Green Tissue Research Articles

PKS1 involved in anthocyanin accumulation in red-skinned pear fruit.

PcPKS1 can prevent PcCSN5a from acting as an inhibitor of anthocyanin synthesis by binding to PcCSN5a, ultimately leading the accumulation of anthocyanins. Light is a crucial environmental factor that regulates anthocyanin accumulation in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms by which light signals influence anthocyanin accumulation in fruits have not yet been fully elucidated. We identified the differentially expressed gene Pyrus communis PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE 1 (PcPKS1), which is associated with anthocyanin accumulation in plants, in a previous study. Through measurements of the expression of PcPKS1 in 'Starkrimson' and 'Red Bartlett' pear fruit at various developmental stages and in different pear varieties, quantitative and transient expression experiments conducted on red and green skin tissues confirmed the relationship between PcPKS1 and anthocyanin accumulation. Pyrus communis COP9 SIGNALOSOME COMPLEX SUBUNIT 5A (PcCSN5a) protein, which interacts with PcPKS1, was identified from a yeast library screening. The interaction between the two proteins was validated through yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), and split-luciferase (Split-LUC) experiments. Subcellular localization and co-localization experiments revealed that PcPKS1 was localized to the cell membrane, whereas PcCSN5a was localized to the cell membrane and nucleus, with PcPKS1 and PcCSN5a co-localized on the cell membrane. Transient expression in strawberry fruit indicated that PcPKS1 positively regulated anthocyanin accumulation, whereas PcCSN5a negatively regulated anthocyanin accumulation and diminished the capacity of PcPKS1 to promote anthocyanin accumulation. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying light-regulated anthocyanin accumulation in red-skinned pear fruit.

Evaluation of fungicides for hop powdery mildew, Toppenish, Washington, 2024

Powdery mildew of hop is caused by Podosphaera macularis. This disease affects all green tissue of the hop plant, forming the characteristic signs of white colonies that bear mycelia and conidia and which lead to browning, shatter, and yield damage when infection occurs on the inflorescence. This report communicates efficacy data of various fungicides against powdery mildew. This trial was conducted on the hop cultivar ‘Zeus’ during the spring and summer of 2024, near Toppenish, Washington. Results from this trial will help producers develop more effective management approaches for the disease.

First report of citrus-associated rhabdovirus in Australia in citrus.

