Green Manufacturing Process Research Articles

Tire–road friction is a fundamental factor in vehicle safety, energy efficiency, and environmental sustainability. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on the tire–road friction coefficient (TRFC), emphasizing its dynamic nature and the interplay of factors such as tire composition, tread design, road surface texture, temperature, load, and inflation pressure. Friction mechanisms, adhesion, and hysteresis are analyzed alongside their dependence on environmental and operational conditions. The study highlights the challenges posed by emerging mobility paradigms, including electric and autonomous vehicles, which demand specialized tires to manage higher loads, torque, and dynamic behaviors. The review identifies persistent research gaps, such as real-time TRFC estimation methods and the modeling of combined environmental effects. It explores tire–road interaction models and finite element approaches, while proposing future directions integrating artificial intelligence and machine learning for enhanced accuracy. The implications of the Euro 7 regulations, which limit tire wear particle emissions, are discussed, highlighting the need for sustainable tire materials and green manufacturing processes. By linking bibliometric trends, experimental findings, and technological innovations, this review underscores the importance of balancing grip, durability, and rolling resistance to meet safety, efficiency, and environmental goals. It concludes that optimizing friction coefficients is essential for advancing intelligent, sustainable, and regulation-compliant mobility systems, paving the way for safer and greener transportation solutions.

Friction stir welding (FSW), which is termed a green manufacturing process, is a very efficient method for joining magnesium alloys. In this research work, dissimilar Mg-Al-Zn magnesium-alloys have been welded at different operating conditions using FSW method with the aim of optimizing the tensile-strength (TS). The maximum value of TS was 234.86 MPa which was obtained at 15 mm of shoulder-diameter ( SDTool), 40 mm/min of welding-speed (WS) and 1000 rpm of tool-rotational-speed (TRS). Further, mathematical model for TS was developed to optimize the TS using desirability approach. The desirability approach predicts the optimized value 248.83 MPa at 15 mm of SDTool, 30 mm/min of WS and 1000 rpm of TRS.

Grain‐oriented electrical steel (GOES) is an indispensable soft magnetic material for high‐efficiency transformers. However, GOES slabs are highly susceptible to severe oxidative scaling and decarburization during the requisite high‐temperature reheating stage, which significantly compromises the final product quality and manufacturing efficiency. This article presents a systematic review of the research progress in oxidation inhibition coatings tailored for GOES slabs. It begins by elucidating the unique high‐temperature oxidation behavior of GOES slabs and delineating the specific, demanding requirements for protective coatings, including exceptional thermal stability, robust resistance to molten slag corrosion, and superior descaling ability. Subsequently, it provides an in‐depth analysis of the core components (e.g., high‐melting‐point ceramics, low‐melting‐point glass phases, functional additives) and the underlying protective mechanisms of various coating systems. A particular focus is placed on the dynamic evolution of the multilayer coating structure and its synergistic physicochemical protective effects at elevated temperatures. Finally, this review outlines future directions for the development of high‐performance, ecofriendly, and intelligent protective coatings for GOES slabs high‐temperature reheating, encompassing the exploration of novel material systems, green manufacturing processes, and multifunctional integration. This work aims to provide a critical theoretical reference and robust technical support to advance the sustainable development of high‐performance GOES production.

The pharmaceutical industry generates significant volumes of waste across its production, distribution, and consumption phases, including active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), packaging materials, and expired or unused medicines. Improper disposal of such waste can result in environmental contamination, public health risks, and economic inefficiencies. Circular economy approaches offer transformative solutions by shifting from a linear “take–make–dispose” model to a regenerative framework that prioritizes waste minimization, material recovery, and resource optimization. This review explores strategies for integrating circular principles into pharmaceutical operations, including eco-design of drug formulations, green manufacturing processes, reverse logistics for expired products, and recovery of high-value compounds from production and post-consumer waste streams. Emerging technologies such as bioremediation, advanced separation techniques, and chemical recycling are evaluated for their role in enabling sustainable resource loops. The paper also discusses regulatory, logistical, and economic barriers to circularity, alongside case studies that demonstrate successful implementation in different global contexts. By adopting a holistic circular approach, the pharmaceutical industry can enhance environmental stewardship, reduce operational costs, and strengthen supply chain resilience while contributing to global sustainability goals.

