Green State Research Articles

The OsABCI7 Transporter Interacts with OsHCF222 to Stabilize the Thylakoid Membrane in Rice.

The thylakoid membrane is a highly complex membrane system in plants and plays crucial roles in the biogenesis of the photosynthetic apparatus and plant development. However, the genetic factors involved in chloroplast development and its relationship with intracellular metabolites are largely unknown. Here, a rice (Oryza sativa) chlorotic and necrotic leaf1 (cnl1) mutant was identified and map-based cloning revealed that a single base substitution followed by a 6-bp deletion in the ATP-binding cassette transporter I family member7 (OsABCI7) resulted in chlorotic and necrotic leaves with thylakoid membrane degradation, chlorophyll breakdown, photosynthesis impairment, and cell death in cnl1 Furthermore, the expression of OsABCI7 was inducible under lower temperatures, which severely affected cnl1 chloroplast development, and etiolated cnl1 seedlings were unable to recover to a normal green state under light conditions. Functional complementation and overexpression showed that OsABCI7 could rescue the cnl1 chlorotic and necrotic phenotype. OsABCI7 interacted with HIGH CHLOROPHYLL FLUORESCENCE222 (OsHCF222) to regulate cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis for thylakoid membrane stability. OsABCI7 localized to thylakoid membranes, while OsHCF222 targeted to endoplasmic reticulum and chloroplasts. Exogenous application of ascorbic acid eased the yellowish leaf phenotype by increasing chlorophyll content and alleviating ROS stress in cnl1 Unlike cnl1, the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated OsHCF222 knockout lines showed chlorotic leaves but were seedling lethal. Our results provide insight into the functions of ABC transporters in rice, especially within the relationship between ROS homeostasis and stability of thylakoid membranes.

Comparative analysis of urban ecological management models incorporating low-carbon transformation

Global climate change, rapid urbanization, and drastic economic development pose many threats and challenges to humanity, increasing the necessity for sustainable human development, urban ecological management, and low-carbon transformation. The current studies on urban management model are relatively scattered, while most of them focus on one-dimensional and problem-oriented measures. Firstly, we review the history of urban ecological management's development, including four stages, i.e., the germination, transitional, formative, and prosperity stage, and summarize the concepts related to eco-cities. Then, we present a comparative analysis of the typical urban ecological management models worldwide, with a focus on Singapore's garden city, Japan's zero-waste city, Britain's low-carbon city, Brazil's green state capital, Australia's eco-city, Finland's eco-city development projects, and the United States' comprehensive management. Three other typical models from Sweden, Germany, and Denmark are presented. The experiences and lessons from these urban ecological management models are further discussed. Finally, a new and comprehensive management framework is proposed, incorporating the five perspectives of urban planning, industrial transformation, organizational model, environmental protection, and institution system. The framework can provide a scientific basis for the refinement of urban ecological mangement. All the analysis and conclusions will contribute to the academic research and practical operations regarding low-carbon transformation and regional sustainable development.

Political leadership and non-state actors in the greening of Botswana

ABSTRACT The global environmental crisis has drawn increasing attention to how state power should be deployed towards achieving ecological objectives. Hence, scholars have debated the form and functions that the state might take within a sustainable political-economic model. The concept of the green state is central to this debate but the concept itself raises further questions about whether and how African states fit into this categorisation. In this article, we contribute to these debates by arguing that Botswana has been greening over time and that the Ian Khama regime took this process to a high level through the hunting ban in 2014. The country orchestrated its greener model of capitalist accumulation and gross domestic growth through the wildlife economy, which is anchored on environmental policies that fuse together domestic and global interests. Between 1966 and 2018, political leaders authorised these policies that in turn shaped power relations in the wildlife sector, particularly between the state and the private sector, to the detriment of local communities.