Citrus-associated rhabdovirus (CiaRV), putatively classified in the Cytorhabdovirus genus as a strain of Cytorhabdovirus caricae, was first reported in China in 2021. Budwood from an asymptomatic kumquat (Citrus japonica Thunb.) collected in the Northern Territory, Australia in November 2021 a daughter tree was propagated from this budwood onto Carrizo citrange (Citrus ×insitorum Mabb.) rootstock and grown in a controlled environment greenhouse at the Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (EMAI). Green bark tissue (100 mg) was sampled from the daughter plant and total RNA was extracted using Invitrogen Trizol TM Reagent (ThermoFisher Scientific, Australia), with DNA removed using DNaseI (Bioline, Australia). The Ramaciotti Centre for Genomics (Sydney, Australia) completed library preparation using a Truseq Stranded Total RNA with Ribo-Zero Plant kit (Illumina, California, United States) and high throughput sequencing using an Illumina NovaSeq6000 sequencing system resulting in 128,234,594 raw reads (2x150bp). The data was trimmed using BBduk (Bushnell 2017) and de novo assembled using rnaSPAdes (v3.15.5) (Bushmanova et al. 2019). The resulting contigs were analysed using a local NCBI ref_viruses_rep_genomes BLAST database (downloaded 15 December 2023). There were eight contigs showing 95-99% identity to citrus leaf blotch virus (CLBV), family Betaflexiviridae (NC_003877), and three contigs (length - 6646, 6044, 1144 nucleotides; coverage - 2043, 174, 214x, respectively) generated showed 80.6, 78.6 and 83% identity to C. caricae (NC_055504). These contigs were analysed using the NCBI BLASTn database online and were 94.5% (MT302546), 90.7% (MT302546) and 94.7% (MT302545) identical to CiaRV isolates from China. Mapping of reads to MT302546 using Geneious Prime (Biomatters, New Zealand) resulted in a consensus sequence (PP998055) of a CiaRV genome with 92.8% identity to both MT302545 and MT302546 isolates. To confirm the presence of CiaRV in the sample, two primer sets, LF117/LR120 (Zhang et al. 2021) and CiaRV-F/CiaRV-R (Huang et al. 2023), were engaged to amplify regions of the L gene or nucleocapsid protein gene respectively. Bidirectional amplicon sequencing was followed by alignment using Geneious Prime (Biomatters) to the consensus sequence obtained by HTS, resulting in 100% identity. A further 176 citrus samples from Australia were tested by RT-PCR using the CiaRV-F/CiaRV-R primers that partially amplify the nucleoprotein (N) gene. Four trees (3 × kumquat, 1 × lemon (Citrus ×limon (L.) Osbeck)) were found to contain CiaRV including a kumquat which was held at EMAI as a living control for CLBV for over 20 years. Bidirectional Sanger sequencing was completed for each of the four positive samples with >99% similarity of each to the original sample. CiaRV was first detected in citrus (Citrus spp.), passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) and paper bush (Edgeworthia chrysantha Lindl.) trees (Zhang et al. 2021) with no symptoms in infected citrus and foliar symptoms observed in the latter two hosts. The papaya virus E strain of C. caricae causes mild leaf vein clearing in Macroptilium lathyroides. When co-infected with cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), severe leaf mosaic is observed (Cornejo-Franco et al. 2022), noting that CPSMV causes mild leaf mottling in single infection of the host. The likely transmission of CiaRV by whitefly (Zhang et al. 2021), may result in the transmission of CiaRV to other hosts and possible mixed infections, increasing symptom severity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CiaRV outside of China and it likely has been present in Australia for decades, possibly imported in budwood.

Rooting depth and specific leaf area modify the impact of experimental drought duration on temperate grassland species

Abstract Due to climate change, temperate grasslands are being exposed to increasingly severe droughts. Concurrently, land‐use intensification is altering grasslands' functional composition by promoting fast‐growing, resource‐acquisitive species with high specific leaf area (SLA). How SLA affects the ability of grassland species to resist and recover from increasingly severe droughts and if deep roots improve their drought performance remains unclear. To investigate this, we established a common‐garden field experiment including temperate grassland species with SLAs of 17.9–39.3 mm2 g−1 and maximal rooting depths of 16–252 cm. After 1.5 years, we simulated droughts for 0, 79, 134, 177 and 220 days. Drought effects on plant performance increased with drought length, reducing the survival of green tissue and annual biomass by up to ~50% across all 32 species considered. As plant‐available water remained in deep soil layers by the end of all treatments, deep roots mitigated the negative effect of increasing drought length on productivity in the later stage of drought and favoured productivity after a longer drought. The low‐to‐high SLA trait gradient among the 16 graminoid species seemed to represent alternative survival strategies ranging from dehydration tolerance to dehydration avoidance, rather than drought sensitivity. Variable drought responses along the SLA gradient of forbs imply that multiple other traits are related to drought resistance across evolutionarily distant species. Synthesis. Our results suggest that deep roots are beneficial for temperate grassland species subjected to longer periods without rainfall when plant‐available water is lacking in shallow soil layers but remaining in deep soil layers. In the face of increasing drought severity, we thus recommend (1) fostering deep‐rooted species in intensive grasslands on deep, productive soil and (2) directing further studies towards identifying management practices that support deep rooting in semi‐natural grasslands.