The increasing pressure of the need of environmentally friendly and resource-friendly industrial processes, has boosted the sustainable manufacturing as a strategic necessity, especially in the emerging economies such as India. The paper presents the multi-dimensional nature of the adoption of sustainability within Indian manufacturing, in particular, small and medium enterprises (SMEs). With the mixed-methods research design, the study combines survey information of more than 100 firms, interviews with experts, the estimation of green technology, organizational enablers, and policy mechanism using simulation modeling with RETScreens and MATLAB, and structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the influence of green technologies, organizational enablers, and policy mechanisms. The findings indicate a middle ground of adoption as far as green manufacturing processes like energy systems, waste heat recovery, and closed-loop water reuse are concerned. However, adoption is not equally distributed across the sectors because of the limitation of capital, absence of technical competencies, and fractured laws. Companies that have incorporated the use of Industry 4.0 technologies including the IoT, AI, and blockchain have shown better sustainability results, particularly when coupled with endogenous forces such as the dedication of top management, cross-functional education, and awareness of cultures regarding sharing knowledge. The importance of favorable policies and government incentives is also mentioned in the study but the current mechanisms are usually found to be insufficient to cover the needs of SMEs. Fuzzy set analysis and life cycle analysis (LCA) validate that effective adoption of sustainability is the product of synergistic technologies, organizational capacity and institutional support. The study gives a verified sustainability evaluation tool that can be used by companies to compare performance and strategize on interventions. The findings offer policy-makers, executives in the manufacturing sector, and scientific communities interested in scaling sustainable manufacturing with a view to scaling it in an inclusive and systematic manner.

With the rapid development of 5G and Internet of Things technologies, the demand for self-powered and highly sensitive sensing in intelligent wearable devices is becoming increasingly urgent. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) couple contact triboelectrification with electrostatic induction that provides a revolutionary solution for mechanical energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. Electrospinning technology, with its unique capability for the controllable fabrication of nanofibers, offers an ideal material and structural platform for wearable TENG design. This review systematically introduces the latest advancements in electrospun TENGs for wearable intelligent sensing applications. Initially, commencing with the evolution of electrospinning technology, this study examines the influence of process parameters on fiber morphology and the selection strategies for polymer materials based on their triboelectric properties. Subsequently, it elaborates on the four fundamental working modes of TENGs. The spotlight is placed on the innovative applications of electrospun TENGs in energy harvesting, motion monitoring, health management, and human–machine interaction, thereby highlighting their extensive potential in wearable electronic sensing devices. Despite significant progress, challenges persist in improving output power, optimizing long-term stability, scaling up production, and addressing material toxicity. Future research should focus on nanofiber electrode interface engineering, the development of non-toxic and biodegradable materials, the integration of energy storage systems, and green manufacturing processes. This will drive the advancement of electrospun TENGs into high-performance, intelligent, and environmentally friendly wearable electronics. This effort aims to furnish sustainable solutions for personalized healthcare, intelligent sports, and human–computer interaction in the era of IoT.

Vegetable oil is regarded as a medium that can replace kerosene in electrical discharge machining (EDM) hole processing due to its renewability and environmental friendliness. Meanwhile, numerical simulation serves as an effective means to study the behavior of the gap flow field during EDM processing. Based on this, this study explored the influence of hole size and different vegetable oil dielectrics (sunflower seed oil, canola oil, and soybean oil) on the movement of electro-corrosion residues in the processing gap. The simulation results demonstrate that the viscosity of the oil affects the escape rate of the particles. In holes of 1 mm and 4 mm of size, the escape rate of canola oil at any time period is superior to that of sunflower seed oil and soybean oil. In a 1 mm hole, its average escape rate reached 19.683%, which was 0.24% and 0.19% higher than that of sunflower seed oil and soybean oil, respectively. Subsequently, experiments were conducted in combination with the simulation results to explore the influence of current, pulse width, and pulse interval on hole processing. This further confirmed the application potential of vegetable oil in electrical discharge micro-hole processing and provided theoretical support and experimental basis for optimizing the green manufacturing process.