Electrochromic behavior of poly(amine-amide) with pendant N-phenylcarbazole and triphenylamine units and its composite with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Electrochromic behavior of poly(amine-amide) with pendant N-phenylcarbazole and triphenylamine units (A1) and its composites with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated. Cyclic voltammetry showed four separate redox processes with oxidation peaks at Eox1 = 720 mV, Eox2 = 1070 mV, Eox3 = 1295 mV and Eox4 = 1730 mV vs Ag/Ag+. The first two reactions are reversible and spectroelectrochemical analysis demonstrated color changes. A1 exhibits a colorless initial state, a green radical cation state, and a blue dication state. The polymer exhibits a good stability during the electrochromic tests in the range of -400 to 1100 mV with minimal loss of the transmittance during 30 cycles. The potential increasing above 1100 mV induces the third and fourth redox reactions and results to coloring film to deep blue. However, these redox processes are chemically and electrochemically irreversible. Detailed calorimetric study and FTIR-spectra analysis of polymer before and after electrochemical measurements show change of the macromolecular structure induced by the redox processes at potentials above 1100 mV. The introduction of MWCNTs in the polymer films improves the kinetics of switching between the A1 color states while a slight decrease in the optical contrast. The FTIR spectroscopy, TG and DSC results of A1/MWCNT composites (in the range of the studied component composition) before and after electrochemical tests practically coincide with the data for pristine polymer and indicate a change in the polymer structure in the third and fourth redox reactions. Thus, the introduction of MWCNTs leads to an improvement in electrochromic characteristics during reversible redox reactions, but does not affect the destructive processes induced by the third and fourth oxidative reactions.

Using Stochastic Variation of Cyclic Green Distributions to Populate SAE J2735 Message Confidence Values along a Signalized Corridor

The communication between connected vehicles and traffic signal controllers is defined in SAE Surface Vehicle Standard J2735. SAE J2735 defines traffic signal status messages and a series of 16 confidence levels for traffic signal transitions. This paper discusses a statistical method for tabulating traffic signal data by phase and time of day and populating the SAE J2735 messages. Graphical representations of the red–green and green–yellow transitions are presented from six intersections along a 4-mile corridor for five different time-of-day timing plans. The case study provided illustrates the importance of characterizing the stochastic variation of traffic signals to identify locations, phases, and time-of-day periods when traffic indications operate with high predictability. Specific cases, such as low vehicle demand and occasional actuation of pedestrian phases are highlighted as situations that may reduce the predictability of traffic signal change intervals. The results from this study also open up discussion among transportation professionals on the importance of consistent tabulation of confidence values for both beginning and end of green signal states. We believe this paper will initiate dialog on how to consistently tabulate important data elements transmitted in SAE J2735 and perhaps refine those definitions. The paper concludes by highlighting the importance of traffic engineers and connected vehicle developers to work together to develop shared visions on traffic signal change characteristics so that the in-vehicle use cases and human–machine interface meet user expectations.

Influence of temperature and moisture content on bark/wood shear strength of black spruce and balsam fir logs

The effects of temperature (T) and moisture content (MC) on bark/wood shear strength (BWSS) were studied. Fifteen stems of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) logs were selected and cross-cut into three 1.25 m log sections, corresponding to bottom (1.3 m), middle (3.8 m), and top (6.3 m) positions. BWSS was measured at five temperatures, ranging from 10 to − 30 °C, and at five levels of sapwood moisture contents (SMC), obtained by air-drying, from green state to near to the fiber saturation point (FSP). Bark and sapwood properties, MC and basic density (BD) were also determined. Temperature had a significant effect on BWSS for both species. This property was similar between 10 and 0 °C, and significantly increased as temperature decreased below 0 °C. However, the influence of temperature on BWSS depended on SMC and it varied between the two species. For black spruce, for each temperature between 0 and − 20 °C, BWSS showed similar values for SMC between 157 and 62%. At − 30 °C, BWSS showed a tendency to increase with SMC. For balsam fir, the BWSS increase due to the decrease in temperature was more important as the SMC increased. BWSS increased as SMC approached the FSP of wood for both species. Among the studied covariates, inner bark MC and inner and outer bark BDs significantly affected BWSS. Inner bark MC and SMC affected BWSS similarly. Multiple regressions were developed for prediction purposes, which explained 68 and 69% of BWSS variability for black spruce and balsam fir, respectively.

