Grinding Quality Research Articles

A new method for machining RB-SiC with high efficiency and quality: Laser assisted ultrasonic grinding

Reaction Bonded Silicon carbide (RB-SiC) ceramic is preferred material for space mirrors in aerospace field. However, the high hardness, brittleness and inhomogeneous structure bring great challenges for high quality and efficient machining. In this study, laser ablation assisted ultrasonic grinding (LAAUG) process was proposed. The high efficiency of laser ablation and high quality of ultrasonic grinding were effectively combined. Laser pre-ablation experiments were carried out firstly, and then thermal damage layer was removed through ultrasonic grinding. The results show that RB-SiC ceramics transform into relatively loose and homogeneous ablation products (SiO2 and recrystallized SiC) by laser irradiation. Moreover, it is accompanied by cracks development. Compared with conventional grinding, the maximum reduction of grinding force and surface roughness is 34 % and 13.8 %, respectively. Abrasive grain wear is significantly restrained and the percentage of plasticity removal is improved. This study indicates that LAAUG is feasible and efficient method for machining RB-SiC ceramics.

Dual PID Adaptive Variable Impedance Constant Force Control for Grinding Robot

High-precision and low-overshoot force control are important to guarantee the material removal rate and surface quality of robot grinding. However, traditional force control methods are subjected to positional disturbance, stiffness disturbance, contact process nonlinearity, and force-position coupling, leading to difficulties in robot constant force control. Therefore, how to achieve smooth, stable, and high-precision constant force control is an urgent problem. To address this problem, a dual PID adaptive variable impedance control is established (DPAVIC). Firstly, PD control is used to compensate for the force error, and PID is used to update the damping parameters to compensate for the disturbance. Secondly, a nonlinear tracking differentiator is used to smooth the desired force and reduce the contact force overshoot. Then, the stability, convergence, and effectiveness of the force control algorithm are verified via theoretical analysis, simulations, and experiments. The force tracking error and overshoot of a conventional impedance controller (CIC), adaptive variable impedance control (AVIC), and DPAVIC are analyzed. Finally, the algorithm is used in grinding experiments on a thin-walled workpiece. The force tracking error is controlled within ±0.2 N, and the surface roughness of the workpiece is improved to Ra 0.218 μm.

Robotic compliant grinding of curved parts based on a designed active force-controlled end-effector with optimized series elastic component

High-accuracy, fast-response, and low-overshoot force control are important to guarantee the material removal accuracy and surface quality of robotic compliant grinding. In order to achieve the above target, this study develops an active compliant force-controlled end-effector based on a series elastic actuator for the robotic grinding of curved parts. Firstly, a decoupled robotic grinding system composed of an industrial robot and an end-effector is developed, and a novel force-controlled end-effector is designed by adding an elastic component between the servo motor and the load to improve compliance. Secondly, the influences of the elastic component and grinding tool stiffness on the stability of the force-controlled end-effector system are analyzed by establishing a contact model of the compliant end-effector and the transfer function of the entire force control system. Then, the stiffness of the grinding tool and the elastic component are optimized with full consideration of the system cutoff frequency and the end-effector compliance. To improve the force tracking accuracies of the developed compliant end-effector, a proportional-integral (PI) controller with first-order differential force feedforward control is designed. Finally, grinding experiments are conducted for verification. The effects of spring stiffness and grinding tool stiffness on the force control system are tested, which match well with the theoretical analysis. Grinding results show that the maximum force control error of the compliant force-controlled end-effector is decreased by 70% compared to that of the rigid force-controlled end-effector, and the overshoot of the force control is reduced from 30% to almost 0 under the same response speed. The maximum and average absolute grinding depth errors using the designed end-effector are reduced by 57.2% and 58.6%, respectively, compared with those of the traditional rigid end-effector, and the average surface roughness of the finished part is reduced by 19.2%. Which demonstrates the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed compliant force-controlled end-effector.