Effects of Spring Freeze Damage and Training Systems on the Viticulture Performance of Young ‘Marquette’ Grapevines

‘Marquette’ is a cold-hardy hybrid grape cultivar that has received increased attention for its use in wine production in the upper midwestern and northeastern United States since it was released in 2006. However, ‘Marquette’ is an early budburst cultivar susceptible to spring freeze damage. We examined the influence of high wire bilateral flat cane (HWC) and four-arm Kniffin (4AK) training systems on young ‘Marquette’ performance during a year with spring freeze damage (2017) and the subsequent season without frost events (2018). In 2017, there were two consecutive spring frost events at the experimental site approximately 2 weeks after the vines reached 50% budburst, which damaged more than 70% of the shoots. The percentage of freeze-damaged shoots and the severity of freeze damage to green tissues did not differ between training systems, but 4AK vines had higher yield at harvest (5.16 kg/vine or 3.12 tons/acre) than HWC vines (3.45 kg/vine or 2.10 tons/acre) because of the greater number of buds retained at winter pruning. There was no freeze damage close to budburst in 2018, and the yield of 4AK vines was still higher (11.74 kg/vine or 7.08 tons/acre) than that of HWC vines (8.20 kg/vine or 4.98 tons/acre). In 2018, the Ravaz index (yield-to-pruning weight) values were lower for HWC vines (3.41) than for 4AK vines (5.39), but the training system did not consistently affect fruit composition in either vintage. Within the 4AK system, shoots that emerged from the lower cane had more freeze damage than those of the upper cane and produced lower crop yield and fruit with lower soluble sugars in both vintages. Our results suggest that ‘Marquette’ vines can be grown on a training system with high cropping potential, such as a divided canopy system or a single canopy, with a higher number of buds and shoots than that of our study. Among divided canopy systems, 4AK might not be the best option for vigorous ‘Marquette’ vines because, in addition to greater susceptibility to freeze damage, the lower cane of 4AK was highly shaded by the upper highly vegetative canopy, which might have caused its lower productivity and soluble sugars at harvest compared with those of the upper cane.

Comparative study on the effects of high dietary levels of pectin and soybean oil on liver health and bile acid homeostasis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Comparative study on the effects of high dietary levels of pectin and soybean oil on liver health and bile acid homeostasis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Photosynthesis Responses to the Infection with Plant Pathogens.

Photosynthesis, the remarkable process by which green plants synthesize nutrients using light energy, plays a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth. However, the effects of pathogens on photosynthesis are not widely understood. In general, a reduction of photosynthesis occurs upon the infection with pathogens. Two main scenarios are responsible for the reduction in photosynthetic capacity. In the first scenario, the pathogen attacks green aerial tissues such as caused by fungal and bacterial leaf spots and blights which affect photosynthesis by destroying green leaf tissue or causing defoliation. This leads to a decrease in the photosynthetic area, ultimately reducing photosynthesis. Interestingly, even when the overall chlorophyll content of leaves is significantly reduced due to pathogen invasion, the remaining chlorophyll-containing leaf area may maintain or even enhance its photosynthetic efficiency. This compensatory mechanism helps mitigate the loss of photosynthetic area. However, the overall yield of the plant is still affected. The second scenario is a reduction in chlorophyll content due to chlorosis, which is characterized by yellowing of leaves. It is a common symptom of plant diseases. It refers to a reduction in the amount of chlorophyll per chloroplast, rather than a decrease in chloroplast number. Diseases caused by viruses and phytoplasmas often exhibit chlorosis. While pathogens disrupt photosynthesis, plants exhibit significant adaptations to cope with these challenges. Understanding these interactions is essential for sustainable agriculture and ecosystem health. Thus, in this review, we discuss the effect of several pathogens on the photosynthesis processes and efficiency in detail.

Iron metabolism acts as a bridge between photosynthesis and red coloration of bud galls induced on Nothofagus obliqua (Nothofagaceae).