Enhancing residents’ green consumption is essential to fostering high-quality economic advancement. This study constructs an indicator system for residents’ green consumption based on three subsystems: green manufacturing processes, sustainable lifestyles, and environmental ecosystems. A regression model analyzes how public environmental concern affects residents’ green consumption, using panel data from 30 provinces and cities in China over the period 2011–2023. Additionally, analyses of mechanisms and heterogeneity are carried out. The study results are presented below: First, public environmental concern (PEC) can significantly enhance residents’ green consumption (RGC), with an increase of 1% in PEC leading to a 0.261% rise in RGC. Second, green technological innovation (GTI) and market-based incentive environmental regulation (MER) mediate the relationship between PEC and RGC. However, the role of command-and-control environmental regulation (CER) as a mediator is insignificant. Third, there is heterogeneity in RGC based on region, pollution emissions, and innovation foundations. The impact of PEC is notably greater in central-western regions, areas with higher pollution emissions, and regions with better innovation foundations. Therefore, this study proposes policy recommendations from three aspects: improving public environmental concern, strengthening green technological innovation in enterprises, and formulating region-specific industrial upgrading paths to promote residents’ green consumption.

Nanotechnology is rapidly transforming the global economy by enabling innovative products and processes across diverse sectors including healthcare, electronics, energy, and materials science. This paper explores the current landscape of nanotechnology adoption worldwide, highlighting key market drivers, leading regions, and technological breakthroughs. It examines emerging trends such as the convergence of nanotechnology with artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and quantum computing, which together are expanding the scope and impact of nano-enabled innovations. The paper also analyzes the vast economic opportunities presented by nanotechnology, including market growth potential, job creation, and new business models, while recognizing significant challenges related to scalability, safety, regulatory frameworks, and public acceptance. Moreover, the role of nanotechnology in advancing sustainable development goals is emphasized, particularly through energy-efficient materials, green manufacturing processes, and circular economy approaches. The geopolitical and economic implications of nanotechnology leadership and competition among nations are discussed, along with concerns about equitable access and technology transfer. To realize nanotechnology’s full potential, the paper advocates for coordinated policy measures, increased investment in research and education, harmonized standards, and enhanced public engagement. Ultimately, this comprehensive overview presents a strategic roadmap for stakeholders to harness nanotechnology responsibly, ensuring it contributes to inclusive economic growth and global sustainability. The future of nanotechnology in the global economy depends on balancing innovation with ethical considerations, regulation, and societal benefit.

Nanotechnology is rapidly transforming the global economy by enabling innovative products and processes across diverse sectors including healthcare, electronics, energy, and materials science. This paper explores the current landscape of nanotechnology adoption worldwide, highlighting key market drivers, leading regions, and technological breakthroughs. It examines emerging trends such as the convergence of nanotechnology with artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and quantum computing, which together are expanding the scope and impact of nano-enabled innovations. The paper also analyzes the vast economic opportunities presented by nanotechnology, including market growth potential, job creation, and new business models, while recognizing significant challenges related to scalability, safety, regulatory frameworks, and public acceptance. Moreover, the role of nanotechnology in advancing sustainable development goals is emphasized, particularly through energy-efficient materials, green manufacturing processes, and circular economy approaches. The geopolitical and economic implications of nanotechnology leadership and competition among nations are discussed, along with concerns about equitable access and technology transfer. To realize nanotechnology’s full potential, the paper advocates for coordinated policy measures, increased investment in research and education, harmonized standards, and enhanced public engagement. Ultimately, this comprehensive overview presents a strategic roadmap for stakeholders to harness nanotechnology responsibly, ensuring it contributes to inclusive economic growth and global sustainability. The future of nanotechnology in the global economy depends on balancing innovation with ethical considerations, regulation, and societal benefit.