Experimental Research into the Efficiency of an Electromagnetic Mill

This paper presents a method for quantitative assessment of the efficiency of an EMM, taking into consideration its design parameters (dimensions, winding data, etc.) and technological indicators of the milling process (mass of the milled substance, mass of the mill, milling time, etc.). The performance of an EMM is characterized in terms of two indicators—the efficiency of the milling itself, and its quality. The EMM efficiency was expressed as the ratio of the ground mass to the time taken for the grinding, and the grinding quality was given as the ratio of the mass of the smallest fraction obtained as a result of grinding to the total ground mass. Those indicators were calculated on the basis of the analysis of empirical results obtained using an EMM comprising a rotating magnetic field. The efficiency and quality of grinding were taken into account to determine these indicators. Moreover, a deterministic relation was established between this efficiency and quality of milling and the calculation values—the average number of millstone impacts and average impulse magnitude of ground material impacts, calculated using mathematical modelling of the grinding process. An algorithm applicable for determining the performance of the EMM and the quality of grinding was proposed on the basis of the results of this research.

Thermal performance of a radial-rotating oscillating heat pipe and its application in grinding processes with enhanced heat transfer

Grinding difficult-to-machining materials can generate massive heat. The heat generated by grinding easily accumulates in the grinding zone (the contact area between workpiece and wheel), leading to high temperatures, which harms the grinding quality and efficiency. Radial-rotating oscillating heat pipe (RR-OHP) can achieve high thermal performance and can potentially to apply in grinding with enhanced heat transfer. The RR-OHP is supposed to be designed in the grinding wheel to improve the heat transport ability, in this case, grinding heat can transfer out directly via the grinding wheel. RR-OHP needs to obtain high thermal performance under radial rotations, while the related research is still insufficient. In this paper, the influence of centrifugal acceleration (0 – 1620 m/s2), working fluid properties (methanol, DI water), and heat flux (1.5 × 104 – 4 × 104 W/m2) on the heat transport capacity are studied. A prototype of a grinding wheel combined with RR-OHPs is developed. A grinding simulation by the wheel is built to demonstrate the enhanced heat transfer of RR-OHPs in grinding process. Results show that the increment of heat flux and centrifugal acceleration can improve the thermal performance of RR-OHPs. The thermal resistance of RR-OHP filled with methanol is smaller than that of RR-OHP filled with DI water. In addition, under the condition that grinding speed of 12 m/s, infeed speed of 360 mm/min, and 1 mm depth of cut, the grinding wheel embedded with 16 RR-OHPs can transfer out 79% of total heat and control the temperature under 262 °C, based on the grinding simulation. On the contrary, the grinding wheel without RR-OHPs transfers only 34% of the total grinding heat, and the temperature reaches up to 766 °C.

Grinding damage in the fabrication of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride micro-drill

Micro superhard cutting tool such as polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tool are increasingly demanded in high-end manufacturing field. The grinding is a widely used technology in the manufacture of superhard micro-tools, but its grinding damage is often difficult to control. In order to improve the grinding quality of superhard micro-tools, it is necessary to further understand the damage behavior during tool grinding process. This study aims to reveal the damage form and damage formation mechanism in the grinding process of PCBN micro-drills. The PCBN micro-drill grinding experiment is conducted under different process parameters, and the morphology characteristics of the micro-drill surface and cutting edge are observed and analyzed. The influence of grinding process parameters on the grinding quality of PCBN micro-drill is quantitatively investigated. The results indicate that, the grinding damage of PCBN micro-drill is mainly manifested as micro chipping and micro fracture of the cutting edge, material adhesion on the chisel edge, and micro cracks, micro pits and micro scratches on the grinding surface. For the ground surface of flank and helical flute of PCBN micro-drill, the material removal mechanisms of plastic removal and brittle removal work together. The material in the area with more binder inclusions is removed by plastic removal mode, and the material brittleness removal mode mainly includes cleavage brittleness removal and intergranular brittleness removal. The edge impact fracture brings grinding damage to the main cutting edge of PCBN micro-drill. The CBN grains at the fracture surface mainly undergo cleavage fracture, while the fracture of the binder occurs in the form of micro pit aggregation. The reduction of grinding depth and feed rate will lead to the decrease in the surface roughness of flank and helical flute, the cutting edge radius, and the edge chipping width, thus improve the grinding quality of PCBN micro-drill. These findings contribute to expand the understanding of process characteristics for grinding PCBN micro-tools, and thus to restrain the grinding damage and improve the grinding quality of micro-tools.

Study of Rotation Speed Curve Optimization under the Three-Body Coupling Grinding Mode.