Color and morphology are some of the most intriguing traits of plant galls, whose patterns resemble fruits and flowers. Many hypotheses were proposed to explain the involvement of anthocyanin accumulation with the development of red gall hues, whose mechanisms seem idiosyncratic. Anthocyanins are related to photoprotective strategies in green tissues and metal accumulation in some flowers. Despite that, the combination of such physiological phenomena has been neglected for galls, which are photosynthetic neoplasms genetically similar to reproductive organs. Here, we integrated different perspectives by measuring photosynthetic pigment and anthocyanin concentration combined with fluorescence quenching analysis, antioxidant activity assays, and histochemical elemental mapping in red and green galls induced by Espinosa nothofagi (Hymenoptera) on Nothofagus obliqua (Nothofagaceae). We found no relationship between high anthocyanin concentrations, light exposure, and red coloration in galls as anthocyanin concentrations were higher in the outermost tissues of green galls than in red galls. Red galls presented higher concentrations of total chlorophyll and lower carotenoid concentrations than green galls and leaves, which correlated with their highest photosynthetic activity and iron accumulation. The red color coincides with the accumulation of aluminum and Fe3+ and the lowest antioxidant capacity in the gall outer tissue. The high antioxidant capacity of N. obliqua galls and the Fe2+ and Fe3+ distribution are related to high photosynthesis, Fe-use efficiency in galls, and the supply of Fe to the inducer diet. Overall, iron metabolism connects the high photosynthesis activity to the red gall color in the presence of low anthocyanin concentrations, like some flowers.

A New Source of Inoculum for Stemphylium vesicarium: Consequences for the Management of Brown Spot of Pear

Brown spot of pear (BSP), caused by Stemphylium vesicarium, is one of the most dangerous pear fungal diseases, being responsible for huge losses in production. Currently, in order to increase its containment, chemical control is implemented in conjunction with agronomic techniques able to reduce BSP inoculum sources (e.g., orchard grass sanitation, litter removal or application of biocontrol agents). Regardless, despite the introduction of agronomic practices, the complete control of the disease is still rarely possible, which suggests that other sources of S. vesicarium inoculum that are currently neglected may be involved. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible wintering forms of Pleospora allii/S. vesicarium on pear wood and whether any spore-forming productions (conidial or ascosporic) might infect the green tissues of the plant in the following spring. Symptomatic fragments of woody tissue from a commercial pear orchard (in Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna, Italy) with a high BSP pressure (~40% incidence) were analysed. The results prove that pseudothecia and the maturation of ascospores of P. allii also develop on one-year-old branch cankers of pear trees, thus representing an additional source of inoculum. In conclusion, the pruning of affected branches and removal of relative residues should be preventatively performed in order to improve BSP management and control.

The variegated canalized-1 tomato mutant is linked to photosystem assembly

The variegated canalized-1 tomato mutant is linked to photosystem assembly

Impact nano- and micro- form of CdO on barley growth and oxidative stress response

Impact nano- and micro- form of CdO on barley growth and oxidative stress response

Non-Foliar Photosynthesis in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Plants: Beyond the Leaves to Inside the Seeds

In addition to leaves, photosynthesis can occur in other green plant organs, including developing seeds of many crops. While the majority of studies examining photosynthesis are concentrated on the leaf level, the role of other green tissues in the production of total photoassimilates has been largely overlooked. The present work studies the photosynthetic behavior of leaves and non-foliar (pericarps, coats, and cotyledons) organs of pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants at the middle stage of seed maturation. The Chl a fluorescence transient was examined based on OJIP kinetics using the FluorPen FP 110. A discrepancy was observed between the performance index (PIABS) for foliar and non-foliar plant tissues, with the highest level noted in the leaves. The number of absorbed photons (ABS) and captured energy flow (TRo) per reaction center (RC) were elevated in the non-foliar tissues, which resulted in a faster reduction in QA. Conversely, the energy dissipation flux per RC (DIo/RC and PHI_Do) indicated an increase in the overall dissipation potential of active reaction centers of photosystem II. This phenomenon was attributed to the presence of a higher number of inactive RCs in tissues that had developed under low light intensity. Furthermore, the expression of genes associated with proteins and enzymes that regulate ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCo) activity was observed, including chaperonins Cpn60α and Cpn60β, RuBisCO activase, as well as phosphoribulokinase. The expression of these genes was found to differ between foliar and non-foliar tissues, indicating that the activation state of RuBisCO may be modified in response to light intensity. Overall, the present study provides insights into the mechanisms by which non-foliar green tissues of plants adapt to efficient light capture and utilization under low light conditions.