Nanotechnology is rapidly transforming the global economy by enabling innovative products and processes across diverse sectors including healthcare, electronics, energy, and materials science. This paper explores the current landscape of nanotechnology adoption worldwide, highlighting key market drivers, leading regions, and technological breakthroughs. It examines emerging trends such as the convergence of nanotechnology with artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and quantum computing, which together are expanding the scope and impact of nano-enabled innovations. The paper also analyzes the vast economic opportunities presented by nanotechnology, including market growth potential, job creation, and new business models, while recognizing significant challenges related to scalability, safety, regulatory frameworks, and public acceptance. Moreover, the role of nanotechnology in advancing sustainable development goals is emphasized, particularly through energy-efficient materials, green manufacturing processes, and circular economy approaches. The geopolitical and economic implications of nanotechnology leadership and competition among nations are discussed, along with concerns about equitable access and technology transfer. To realize nanotechnology’s full potential, the paper advocates for coordinated policy measures, increased investment in research and education, harmonized standards, and enhanced public engagement. Ultimately, this comprehensive overview presents a strategic roadmap for stakeholders to harness nanotechnology responsibly, ensuring it contributes to inclusive economic growth and global sustainability. The future of nanotechnology in the global economy depends on balancing innovation with ethical considerations, regulation, and societal benefit.

The development of polymer binders with tailored functionalities and green manufacturing processes is highly needed for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries. In this study, a readily hydrolyzable 3,9-divinyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro-[5.5]-undecane is utilized to prepare a water-based binder. Specifically, the acrolein produced by hydrolysis undergoes in situ polymerization to form a linear polymer, while the other hydrolyzed product, pentaerythritol, physically crosslinks these polymer chains via hydrogen bonding, generating a network polymer (BTU). Additionally, gallic acid (GA), a substance derived from waste wood, is further introduced into BTU during slurry preparation, forming a biphenol-containing binder (BG) with a multi-hydrogen-bonded structure. This resilience and robust cathode framework effectively accommodate volumetric changes during cycling while maintaining efficient ion and electron transport pathways. Furthermore, the abundant polar groups in BG enable strong polysulfide adsorption. As a result, sulfur cathode with a high mass loading of 5.3 mg cm−2 employing the BG (7:3) binder still retains an areal capacity of 4.7 mA h cm−2 after 50 cycles at 0.1 C. This work presents a sustainable strategy for battery manufacturing by integrating renewable biomass-derived materials and eco-friendly aqueous processing to develop polymer binders, offering a green pathway to high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries.

Abstract To improve the shaft forming accuracy in Cross Wedge Rolling (CWR), the authors take 42CrMo as the material of rolled products, take the shrinkage rate of rolled pieces as a test index, and optimize the rolling process parameters by correlation and variance analysis. The effects of rolling process parameters on the forming accuracy include the forming angle, section shrinkage rate, stretching angle, and rolling temperature. The optimum parameters were obtained by correlation and variance analysis. The results showed that the optimum rolling parameters include a section shrinkage rate of 50%, a forming angle of 20°, a stretching angle of 8°, and a rolling temperature of 800°C. In addition, the response surface model was constructed by DESIGN-Expert software, which was used to evaluate the effect of different rolling parameters on the forming accuracy. The results indicated that the model was accurate and reliable, with a fitting degree of 93.94%. The research results in this paper provide a reference for selecting suitable process parameters for the CWR and provide theoretical guidance for improving the forming quality of the forming shaft by CWR, which can also promote the transformation of CWR to a green energy-saving manufacturing process.