The three-body coupling grinding mode of a ball ensures the batch diameter variation and batch consistency of precision ball machining based on the principle of ball forming, resulting in a structure that is simply and feasibly controllable. The change in the rotation angle can be jointly determined using the fixed load of the upper grinding disc and the rotation speed coordination of the inner and outer discs of the lower grinding disc. Related to this, the rotation speed is an important index to guarantee grinding uniformity. To ensure the quality of three-body coupling grinding, this study aims to establish the best mathematical control model of the rotation speed curve of the inner and outer discs in the lower grinding disc. Specifically, it includes two aspects. First, the optimization of the rotation speed curve was mainly studied, and the machining process was simulated with three speed curve combinations: 1, 2, and 3. By analyzing the evaluation index of ball grinding uniformity, the results revealed that the third speed curve combination had the best grinding uniformity, and the three speed curve combinations were optimized on the basis of the traditional triangular wave speed curve. Furthermore, the obtained double trapezoidal speed curve combination not only achieved the traditionally verified stability performance but also overcame the shortcomings of the other speed curves. The mathematical model established in this way was equipped with a grinding control system, which improved the fine control ability of the rotation angle state of the ball blank under the three-body coupling grinding mode. It also obtained the best grinding uniformity and sphericity and laid a theoretical foundation for achieving a grinding effect that was close to the ideal circumstance during mass production. Second, via theoretical comparison and analysis, it was determined that the ball shape and sphericity deviation (SPD) were more accurate than the standard deviation (STD) of the two-dimensional trajectory point distribution. The SPD evaluation method was also investigated via the optimization analysis of the rotation speed curve by means of the ADAMAS simulation. The obtained results coincided with the STD evaluation trend, thus laying a preliminary foundation for subsequent applications.

Research on Surface Tracking and Constant Force Control of a Grinding Robot

To improve the quality and efficiency of robot grinding, a design and a control algorithm for a robot used for grinding the surfaces of large, curved workpieces with unknown parameters, such as wind turbine blades, are proposed herein. Firstly, the structure and motion mode of the grinding robot are determined. Secondly, in order to solve the problem of complexity and poor adaptability of the algorithm in the grinding process, a force/position hybrid control strategy based on fuzzy PID is proposed which greatly improves the response speed and reduces the error of the static control strategy. Compared with normal PID, fuzzy PID has the advantages of variable parameters and strong adaptability; the hydraulic cylinder used to adjust the angle of the manipulator can control the speed offset within 0.27 rad/s, and the grinding process can be carried out directly without obtaining the specific model of the surface to be machined. Finally, the experiments are carried out, the grinding force and feed speed are maintained within the allowable error range of the expected value, and the results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the position tracking and constant force control strategy in this paper. The surface roughness of the blade is maintained within Ra = 2~3 μm after grinding, which proves that the grinding quality meets the requirements of the best surface roughness required for the subsequent process.

Acoustic emission identification of wheel wear states in engineering ceramic grinding based on parameter-adaptive VMD

In engineering ceramic grinding, the wheel wear states have an important influence on the processing efficiency and grinding quality. To address the difficulty of online monitoring of wheel wear states, a signal reconstruction method based on parameter-adaptive variational modal decomposition was proposed. Experiments on the entire life cycle of the grinding wheel were performed, and the wear states were classified based on the observed surface morphologies of the wheel and workpiece. Subsequently, acoustic emission signals were collected by nodes, and high correlation frequency bands were chosen and reconstructed. The signal features were extracted, and the wear states were identified based on a random forest optimization feature combination, finally. In this study, taking alumina ceramic as an example, eight groups of single-factor experiments were designed based on cumulative grinding depth to determine the optimal linear speed of the grinding wheel, worktable moving rate, and other process parameters. A total of 160 groups of AE signal samples were obtained. The results show that feature extraction by frequency bands can better reflect the changes in the grinding wheel wear states than the overall signal. In addition, optimization feature combinations based on the bands after decomposition, filtering, and reconstruction can divide and identify the various wear states more effectively. The comprehensive identification accuracy reached 90.6%. The accuracy of identifying the severe wear state reached 100%. Thus, the proposed method provides theoretical guidance for the practical industrial applications of online monitoring of wheel wear states.