Development of free binder zirconia-based pastes for the production of dental pieces by robocasting

The current work aims to develop high solid load zirconia pastes without organic binder additives, for the robocasting of dental structures. The effect of the amount of Dolapix CE64 dispersant on the stabilisation of zirconia aqueous suspensions was first tested. The determined optimal amount of dispersant was then used to produce pastes with zirconia concentration in the 80−90 wt% range. Pastes were further studied regarding rheological behaviour and printability. The most printable were used to produce parallelepiped blocks by robocasting; slip casting samples were also produced for comparison. Density, surface roughness, porosity, hardness and toughness of both types of samples were assessed after sintering. Finally, a model molar tooth was produced by robocasting and sintered. The most encouraging robocasting results were obtained using a paste with 0.5 wt% Dolapix CE64 and 88 wt% zirconia. The produced samples displayed 97.1 % of theoretical density, Vickers hardness of 1485 ± 32 and fracture toughness of 4.11 ± 0.09 MPa.m1/2 after sintering. Similar values were obtained for slip casting parts. A model molar tooth with adequate surface finishing was successfully obtained using the described processing parameters, together with a brushing treatment carried out in the green state. Attained results show that it is possible to build zirconia prosthetic dental structures with adequate morphological and mechanical properties by robocasting of binder free pastes. This opens an opportunity window for the cost-effective and environmentally friendly customized production of prosthetic dental structures by additive manufacturing.

Additive manufacturing of polymer‐derived ceramic matrix composites

AbstractThis study presents a fabrication method and identifies processing bounds for additively manufacturing (AM) ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), comprising a silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) ceramic matrix. A digital light projection printer was used to photopolymerize a siloxane‐based preceramic resin containing inert ceramic reinforcement. A subsequent pyrolysis converted the preceramic polymer to SiOC. Particle reinforcements of 0 to 40% by volume in the green state were uniformly dispersed in the printed samples to study their effects on pyrolysis mass loss and shrinkage, and CMC notch sensitivity and strength. Both particle and whisker reinforcements toughened the glassy SiOC matrix (1 MPa m1/2), reaching values >3 MPa m1/2. Bending strengths of >300 MPa (>150 MPa (g cm−3)−1) and a Weibull modulus of 10 were measured on AM samples without surface finish. We identified two pore formation mechanisms that placed processing bounds on sample size and reinforcement volume fraction. Methods for increasing these bounds are discussed. With properties commensurate to traditionally processed technical ceramics, the presented process allows for free‐form fabrication of high‐performance AM CMC components.

The politics of climate finance: Consensus and partisanship in designing green state investment banks in the United Kingdom and Australia

The Paris Agreement will require national level mitigation action that takes advantage of economic and technological opportunities while redirecting finance towards low-carbon alternatives. However, climate change has been politicized in many countries, potentially blocking the introduction of climate policies and broader green industrial policies. Publicly funded green investment banks (GIBs) are one policy instrument that mobilizes private finance into national opportunities. However very little is known about the political decisions behind the establishment and design of these banks. Taking an exploratory approach, we analyse the parliamentary discourse behind the establishment and design of the UK's Green Investment Bank and Australia's Clean Energy Finance Corporation. We find that the debate on GIB establishment focused on arguments related to high-level policy goals and the role of the state. The debate on GIB design focused on technology target sectors, tasks and tools to be implemented, and organizational aspects. We find a difference in political controversy levels with Australia's debates displaying distinct partisanship on all debate topics, whereas the UK's debates displayed clear consensus on the majority of debated topics. We also find that debate on higher-level establishment concepts, especially the role of the state, received more attention in Australia, whereas in the UK there was greater discussion of design concepts, namely organizational aspects. We derive propositions on the politics of GIBs beyond our two cases, and conclude with an agenda for future research.

Betting on Potatoes: Accumulation in Times of Agrarian Crisis in Punjab, India

ABSTRACTDespite the widespread consensus that neoliberal India is reeling under an overarching agrarian crisis, this article argues that at least some capitalist farmers are continuing to accumulate and are thereby contributing to the process of class differentiation. Through a study of potato‐growing capitalist farmers in Punjab, the archetypal Green Revolution state of India, the author shows that such farmers can navigate complex production and market processes to make profits. However, risks of volatile prices and land and credit markets have made capital accumulation more uncertain. While potato is a minor crop in Punjab and the case cannot be generalized, it brings into focus both under‐explored non‐state actors and processes in the state, and important tendencies of change since the plateauing of Green Revolution technologies. The analysis also highlights the agency of such farmers in negotiating a transformed political economy context, including the presence of corporate agribusinesses.