Abstract Room‐temperature liquid metals (RTLMs) exhibit inherent fluidity, metallic conductivity, remarkable stability, and recyclability, which indicate significant potential for applications in improving the efficiency of electronics recycling and reducing costs. However, the low viscosity of RTLMs and their poor interfacial adhesion to substrates typically necessitate the utilization of intricate fabrication processes. Here, a viscosity‐tunable, photothermal repairable, and full‐component recyclable eutectic gallium–indium/epoxy‐modified lignin/polyethylene glycol diacid/ethylene glycol vitrimer (EGaIn‐LPEv) is presented for printed circuits. The vitrimer system displays good interfacial stability and tunable viscosity at room temperature because of the ultra‐high reactive site content of the modified lignin and the dual dynamic bonding system by the introduction of ethylene glycol. EGaIn‐LPEv‐based printed circuit exhibits a high resolution and full component recovery of up to 7.6 µm and 98.3 wt.%, respectively. As the principal component, lignin not only enhances the system's green credentials but also endows it with an efficient photothermal repairable capability. The reconnection of a damaged printed circuit can be achieved in 15 s through the utilization of 808 nm infrared activation. This study opens a new avenue for the development of green manufacturing processes and the sustainable application of advanced, high‐resolution, and fully recycled electronic devices.

The increased rate of environmental challenges and debasement have continued to capture stakeholders’ attention. Since the environmental effect of the supply chain management of textile producing firms is crucial towards the upscaling of sustainable performance, the present study investigated green supply chain management practices on sustainable performance in selected textile producing firms in Lagos State. The study was hinged on the institutional theory and resource-based view theory. The study adopted a descriptive research design with the aid of a structured questionnaire distributed among one hundred and sixty (160) employees of five (5) selected textile-producing firms though the simple random sampling technique. Findings revealed that green purchases positively influence sustainable performance. In addition, green manufacturing was also found to affect sustainable performance cooperation with customers was as well found to influence sustainability of performance with and eco-design has positive and significant relationship with Sustainable performance among the selected textile-producing firms in Lagos, Nigeria. The study concluded that continuous alignment of products values and needs must revolve around the scope of sustainable development to effectively demonstrate their level of commitment in sustaining the eco-system through functional green supply chain management practices, which manifests through ensuring green purchases, cooperation with customers, engaging in green manufacturing processes and designing of eco-affable supply chain models. The study recommends that managements should continuously engage in the practices of sustainable manufacturing and production. as these can help in establishing future certainty. Additionally, it will also help in cutting costs and reduce wastages.

A selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Celecoxib (CEB), known for its anti-inflammatory properties, can exhibit polymorphism, with Form III often emerging as an undesired crystalline impurity during the green manufacturing process of the preferred Form I. Controlling the Form III content in the drug product is crucial, as different crystalline forms can impact drug bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. This study presents a method to quantify the weight percentage of Form III in the bulk of CEB Form I by employing powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Initially, pure Form I and III of CEB were characterized using DSC, FTIR, and PXRD, supporting the method’s development. Binary mixtures, with varying ratios of CEB polymorphs Form I and Form III, were prepared and analyzed using continuous scans over an angular (2θ) range of 2–40. The calibration curve was constructed using 2θ unique peaks for Form I and Form III, respectively. Linear regression analysis exhibited a strong linear relationship within the weight ratio range of 1–20%. The developed method was validated to assess recovery, precision, ruggedness, limits of detection, and quantitation. These findings indicate that the method exhibits repeatability, sensitivity, and accuracy. The newly developed and validated PXRD method is applicable for quality control of CEB Form I produced through the green melt crystallization process by detecting low levels of Form III polymorphic impurity. This research significantly contributes to ensuring the clinical efficacy and manufacturing quality of Celecoxib by providing a reliable method for controlling polymorphic impurities.

Green manufacturing technology is a key pathway for achieving sustainable development in modern manufacturing particularly in the precision machining of automotive components. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the core elements of green manufacturing, focusing on four key aspects: material selection, energy efficiency optimization, waste minimization, and recycling and remanufacturing. The review also examines the application of advanced technologies, such as laser machining and digital twins, in the green manufacturing process, highlighting their effectiveness through case studies of transmission gears and engine components. The results demonstrate that green manufacturing processes can significantly reduce energy consumption and waste generation, while improving material utilization and production efficiency. However, the high cost of equipment and the steep technical requirements remain significant barriers to widespread adoption. Looking forward, advancements in intelligence and digitalization are expected to drive further progress in green manufacturing, supporting the automotive industry’s transition to a low-carbon future.