Contact Mechanism of Rail Grinding with Open-Structured Abrasive Belt Based on Pressure Grinding Plate

The current research of abrasive belt grinding rail mainly focuses on the contact mechanism and structural design. Compared with the closed structure abrasive belt grinding, open-structured abrasive belt grinding has excellent performance in dynamic stability, consistency of grinding quality, extension of grinding mileage and improvement of working efficiency. However, in the contact structure design, the open-structured abrasive belt grinding rail using a profiling pressure grinding plate and the closed structure abrasive belt using the contact wheel are different, and the contact mechanisms of the two are different. In this paper, based on the conformal contact and Hertz theory, the contact mechanism of the pressure grinding plate, abrasive belt and rail is analyzed. Through finite element simulation and static pressure experiment, the contact behavior of pressure grinding plate, abrasive belt and rail under single concentrated force, uniform force and multiple concentrated force was studied, and the distribution characteristics of contact stress on rail surface were observed. The results show that under the same external load, there are three contact areas under the three loading modes. The outer contour of the middle contact area is rectangular, and the inner contour is elliptical. In the contact area at both ends, the stress is extremely small under a single concentrated force, the internal stress is drop-shaped under a uniform force, and the internal stress under multiple concentration forces is elliptical. Compared with the three, the maximum stress is the smallest and the stress distribution is more uniform under multiple concentrated forces. Therefore, the multiple concentrated forces is the best grinding pressure loading mode. The research provides support for the application of rail grinding with open-structured abrasive belt based on pressure grinding plate, such as contact mechanism and grinding pressure mode selection.

Position‐based force tracking adaptive impedance control strategy for robot grinding complex surfaces system

AbstractAs a key technology of robot grinding, force control has great influence on grinding effects. Based on the traditional impedance control, a position‐based force tracking adaptive impedance control strategy is proposed to improve the grinding quality of aeroengine complex curved parts, which considers the stiffness damping environmental interaction model, modifies the reference trajectory by a Lyapunov‐based approach to realize the adaptive grinding process. In addition, forgotten Kalman filter based on six‐dimensional force sensor is used to denoise the force information and a three‐step gravity compensation process including static base value calculation, dynamic zero update and contact force real‐time calculation is proposed to obtain the accurate contact force between tool and workpiece in this method. Then, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a simulation experiment which including five different working conditions is conducted in MATLAB, and the experiment studying the deviation between the reference trajectory and the actual position is carried out on the robot grinding system. The results indicate that the position‐based force tracking adaptive impedance control strategy can quickly respond to the changes of environmental position, reduce the fluctuation range of contact force in time by modifying the reference trajectory, compensate for the defect of the steady‐state error of the traditional impedance control strategy and improve the surface consistency of machined parts.

Research on the consistency model of roundness error in journal cylindrical grinding with random parameters

The accuracy consistency of the journal of the same batch of workpieces directly affects the interchangeability of products, cylindrical grinding is an important means to form the final machining accuracy of workpiece journals. Due to the grinding process system is susceptible to interference, for a given grinding system, the existing model cannot be used to evaluate the consistency of roundness error in the same batch grinding process. In this paper, the vibration coupling model of the cylindrical grinding process is established, and the iterative algorithm of “grinding force-instantaneous grinding depth” is proposed. On this basis, the grinding parameters are reflected in the coupling model of the grinding system with random characteristics within the design range, and the roundness error distribution of the same batch of workpiece journals after grinding is simulated by the Monte Carlo method to form a statistical analysis method of roundness error batch consistency. The validity of the proposed grinding roundness error consistency analysis method is confirmed by the corresponding grinding test. Finally, the influence of the grinding parameters on the consistency of roundness error after grinding is analyzed, and the research conclusions can provide reference for the design of grinding quality consistency.

Investigation on Surface Integrity of Nodular Cast Iron QT700-2 in Shape Adaptive Grinding

Nodular cast iron QT700-2 is extensively used in automobile engine crankshaft parts due to its prime mechanical properties. The journal of a crankshaft is a curved surface, and traditional wheel grinding easily causes grinding burn and surface and subsurface damage. Shape adaptive grinding (SAG) is a flexible grinding technology, which has the advantages of low grinding force and temperature, and good grinding quality. It is suitable for machining curved surface parts with complex shapes. Therefore, the SAG surface integrity of nodular cast iron QT700-2 was experimentally investigated. The influence of grinding parameters on grinding force, material removal rate, grinding temperature, and surface integrity was studied, and the machining performance of SAG tools was evaluated. It was concluded that the grain size in SAG is the most important factor affecting the grinding force, material removal rate, and surface roughness; the influence of SAG grinding is very weak, mainly removing the workpiece material. Then, the influence law of SAG technology on the surface integrity of nodular cast iron QT700-2 was summarized, and the optimal grinding parameters were obtained, providing a reference for the curved surface grinding of nodular cast iron QT700-2 in the future.

A Fuzzy Adaptive PID Control Method for Novel Designed Rail Grinding Equipment

Rail defects appear in a greater variety and frequency with the rapid development of High-Speed Rail (HSR), which seriously affects the safe operation of trains. Rail grinding is one of the common methods used to eliminate these defects. However, the quality of rail grinding is often limited by the constant power control method. This paper presents a fuzzy adaptive PID control method based on PID control. In this method, a fuzzy rule library of input and output is established according to the experience of experts and grinding operators, and the PID control parameters can be adjusted in real time through the library to achieve the purpose of constant power grinding. Compared with classical PID, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by simulation and the rail grinding experiment with the designed equipment. Experimental results showed that the power data of fuzzy adaptive PID control had less fluctuation, which could be basically stabilized at 5KW±0.1KW, and the curve tracking error was reduced by 60.9%. It is concluded that this method can greatly improve the power accuracy and stability of rail grinding.

Щодо надійності технологічного процесу подрібнення пожнивних решток

The article is devoted to finding ways to solve the problem of increasing the reliability of the technological process of shredding crop residues using shredding rollers with operating parts in the form of knife drums. The research presents a review and analysis of existing types of machines for shredding crop residues equipped with driven and non-driven active operating parts with their advantages and disadvantages. The ways and methods that should be considered when solving problems of improving the quality of grinding and reliability of this technological process are formulated. The article presents the content and methods of conducting experimental field studies of the process of shredding crop residues by a drum with knives installed on its surface at a certain angle of deflection between adjacent rows and with a shift of the line of row blades relative to the axis of the drum itself. It is proved that at certain values of these parameters, it is possible to achieve a significant increase in the reliability of the technological process, to virtually eliminate the negative phenomenon of clogging of the inter-row space with particles of plant stems and soil. The rational values of the angles of the knives on the surface of the chopping drum, substantiated in this work, allow increasing the intensity of chopping crop residues as a result of reducing the distance between the rows of knives. Thus, the approximate length of the particles of chopped plant stems can be reduced from 21.4 cm to 17.4 cm, without negative consequences for the reliability of the technological process.

Surface grinding responses optimization with a promising eco-friendly cutting fluid

Lubrication and cooling are very important to safeguard grinding quality, in terms of surface integrity, surface texture, and accuracy of dimensions of the workpiece, because of the friction and the heat generation associated with the surface grinding process. So, cutting fluids are used to achieve this. Due to the ecological and health hazards of cutting fluids formulated from mineral oil and chemicals, the focus is on the use of bio-oil-based cutting fluids. Owing to the desirable properties of cashew nut shell liquid, it is attempted as a cutting fluid to optimize the surface roughness and cooling in surface grinding of EN8 material. The study deals with the analysis of the grinding parameters such as the type of cutting fluid, grinding wheel speed, grinding wheel grade, depth of cut, and workpiece speed as influential factors on the responses i. e. surface finish and grinding temperature. The performance of cashew nut shell liquid is compared to traditional synthetic cutting fluid using Taguchi’s 25 experimental design and L16 Orthogonal Array. A prediction model is proposed for both surface roughness and grinding temperature to get the optimum grinding parameters. The accuracy of the models is tested by conducting validation and confirmation experiments. The experimental results confirm well with those predicted and show that there is an improvement in the surface grinding responses when cashew nut shell liquid is used as a cutting fluid.

Automated system for control and monitoring of explosion safety of the coal grinding process in ball drum mills