Diagnosis and Surgical Removal of a Corneal Dermoid in a Red-Eyed Tree Frog, Agalychnis callidryas (Anura, Hylidae), from the Tenorio Volcano, Costa Rica

Abstract A male, red-eyed frog (Agalychnis callidryas) was collected from the Tenorio Volcano region in Costa Rica due to the presence of a unilateral ocular abnormality affecting its left eye. Approximately 70% of the cornea was replaced by a well demarcated, 5.0 mm in diameter, opaque, bright green and roughened tissue compatible with skin. The affected eye was enucleated under established ophthalmic surgical procedures. A dermoid was confirmed by histopathology based on the finding of amphibian cutaneous (epidermal and dermal) tissue replacing the cornea and characterized by the presence of keratinized epidermis, spongy dermis, and integumentary glands. After a successful post-operative recovery period the frog was released back to the wild, demonstrating the viability of medical intervention and surgery in wild amphibians. Dermoids are congenital lesions that result from a failure in the differentiation of the superficial ectoderm to generate normal corneal epithelium and the subsequent development of epidermis and dermal tissues in the area. Corneal dermoids have been reported in horses, cattle, sheep, wildebeest, pigs, rats, dogs, cats, birds, and humans, this being the first case reported in amphibians. In the locality where the frog was found, several other ophthalmic abnormalities have been documented in other amphibians. Active monitoring of wild amphibians is ongoing, and possible causes of ophthalmic abnormalities in the area are being investigated.

Deciphering the behind blackspot exocarp disorder in avocado cv. Hass through a hormonal, transcriptional and metabolic integration approach

Deciphering the behind blackspot exocarp disorder in avocado cv. Hass through a hormonal, transcriptional and metabolic integration approach

Thevetia thevetioides Cardenolide and Related Cardiac Glycoside Profile in Mature and Immature Seeds by High-Resolution Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Quadrupole Time of Flight-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (Q-TOF MS/MS) Reveals Insights of the Cardenolide Biosynthetic Pathway.

Thevetia thevetioides is a species within the Apocynaceae family known for containing cardenolide-glycosides, commonly referred to as cardiac glycosides, which are characteristic of this genus. The seeds of the Thevetia species are frequently used as a model source for studying cardiac steroids, as these glycosides can be more readily extracted from the oil-rich seeds than from the plant's green tissues. In this work, the cardenolide profile of ripe and immature seeds was determined and compared to establish the main differences. Ripe seeds contain six related cardenolides and triosides, with thevetin B being the predominant component. In contrast, immature seeds exhibit a total of thirteen cardiac glycosides, including monoglycosides such as neriifolin and peruvosides A, B, and C, as well as diglycosides like thevebiosides A, B, and C. Some of these compounds have previously been identified as degradation products of more complex cardiac glycosides; however, their presence in immature seeds, as described in this study, suggests that they may serve as biosynthetic precursors to the triosides observed in mature seeds. The glycoside patterns observed via HPTLC are associated with specific chemical structures characteristic of this genus, typically featuring thevetose or acetyl-thevetose at the first position, followed by glucose or gentibiose in di- or trisaccharides, independent of the trioside aglycones identified: digitoxigenin, cannogenin, or yccotligenin. Ripe seeds predominantly contain triosides, including thevetin B, C, and A, the latter of which has not been previously reported.

JrPPO1/2 play distinct roles in regulating walnut fruit browning by different spatiotemporal expression and enzymatic characteristics

JrPPO1/2 play distinct roles in regulating walnut fruit browning by different spatiotemporal expression and enzymatic characteristics

Overexpression of Liriodendron Hybrid LhGLK1 in Arabidopsis Leads to Excessive Chlorophyll Synthesis and Improved Growth.

Chloroplasts is the site for photosynthesis, which is the main primary source of energy for plants. Golden2-like (GLK) is a key transcription factor that regulates chloroplast development and chlorophyll synthesis. However, most studies on GLK genes are performed in crops and model plants with less attention to woody plants. In this study, we identified the LhGLK1 and LhGLK2 genes in the woody plant Liriodendron hybrid, and they are specifically expressed in green tissues. We showed that overexpression of the LhGLK1 gene improves rosette leaf chlorophyll content and induces ectopic chlorophyll biogenesis in primary root and petal vascular tissue in Arabidopsis. Although these exhibit a late-flowering phenotype, transgenic lines accumulate more biomass in vegetative growth with improved photochemical quenching (qP) and efficiency of photosystem II. Taken together, we verified a conserved and ancient mechanism for regulating chloroplast biogenesis in Liriodendron hybrid and evaluated its effect on photosynthesis and rosette biomass accumulation in the model plant Arabidopsis.