Fiber-reinforced resin composites (FRRCs) are widely used in several fields such as construction, automotive, aerospace, and power. Basalt fiber (BF) has been increasingly used to replace artificial fibers such as glass fiber and carbon fiber in the production of BF-reinforced resin matrix composites (BFRRCs). This preference stems from its superior properties, including high temperature resistance, chemical stability, ease of manufacturing, cost-effectiveness, non-toxicity, and its natural, environmentally friendly characteristics. However, the chemical inertness of BF endows it with poor compatibility, adhesion, and dispersion in a resin matrix, leading to poor adhesion and a weak BF–resin interface. The interfacial bonding strength between BF and resin is an important parameter that determines the service performance of BFRRC. Therefore, the interfacial bonding strength between them can be improved through fiber modification, resin–matrix modification, mixed enhancers, etc., which consequently upgrade the mechanical properties, thermodynamic properties, and durability of BFRRC. In this review, first, the production process and properties of BFs are presented. Second, the mechanical properties, thermodynamic properties, and durability of BFRRC are introduced. Third, the modification effect of the non-destructive surface-modification technology of BF on BFRRC is presented herein. Finally, based on the current research status, the future research direction of BFRRC is proposed, including the development of high-performance composite materials, green manufacturing processes, and intelligent applications.

Present research highlights theoretical analysis, analytical modelling, and parametric investigation of simultaneous electrochemical and electrodischarge machining (SECEDM) process factors, focusing their influence on machined surface quality and material removal rate (MRR) during drilling operations. For this, a comparative analysis was conducted between SECEDM and traditional EDM, focusing on machined surface morphology, geometric attributes of the obtained holes, and tool wear. Advanced techniques were employed to comparatively assess the SECEDM process showing that SECEDM is an ECM-based frugal manufacturing process, wherein electrochemical discharges play a crucial role in increasing the current density by 7.06 times. Microholes fabricated using the SECEDM process with 15% electrolyte concentration and 70 V applied voltage exhibited a MRR that was 7.29 and 2.68 times higher than SEDCM and EDM processes, respectively. Furthermore, the SECEDMed holes demonstrated a significant improvement of 75.32% in surface roughness and exhibited superior characteristics, such as recast-free machined hole edges, compared to EDMed holes. These findings demonstrates SECEDM’s characteristics, including the formation of better-machined surface quality with low tool wear and high MRR in the presence of neutral electrolyte with a single machining operation, satisfy the four sustainability indicators, making it a green manufacturing process.

In the pursuit of advancing scientific knowledge and technological innovation, the 2024 International Conference on Aerospace, Mechanical and Materials Engineering (AMME 2024) has emerged as a pivotal platform for researchers, engineers, and scholars from across the globe. This event, held to address the latest research findings and technological advancements in aerospace engineering, mechanical design, manufacturing techniques, and the development and application of novel materials, underscores the relentless drive for progress in our contemporary scientific landscape. AMME 2024 was organized to foster academic exchanges, strengthen industry collaborations, and propel the translation of research achievements into practical applications. It gathered esteemed delegates under one roof to deliberate on a wide array of topics, encompassing aerospace structural optimization, advanced manufacturing techniques, green manufacturing processes, special high-performance materials, intelligent materials and structures in aerospace applications, etc. The conference proceedings is a testament to the intellectual richness and diversity of the presentations delivered during AMME 2024. The keynote speeches, delivered by renowned experts in their respective fields, set the tone for the entire event. These speeches delved into frontier technologies, market trends, and future challenges, providing invaluable insights that resonated deeply with the attendees. The keynote sessions were not merely informative but also inspiring, igniting a spark of curiosity and enthusiasm among participants. The oral presentations formed the core of the scientific discourse at AMME 2024. Researchers had the opportunity to present their work in a 15-minute slot, allowing for concise and impactful communication of their findings. These presentations covered a broad spectrum of topics, ranging from the synthesis and characterization of new materials to the design and testing of aerospace structures. The interactive question-and-answer sessions following each presentation fostered a vibrant and engaging atmosphere, encouraging critical thinking and fostering new ideas. List of Committee Member is available in this pdf.