Green Technology Sector Research Articles

Earnings optimism in green stocks

ABSTRACT In this study, we systematically examine earnings expectations, proxied by consensus analyst earnings forecast errors (EFEs), about stocks in green energy and clean technology sectors. We find that the EFEs of green stocks are generally positive from 1992 to 2016, indicating a predominance of earnings optimism. However, the earnings optimism of green stocks is significantly less strong than that of the market portfolio. In addition, we observe a segment-varying earnings optimism pattern in green stocks. Moreover, it is observed that investors become more and more optimistic when forecasting earnings of green stocks. In the period from 2008 to 2016, while investors exhibit slightly less optimistic expectations about market-level earnings performance after experiencing the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, they tend to be clearly more confident about the earnings prospects of green stocks in the same period as the first and second commitment periods of the Kyoto Protocol take effect.

The Nexus of Artificial Intelligence and Green Innovation: a Cross-Density Analysis at the Country Level

AbstractThis study explored the synergistic effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on green innovation at the national level by identifying three core activities in green innovation: entry, exit, and sustained specialization in green technologies. Employing a comprehensive three-way fixed-effects panel model, we analyzed green innovation trends in 139 countries over a 30-year period. Our findings emphasize that technological capability, especially in green and AI technologies, is more pivotal than economic wealth in securing comparative advantages in green technologies. One notable observation is the path-dependent development of green technology, which suggests a propensity for nations to build new technologies based on existing strengths. A key contribution of this study is the development of the “AI-Green Cross-Density” model. This innovative method quantifies the interactions between green and AI technologies and highlights the role of AI in promoting green innovation. The influence of AI on the introduction of new green technologies has become more pronounced in recent years, particularly in economically less-developed countries. Our findings indicate that the integration of modern AI can significantly enhance green technology sectors in mid-to-low-income countries, providing vital insights for policymakers striving to foster a sustainable and technologically advanced future.

Understanding green procurement dynamics: An assessment framework for public sector organizations

Governments globally face increasing pressure from climate advocates and international agreements, such as the Paris Agreement, to enact policies addressing climate change. This paper addresses the imperative for sustainable practices outlined in such agreements, with a specific focus on assessing the drivers of Green Procurement Practices (GPP) within Public Sector Organizations (PSOs). A dearth of research exists in systematically analyzing and prioritizing these drivers, exploring their interdependencies, and elucidating their relative importance. GPP is pivotal in market transformation by promoting environmentally friendly products and endorsing low-carbon, energy-efficient alternatives. This, in turn, contributes significantly to mitigating climate change and fostering a shift towards a greener, more sustainable economy. Identification of the drivers has been performed by an extensive review of the literature combined with the author's viewpoint, while the analysis has been performed using the novel method of Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA) and Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) with Matriced' Impacts Croise's Multiplication Applique'e a UN Classement (MICMAC) analysis. The study's outcome reveals that the Demand for Eco-friendly products is the primary driver for the incorporation of GPP, followed by the drivers' Presence of guidelines support and Government Regulations. Findings of the research also demonstrate that suppliers' propensity to adopt green practices depends on several factors, including sustainable supplier cooperation, degree of commitment to embrace green initiatives, government interventions in the form of incentives and guidelines support, and the presence of a legal framework. The findings of this research will enrich the understanding of policymakers and managers to formulate strategies for advancing GPP structured and sustainable implementation in PSOs. The study's findings will also benefit green technology sector advancement through the widespread adoption of GPP.

FREEDOM, POVERTY, AND IMPACT REWARDS

AbstractA free world is one in which human beings can live free, self-directed lives. A great obstacle to such a world is severe poverty, still blighting the lives of half of humankind. We have the resources, technologies, and administrative capacities to eradicate severe poverty, but doing so requires some restructuring of existing social arrangements. We might begin with the current regime governing innovation, which has monopoly markups as its key funding source. Such monopoly rents encourage the quest for innovations, but also greatly impede their diffusion. This headwind harms the poor, who cannot afford monopoly prices and whose specific needs innovators thus tend to ignore. It also works against potential innovations whose benefits would mostly go to third parties whom buyers care little about. Both problems can be much alleviated through a supplementary alternative reward mechanism that would enable innovators to exchange their monopoly privileges on any patentable technology for impact rewards based on the social benefits achieved with it. By promoting innovations and their diffusion together, international impact funds would bring substantial gains in justice and cost-effectiveness, especially in the pharmaceutical and green-technology sectors.