The article presents the results of research on automated systems of control and monitoring of explosion safety of dust and gas mixture during coal grinding in ball drum mills (BDM). The problem of the gas-dynamic factor, which arises at the disintegration of coals of middle stage of metamorphism (gas coals) in the atmosphere of closed or limited space, for example in mine workings, chambers, furnace furnaces, etc., is considered. Earlier, when burning anthracite coals, such a problem did not arise, since anthracite does not have a gas component of hydrocarbons. Therefore, all automated control systems were developed from the condition of grinding quality and optimal loading of the BDM. The work aims to develop an automated system of control and monitoring of explosion safety of coal-gas mixture in ball drum mills in the process of grinding gas coals in preparation for combustion. It is established that the sizes of coal grinding fractions in the BDMs from 50 microns to 250 microns correspond to the sizes of supermelonites from 10 microns to 200 microns to particles that are formed during sudden coal and gas emissions in mines. Coal supermelonites are the main source of gas emission into the atmosphere of mine workings, as at their formation there is the disintegration of the supramolecular organization of coal macromolecule and generation of methane. Crushing of gas coals in the BDM inevitably leads to the formation of the explosive methane-coal mixture, which further enters the furnace of the boiler unit. As a result, a new functional scheme for automatic regulation and optimization of parameters of the BDM with a measuring and computing system for controlling the temperature of the gas medium, pressure drop, and a self-tuning microprocessor controller was developed. A technological scheme for installing control and measuring equipment has been developed for preparing coal for burning in a thermal power plant boiler unit. Explosion safety control in the technological cycle of preparing gas coals for burning is carried out constantly using methane and oxygen concentration sensors. The operability of the control system was confirmed on the industrial mill of the boiler unit BKZ-160-100PT TPP of "Kramatorskteploenergo" TPP. Keywords: ball drum mill, coal grinding, methane, explosion safety, control system.

Influence of grinding on rail surface and profile - A review

Consistent running of rolling stock on the rails causes fatigue to accumulate and leads to various defects on both the rails and the wheels. Rail grinding operations are used to remove these surface defects, resulting in an increase in the lifespan of the rails and avoiding premature replacement of rails, which is an enormous cost to the exchequer. Various grinding parameters influence the quality of grinding and the resultant surface quality of rails. In this paper, we will be reviewing the various parameters that impact the grinding quality, rail profile, and quality of the surface finish post-grinding.

Investigating the Effect of Grinding Time on High-Speed Grinding of Rails by a Passive Grinding Test Machine.

High-speed rail grinding is a unique passive grinding maintenance strategy that differs from conventional grinding techniques. Its grinding behavior is dependent on the relative motion between the grinding wheel and rail; hence, it possesses great speed and efficiency. In this study, the effects of the duration of grinding time and the increase in the number of grinding passes on the grinding of high-speed rails were investigated using passive grinding tests with a single grinding time of 10 s and 30 s and grinding passes of once, twice, and three times, respectively. The results show that when the total grinding time was the same, the rail removal, grinding ratio of grinding wheels, rail grinding effect, grinding force, and grinding temperature were better in three passes of 10 s grinding than in one pass of 30 s grinding, indicating that the short-time and multi-pass grinding scheme is not only conducive to improving the grinding efficiency and grinding quality in the high-speed rail grinding but can also extend the service life of the grinding wheels. Moreover, when the single grinding times were 10 s and 30 s, respectively, the grinding removal, grinding efficiency, grinding marks depth, and surface roughness of rail increased with the number of grinding passes, implying that the desired rail grinding objective can be achieved by extending the grinding time via the multi-pass grinding strategy. The results and theoretical analysis of this study will contribute to re-conceptualizing the practical operation of high-speed rail grinding and provide references for the development of the grinding process and grinding technology.

Wear behavior of alumina abrasive belt and its effect on surface integrity of titanium alloy during conventional and creep-feed grinding

Abrasive belt grinding is commonly used in the surface processing of key components of major equipment, such as blade, blisk and rail, due to its cold and flexible processing characteristics. Creep feed belt grinding (CFBG) can effectively improve the processing efficiency; however, it will result in severe abrasive belts wear and low grinding quality. This study comparatively investigated the abrasive belt wear behavior and its effect on surface integrity of titanium alloy during CFBG and conventional belt grinding (CBG), It was revealed that CFBG led to more severe abrasive belt wear than CBG, and the main wear form of abrasive belt was abrasive grain fracture (account for more than 40%) during CFBG, while that was abrasive grain attrition during CBG. Besides, the grinding temperature and grinding force in CFBG were more significant than those in CBG. With the increase of the abrasive belt wear, the grinding temperature and grinding force gradually decreased. Furthermore, as the abrasive belt worn, the ground surface was gradually flattened, and the roughness of CFBG reduced from 1.16 to 0.50 μm, while that in CBG reduced from 0.704 to 0.560 μm. Compared with CBG, an apparent plastic flow and oxidation of titanium alloy occurred due to the temperature effect during CFBG, and the surface residual stress transformed from compressive to tensile as abrasive belt wore.