.138, p < 0.001), and RT (β = 2.984, p < 0.001). These findings suggest these indicators may be sensitive to short-term fatigue fluctuations under operational stress. In contrast, ETCO2 did not show a significant relationship with subjective fatigue, likely due to its physiological stability and limited responsiveness in non-clinical field conditions. This study offers preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility of combining multiple physiological and psychological indicators for fatigue monitoring in high-altitude electrical work. The results underscore the multifaceted nature of fatigue and highlight the importance of context-specific evaluation frameworks. Future studies should further refine these indicators and expand the sample scope to enhance generalizability and practical applicability in occupational health management.

Cachexia and sarcopenia are prevalent, inflammation-linked syndromes in chronic liver disease that worsen outcomes. To our knowledge, their coexistence in a single chronic liver disease cohort has not been systematically examined. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence, clinical features and prognostic impact of cachexia and sarcopenia-alone and combined-in chronic liver disease. We retrospectively screened 776 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at Hokkaido University Hospital (August 2014-May 2025). The inclusion criteria were grip strength, CT-based muscle mass and complete clinical data, yielding 307 patients; 469 did not meet one of the inclusion criteria. Cachexia was determined following the Asian Working Group for Cachexia criteria, and sarcopenia was determined following Japan Society of Hepatology guidelines. Patients were grouped as no cachexia/sarcopenia, cachexia only, sarcopenia only or cachexia+sarcopenia. The outcomes were overall survival, time to liver-related events and time to readmission (Kaplan-Meier and Cox-proportional models). Among 776 patients, 307 were included in the final-analysis. Of 307 patients, 206 (67.1%) were male, the median age was 70 years (range, 19-90 years), 262 patients (85.3%) had LC and 188 patients (61.2%) had HCC. The patients were grouped as no cachexia/sarcopenia (213; 69.4%), cachexia only (54; 17.6%), sarcopenia only (17; 5.5%) and cachexia+sarcopenia (23; 7.5%). The combined group compared with the others had the lowest body mass index, psoas-muscle-index and grip strength (all p < 0.001). Overall survival (OS), liver-related events, LC progression and readmissions were compared between 246 patients with and without cachexia or sarcopenia, after excluding those who visited the hospital on or after July 2023 and had ≤ 3 months of follow-up. OS was shorter in the cachexia only (median 61.8 [95% CI 40.90-not reached (NR)] months, p = 0.046) and cachexia+sarcopenia (median 59.6 [95% CI 14.26-NR] months, p = 0.027) groups than in the no cachexia/sarcopenia group. Multivariable analysis showed that cachexia+sarcopenia (hazard ratio 2.48, p = 0.010), HCC (hazard ratio 3.40, p < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio 1.80, p = 0.013) independently predicted mortality. The combined group compared with the other groups had a shorter time to liver-related events and readmission. The coexistence of cachexia and sarcopenia-rather than either alone-can be used as an indicator for identifying patients with chronic liver disease at the highest risk of poor outcomes. Concurrent assessment and early, targeted interventions may improve outcomes in this population.

To assess the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscle strength on depression and individual depression symptoms. Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis was conducted in up to 341,326 participants of European ancestry from UK Biobank (aged 37-73years). Genetic variants from previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of CRF and grip strength (to proxy overall muscle strength) were utilised to instrument exposures. A broad depression phenotype based on self-report and hospital records, as well as individual measures of depression symptoms from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used as outcomes. Analysis was repeated stratifying by sex and using summary statistics from a major depressive disorder (MDD) GWAS. There was no clear evidence for association between CRF and any depression outcome. There was robust evidence suggesting greater grip was associated with lower odds of broad depression (OR per 0.1kg increase in weight adjusted grip: 0.86, 95% CI:0.80,0.93), as well as the PHQ-9 items appetite changes (OR:0.56, 95% CI:0.49,0.65), and anhedonia (OR:0.79, 95% CI:0.69,0.90), a core symptom of depression. There was also some evidence for associations between greater grip and lower odds of depressed mood (OR:0.85, 95% CI:0.74,0.97), psychomotor changes (OR:0.79, 95% CI:0.64,0.97), fatigue (OR:0.83, 95% CI:0.74,0.93) and concentration problems (OR:0.85, 95% CI:0.74,0.98) in the MR-inverse variance weighted analysis. Effects were mostly driven by stronger associations in females and results replicated in the two-sample MR for MDD. Muscle strength may represent an important modifiable factor for preventing and treating depression and several specific symptoms, including core symptoms such as anhedonia.

Low relative sit-to-stand power in Colombian older adults: Cut-off points and associations with frailty and functional decline.

Characterization and cut-off values of skeletal muscle mass in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Systematic Review of Exercise Training and Musculoskeletal Health in Patients Receiving Dialysis.

Foods rich in anti-inflammatory components and anti-inflammatory supplements for the prevention and treatment of Sarcopenia in older adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Dietary advice alone or with oral nutritional supplements after hospital discharge in colorectal cancer surgery patients: Five year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Blood neurodegeneration biomarkers and the muscle-brain axis in older adults: physical performance as a functional mediator of cognition.