Innovation in Green Building Sector for Sustainable Future

Recent advancements in green building technologies (GBTs) have grown substantially, as an outcome of the environmental, economic and societal benefits. It has the potential to move toward sustainable development, specifically related to climate change. In GBTs, the main objective is to use energy, water and other resources in a balanced way, without using them extensively. This will improve the environmental conditions. Green buildings (GBs) are beneficial when it comes to energy consumption and emissions; low maintenance and operation costs; boosting health and productivity; etc. There is a lack of a critical review of the past or present research work in the area of the Green Building Technology (GBT) sector to identify the future roadmap for sustainable green building technologies. A critical review, with the help of proper research methodology, was identified. The scope of this study is to analyze the existing work on different issues, and find different key issues in green building research, which has minimal use of natural resources, is cost-effective and is designed and constructed for a longer duration, considering future prospects. This paper examines the state of green building construction today and makes recommendations for further study and development which will be necessary for a sustainable future. In order to encourage research, this study also identified a few possible future research directions in sustainable development.

Thévenin’s Battery Model Parameter Estimation Based on Simulink

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) proved over time to be one of the best choices among rechargeable batteries. Their small size, high energy density, long life, and low maintenance need make them a prominent candidate for the role of the most widespread energy storage system. They have the potential to monopolize the green technology sector. An accurate definition of the parameters defining the behaviour of the battery in different operating conditions is thus essential, as their knowledge proves crucial in certain fields such as those that involve electric vehicles. This paper proposes the estimation of the values of the parameters of the Thévenin equivalent circuit of a LIB commercial cell. Experimental data obtained through constant current charge/discharge cycles are analysed through a Simulink model, and results are obtained as a function of the state of charge (SOC) for a fixed and controlled temperature value. The results achieved with the proposed model can monitor the salient parameters of the equivalent circuit with an error between 7 and 10%.

Manganese nodules NOD-A-1 and NOD-P-1: Implications of pre-treatment on oxygen isotopes and mineralogy

Manganese nodules are a type of ferromanganese chemical precipitate containing a plethora of economically important metals increasingly being used in the high- and green-technology sectors. By measuring oxygen isotope ratios in these materials, we can increase our understanding of how they form, and constrain which metals are likely to be present in them. There is a lack of suitable reference materials for use in oxygen isotopic studies of samples dominated by Mn oxide minerals (i.e., Mn nodules and crusts) and, therefore, a need for their development. The samples NOD-A-1 and NOD-P-1 (United States Geological Survey), Mn nodules from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, respectively, provide the best opportunity for such a reference material but their application has been hampered by their incomplete mineralogical characterization and lack of consensus on how to pre-treat (if at all) these type of samples for δ18O analysis. We have performed a detailed mineralogical study using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Raman spectroscopy on these reference materials. In sample NOD-A-1 todorokite, goethite and/or hematite, Mg-calcite, phillipsite or chabazite, quartz and barite were identified. The minerals todorokite, birnessite, asbolane, vernadite, goethite, pyrochroite, quartz, phillipsite or chabazite, anorthite, kaolinite and barite were identified in NOD-P-1. We conducted experiments to assess the effect on δ18O and mineralogy resulting from acidification with hydrochloric acid (HCl), pre-fluorination with bromine pentafluoride (BrF5) at ambient temperature, or both acidification and pre-fluorination treatments. Results from samples given both treatments were deemed most meaningful to the study of Mn crusts and nodules, and therefore nodule research in general, by providing δ18O values representative of the relatively pure oxide-silicate fraction only. We report a δ18O value of 11.0 ± 1.0‰ for the oxide-silicate fraction of NOD-A-1, and a value of 11.1 ± 0.7‰ for the same fraction in NOD-P-1, with results showing a δ18O shift of up to 10.3‰, as a function of nodule and the pre-treatment used. The δ18O values of samples given both treatments converge and are substantially 18O-depleted relative to that of corresponding untreated material, which was found to contain various 18O-enriched phases such as carbonate minerals and non-stoichiometric water. Based on our results, we recommend that for all future analyses of Mn nodules and crusts, the samples receive both treatments to ensure accurate and consistent results.