Modelling of metallic particle binders for increased part density in binder jet printed components

Binder jet printed components typically have low overall density in the green state and high shrinkage and deformation after heat treatment. It has previously been demonstrated that, by including nanoparticles of the same material in the binder, these properties can be improved as the nanoparticles can fill the interstices and pore throats between the bed particles. The beneficial effects from using these additive binder particles can be improved by maximising the binder particle size, enabling the space within the powder bed to be filled with a higher packing efficiency. The selection of maximum particle size for a binder requires detailed knowledge of the pores and pore throats between the powder bed particles. In this paper, a raindrop model is used to determine the critical radius at which binder particles can pass between pores and penetrate the bed. The model is validated against helium psychometry measurements and binder particle drop tests. It is found that the critical radius can be predicted, with acceptable accuracy, using a linear function of the mean and standard deviation of the particle radii. Percolation theory concepts have been employed in order to generalise the results for powder beds that have different mean particle sizes and size distributions. The results of this work can be employed to inform the selection of particle sizes required for binder formulations, to optimise density and reduce shrinkage in printed binder jet components.

Joining oxide ceramic matrix composites by ionotropic gelation

AbstractThe production of complex‐shaped all‐oxide ceramic matrix composites (Ox‐CMC) is somewhat restricted by their current processing methods, as well as by the lack of applicable joining techniques. Thus, we present a new method for joining Ox‐CMCs based on the gelation of slurries with the polysaccharide polymer alginate. For this investigation, Nextel 610/alumina‐zirconia composites were produced using alginate as binder and aluminum acetate as gelling agent. The joining capabilities of this technique were investigated with microstructural analyses and single‐lap compression shear tests. For that, a slurry‐containing alginate was used to join two composite plates at different stages of the processing: gel state, dried green body and after sintering. Joining composites plates in their gel or green state was successful as the joints showed shear strength values similar to the interlaminar shear strength of the composites plates. The quality of the joints was attributed to the interactions between the alginate chains of the composite plates and the joint. We also show that even the joining of already sintered Ox‐CMCs is feasible. However, densification cracks and lower shear strength are observed for such cases.

Unraveling pore evolution in post-processing of binder jetting materials: X-ray computed tomography, computer vision, and machine learning

Quality control in metal additive manufacturing prioritizes the development of advanced inspection schemes to characterize the defect evolution during processing and post-processing. This involves grand challenges in detecting internal defects and analyzing large and complex defect datasets in macroscopic samples. Here, we present an inspection pipeline that integrates (i) fast, micro X-ray computed tomography reconstruction, (ii) automated 3D morphology analysis, and (iii) machine learning-based big data analysis. X-ray computed tomography and automated computer vision result in a holistic defect morphology database for the inspected macroscopic volume, based on which machine learning analysis is employed to reveal quantitative insights into the global evolution of defect characteristics beyond qualitative human observations. We demonstrate this pipeline by examining the global-scale pore evolution in post-processing of binder jetting additive manufacturing, from the green state, to the sintered state, and to the hot isostatic pressed state of copper. The pipeline is shown to be effective at detecting and processing the information associated with a large number (∼105) of pores in macroscopic volumes. The subsequent principal component analysis and clustering analysis extract the key morphological descriptors and categorize the detected pores into four morphological groups. By quantifying the evolution of (i) the weight of pore morphology parameters and (ii) the pore number and volume fraction of each categorized group, new understandings are developed regarding the effects of sintering and hot isostatic pressing on pore decomposition, shrinkage, and smoothing during post-processing of binder jetting.

Debinding and Presintering of High Aspect Ratio Microbi-Lumen Tubes Produced by Extrusion of 17-4PH Feedstock

Abstract Recent developments have showcased that micro-extrusion of feedstock can be used for manufacturing metallic microbi-lumen tubes with very high length-to-diameter aspect ratios, which are not viable by conventional metal extrusion or commonly used feedstock processing technologies like injection molding or hot pressing. The extrusion of high aspect ratio microcomponents faces the challenge of maintaining the geometrical accuracy, surface finish, and structural properties since the micro-extrusion in green state is followed by debinding and sintering operations, which result in shrinkage and variations in surface finish and structure. The stages of the process chain such as solvent/thermal debinding (TD), to remove the polymeric binder, and presintering (PS), to achieve a mild structural rigidity before the sintering, are of critical importance to achieve the surface and structural properties of high aspect ratio microparts and have not been yet studied in case of micro-extrusion of feedstock. In this study, the effect of debinding and PS on surface and structural properties of bi-lumen tubes processed at different extrusion conditions is discussed. Surface roughness of the tubes is analyzed using three-dimensional microscopy, and structural properties are studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The debinding and PS experiments on extruded microbi-lumen tubes retained very good surfaces integrity without any cracks or defects. The study shows that the interactions of extrusion temperature and extrusion velocity influence the surface finish of the extruded tubes the most. The sintered bi-lumen samples showed a good areal surface finish, Sa of 2.21 μm, which is near to the green state value confirming the suitability of the applied debinding and PS parameters.

Production Mapping and Description of the Organoleptic Qualities of Local Varieties of Plantain (Musa spp. AAB) Cultivated in Côte d’Ivoire

Aims: A field survey was carried to apprehend the full diversity of Ivorian’s plantain. The aim was to produce a reliable and up-to-date production map of the local varieties. This study was also intended to determine their level of appreciation by local consumers on the basis of their physical, technological and sensory characteristics.
 Place and Duration of Study: The enquiries data were collected in 87 villages distributed into 22 regions of Côte d'Ivoire, between September and December 2017.
 Methodology: During the survey, data on the production, description, processing and consumption of local plantains were collected by direct individual interviews using a structured questionnaire. This information was collected in a participatory manner from 1232 (14 producers/villages).
 Results: This study identified twenty-two (22) varieties of plantain, traditionally cultivated for several generations in Côte d'Ivoire. The greatest varietal diversity has been observed in the South-East and the East, notably in the regions of Sud-Comoé, Indénié-Djuablin, Mé and Agneby-Tiassa. These varieties are variously appreciated according to their physical and organoleptic characteristics. People used them to make the usual plantain-based dishes found in Côte d’Ivoire. However, for the most questioned people, cooking specific plantain dishes requires the using of specific varieties with particular characteristics. The Agnrin, Molegna, N'gretia, Molekotoba, Ameletia, Purple banana and Banadiè varieties have been designated to be the best for “foutou”. In addition, the Banadiè variety, even in the green state, gives a nice yellow “foutou”. The above varieties are said to be perfect to prepare “Aloco”, “Docklounou” and “Clacro” at advanced ripening stages. The Afoto, Spotted banana, Kpatrè-kou, Kpatragnon, Kpatrè-n'san varieties, were recommended for “foutou”, “foufou”, roasted or chips because of their volume.
 Conclusion: Further researches are underway to explain, scientifically, the sensory and technological differences usually observed between local plantains varieties.

Impact of external amino acids on fluorescent protein chromophore biosynthesis revealed by molecular dynamics and mutagenesis studies

The precise positioning of catalytic amino acids against the substrate in an enzyme active site is a crucial factor in biocatalysis. Biosynthesis of the chromophores of fluorescent proteins (FPs) is an autocatalytic process that must conform to these requirements. Here, we show that, in addition to the internal amino acid residues in the proximity of the chromophore, chromophore biosynthesis is influenced by the remote amino acids exposed on the outer surface of the β-barrel structure of the FP. It has been shown earlier that chromophore biosynthesis of the red FP from Zoanthus sp. (zoan2RFP) proceeds via an immature green state. At the same time, the green state is the final stage of chromophore biosynthesis of green FP (zoanGFP), which is highly homologous to zoan2RFP. It was also shown that a single N66D substitution in the chromophore-forming sequence of zoanGFP might trigger the synthesis of the red chromophore. However, in this case, the synthesis of the red chromophore is incomplete and occurs only at elevated temperatures. Here, we tried to uncover additional structural determinants that govern the biosynthesis of the red chromophore. A comparison of zoanGFP and zoan2RFP revealed intrabarrel amino acid differences at five positions. Exhaustive substitutions of these five positions in zoanGFP-N66D gave rise to zoanGFPmut with the same intrabarrel amino acid composition as zoan2RFP. zoanGFPmut showed only partial green-to-red chromophore transformation at elevated temperatures. To elucidate the extra factors that can affect red chromophore biosynthesis, we performed comparative molecular dynamics simulations of zoan2RFP and zoanGFPmut. The simulations revealed several external amino acids that might influence the arrangement and flexibility of the chromophore-surrounding amino acid residues in these proteins. Mutagenesis experiments confirmed the crucial role of these residues in red chromophore biosynthesis. The obtained zoanGFPmut2 exhibited complete green-to-red transformation, suggesting that the mutated amino acids exposed on the surface of the β-barrel contribute to red chromophore biosynthesis.

