This study introduced an innovative and effective algorithm that aims to provide a comprehensive simulation of particle crushing behavior in complex granular materials. Based on the Griffith's strength theory, the algorithm was formulated and implemented using the discrete element method (DEM). This algorithm accurately simulates the crushing behavior of real particles under arbitrary three-dimensional stress states. The robustness of the proposed method and the distribution pattern of the resulting child particles were verified through a series of single- and multi-particle crush tests. The findings demonstrate that the proposed approach exhibits exceptional generalizability, effectively describes the particle crushing behavior of granular materials, and features high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The particle crushing simulations were conducted accordingly via DEM on a combination of natural gravel (NG), recycled mortar (RM), and recycled brick (RB) aggregates for use in road bases. The results revealed the particle crushing mechanisms in single-, binary-, and ternary-type recycled aggregate mixtures. Additionally, this study revealed the influence of recycled aggregate types on particle crushing within these different mixtures. The ternary design charts and tables were developed to determine the maximum contents of recycled aggregates in accordance with the particle crushing value requirements for different highway classes and aggregate base types. This study not only holds significant theoretical importance in developing efficient particle-crushing algorithms, but also offers valuable insights and scientific references for improving the resourceful utilization of recycled aggregates derived from construction and demolition wastes in road bases.