The impact of eco-innovation drivers on environmental performance: Empirical results from the green technology sector in Malaysia

Cleaner production has become necessary to create resource-efficient production, as societies have become increasingly concerned with environmental issues. This paper develops a theoretical structural model representing the impact of five latent variables of eco-innovation drivers on the environmental performance. The conceptual framework is empirically tested based on a survey of Malaysian green tech companies. The results suggest that compliance with environmental regulations is the strongest predictor in the model. Market focus and technology used were confirmed as drivers that impact environmental performance positively. This paper concludes that the values of eco-innovation allow companies to counter challenges from competitors in the marketplace.

Green Banking and Its Potentiality & Practice in Bangladesh

Banks are financial institution which can play an outstanding role between sustainable economic growth and environmental protection in order to prove themselves as environment friendly and socially accountable institution. For promoting this there is nothing but “Green Banking” which is the most talked topic in the recent banking activities and responsibilities. Green Banking refers to the banking business conducted in selected area and technique that helps the reduction of carbon emission surround the world. To aid the reduction of carbon emission bank should finance green technology and pollution reducing sectors. Green finance is an integral part of Green banking that makes a great contribution to the transition to resource-efficient and low carbon industries. Green Banking is certainly a new initiative throughout the world. The leading bankers and entrepreneurs have come forward to protect human being from environmental disasters. In the context of Bangladesh, if we think about it, we will find the situation to be terrible. Our people have little awareness about environment pollution and they do not understand the severe consequences of this pollution which will create an unexpected trouble in the coming decades.

Network types and performance in SMEs: the mediating effects of technology commercialization

This study seeks to explore the mediating technology commercialization in the relationship between network types and business performance. Building on literature regarding technology commercialization and networks, hypotheses are developed and tested using 221 samples collected from Korean small- and medium-sized enterprises which operate in the Green Information Technology sector. Results reveal that technology commercialization plays a mediating role in the link. In particular, it is found that the commercialization activity fully mediates the association between network diversity and the business outcome. The findings imply that particular emphasis should be placed on technology commercialization activities in order to bring intensity-based network activities to superior performance.

Technology transfer? The rise of China and India in green technology sectors

International technology transfer is central to the debate about how to curb the carbon emissions from rapid economic growth in China and India. But given China and India's great progress in building innovation capabilities and green industries, how relevant is technology transfer for these countries? This paper seeks insights from three green technology sectors in both countries: wind power, solar energy and electric and hybrid vehicles. We find that, conventional technology transfer mechanisms such as foreign direct investments and licensing, were important for industry formation and take-off. However, as these sectors are catching up, new ‘unconventional technology transfer mechanisms’ such as R&D partnerships and acquisition of foreign firms have become increasingly important. We argue that there is limited practical and analytical mileage left in the conventional approach to technology transfer in these sectors in China and India. We argue that the emphasis should shift from transfer of mitigation technology to international collaboration and local innovation.

Technology Transfer? The Rise of China and India in Green Technology Sectors

International technology transfer is central to the debate about how to curb the carbon emissions from rapid economic growth in China and India. But given China and India’s great progress in building innovation capabilities and green industries, how relevant is technology transfer for these countries? This paper seeks insights from three green technology sectors in both countries: wind power, solar energy and electric and hybrid vehicles. We find that conventional technology transfer mechanisms such as foreign direct investments and licensing were important for industry formation and take-off. However, as these sectors are catching up, new ‘unconventional transfer mechanisms’ such as R&D partnerships and acquisition of foreign firms have become increasingly important. We argue that there is limited practical and analytical mileage left in the conventional approach to technology transfer in these sectors in China and India. We argue that the emphasis should shift from transfer of mitigation technology to international collaboration and local innovation.

The political economy of the green technology sector: A study about institutions, diffusion and efficiency

This paper discusses aspects related to the green technology sector (GT sector) in Germany. In a first step institutional reforms enabling diffusion of green technologies are analyzed. Cost arguments are also taken into account. In a second step a theoretical model developed by Tanguay et al. (Public Choice 120:1–27, 2004) is modified in order to evaluate the efficiency of the institutional setting in a political economy framework. The model is able to show that command and control policies (CCPs) are accompanied by cost-inefficiencies depending on the political weight of technology related interests groups. We further come to the result that relatively high marginal production costs may generate suboptimal high diffusion of a certain GT j. For relatively low marginal production costs policy induced demand may also be too low.