London in a Box: Englishness and Theatre in Revolutionary America

London in a Box: Englishness and Theatre in Revolutionary America London in a Box: Englishness and Theatre in Revolutionary America. By Odai Johnson. (Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 2017. xviii, 273 pp. Paper, $65.00.) Scott C. Martin Scott C. Martin Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 106, Issue 4, March 2020, Pages 1049–1050, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jaz718 Published: 01 March 2020

Balancing Environmental Protection and Offshore Petroleum Developments in Guyana

This paper reviews Guyana's challenge to regulate the new petroleum sector. The need to amend several pieces of legislation to be aligned with the Aichi targets for 2020 under the Convention on Biological Diversity are examined. Aichi Target 11 provides that ‘by 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ecologically representative and well-connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, and integrated into the wider landscape and seascape.’ The Government of Guyana's Green State Development Strategy which has sustainable development at its core is also examined along with several environmental law principles. The Green State Development Strategy and several environmental law principles are discussed to highlight their relevance to the protection of the marine environment and biodiversity conservation. Several recommendations are made to highlight relevant laws which should be updated for the State to achieve the right balance regarding protection of the environment and sustainable management of offshore petroleum projects in line with the obligations under the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Evolution of porosity and geometrical quality through the ceramic extrusion additive manufacturing process stages

Ceramic Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (CEAM) enables the die-less fabrication of small ceramic parts, with a process chain that includes four consecutive stages: the 3D printing, solvent de-binding, thermal de-binding, and sintering. The 3D printing process was implemented through Ephestus, a specially developed EAM machine for the manufacturing of parts from alumina feedstock. A test part was designed, and X-ray computed tomography (μ-CT) was used to quantify its characteristics through the processing stages of the EAM. The porosity distribution and the distribution of void size and shape were determined throughout the samples at each stage, using image analysis techniques. Furthermore, the evolution of some macroscopic quality properties was measured.The results show that both microscopic (porosity) and macroscopic (geometry, density) properties of the samples improve through the process stages. A vertical gradient of porosity is present in green and de-bound samples, with porosity decreasing with increasing sample height. After sintering, the vertical gradient of porosity disappears. The sphericity and the diameter of voids are negatively correlated and dispersed over a wide range in the green state. The sintering process has a homogenization effect on the void shape distribution. The geometrical deviation from the nominal designed dimensions and the surface quality of parts improves when moving from the green to the sintered state.

Dynamic stress-strain response of high-energy ball milled aluminium powder compacts

Ball milling is a bulk powder manufacturing process used in the creation of dispersion strengthened and nanostructured materials. Fundamentally, these powders have not been dynamically characterized in a green state prior to hot consolidation. The understanding of high strain-rate compaction on void collapse and particle interaction for such systems can help the development of predictive models for impact events of porous metallic structures that may be employed as energy absorbers, reactive structures, and intermetallic materials. This study investigates high strain-rate impact of porous green compacts of as-received and high-energy ball milled (HEBM) aluminium powders characterized under dynamic compression using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) in a passive confinement configuration. The plastic deformation of the powder compacts and crush up were shown to be strain-rate insensitive within the strain rate range of 1000–2100 s−1 and as a result, were modelled adequately with a second order P-α model. The as-received aluminium and HEBM aluminium powders appear to have the same strain-hardening coefficient and strength index as solid aluminium after yielding. The respective stress-strain responses of green compacts follow the same trend but differ only in strength as result of porosity and pre-strain experienced prior to dynamic compression. The HEBM powder was found to be twice as strong as the untreated as-received aluminium powder.