Функциональные характеристики почек возобновления Нeracleum sosnowskyi Manden. в период подготовки к перезимовке

Based on the study of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Heracleum sosnowskyi buds we identified functional adaptations during the preparation of plants for overwintering. The freezing point of water in the buds tissues was –12 оC in October, while maintaining high water content (more than 80%). Buds has a relatively high efficiency of respiration at low positive temperatures (2–5 оC), which favors morphogenesis processes in the shoot vegetative cone in autumn. During the preparation for overwintering the buds accumulated osmoregulators – soluble sugars, free amino acids, including proline. A relatively high level of cytokinin growth hormones was found in the buds tissues. This contributes to morphogenesis processes and increases plant cold tolerance. We found that in December the abscisic acid (a growth inhibitor and resting hormone) content increases and the level of cytokinins decrease. Heracleum sosnowskyi formed buds differing in the photosynthetic pigments content. Buds with green scale leaves accumulated the greatest amount of chlorophylls and carotenoids, while those with red-brown and yellow ones accumulated the least. The carotenoids accumulation in the green buds tissues protects the formed photosynthetic apparatus at low positive temperatures in autumn. The results on the functional state of H. sosnowskyi terminal buds in natural populations indicate the absence of deep dormancy in plants, and morphogenesis processes in meristems tissues are limited by winter temperatures.

A handheld device for intra-cavity and ex vivo fluorescence imaging of breast conserving surgery margins with 5-aminolevulinic acid

BackgroundVisualization of cancer during breast conserving surgery (BCS) remains challenging; the BCS reoperation rate is reported to be 20-70% of patients. An urgent clinical need exists for real-time intraoperative visualization of breast carcinomas during BCS. We previously demonstrated the ability of a prototype imaging device to identify breast carcinoma in excised surgical specimens following 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) administration. However, this prototype device was not designed to image the surgical cavity for remaining carcinoma after the excised lumpectomy specimen is removed. A new handheld fluorescence (FL) imaging prototype device, designed to image both excised specimens and within the surgical cavity, was assessed in a clinical trial to evaluate its clinical utility for first-in-human, real-time intraoperative imaging during index BCS.ResultsThe imaging device combines consumer-grade imaging sensory technology with miniature light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and multiband optical filtering to capture high-resolution white light (WL) and FL digital images and videos. The technology allows for visualization of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which fluoresces red when excited by violet-blue light. To date, n=17\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$n = 17$$\\end{document} patients have received 20mgkg\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$20\\frac{\ ext {mg}}{\ extrm{kg}}$$\\end{document} bodyweight (BW) 5-ALA orally 2-4 h before imaging to facilitate the accumulation of PpIX within tumour cells. Tissue types were identified based on their colour appearance. Breast tumours in sectioned lumpectomies appeared red, which contrasted against the green connective tissues and orange-brown adipose tissues. In addition, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) that was missed during intraoperative standard of care was identified at the surgical margin at <1 mm depth. In addition, artifacts due to the surgical drape, illumination, and blood within the surgical cavity were discovered.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated the detection of a grossly occult positive margin intraoperatively. Artifacts from imaging within the surgical cavity have been identified, and potential mitigations have been proposed.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01837225 (Trial start date is September 2010. It was registered to ClinicalTrials.gov retrospectively on April 23, 2013, then later updated on April 9, 2020, to reflect the introduction of the new imaging device.)

Oxylipin biosynthesis via an unprecedented 16-hydroperoxide lyase pathway in green tissues of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants

Oxylipin biosynthesis via an unprecedented 16-hydroperoxide lyase pathway in green tissues of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants