Green Line Research Articles

Cover Picture: Astron. Nachr. 6/2024

Color‐magnitude diagram of the lower mass end of the Main Sequence of globular cluster NGC 6752, as derived from NIR images of a deep field observed under a HST Large Programme led by L.R.Bedin. Three main stellar populations can be reliably distinguished within this cluster. The three isochrones (blue, green, and red lines) were computed with different chemical compositions, adjusted to match the observed colors of the different generations of stars at an age of 12.63 Gy. In the lower left part of the plot, the corresponding isochrone for the White Dwarfs (at an age of 12.5 Gy) is shown in purple, together with the three WD candidates shown as orange crosses. For each isochrone, specific mass values are marked by labeled filled dots. A detailed analysis of the HST data and a discussion of possible scenarios for the formation of multiple stellar populations within NGC 6752 is presented in the article by Scalco et al., this issue e240018. image

From leaves to fabric: the beauty of Econic

Learning outcomes This case is primarily intended fior students to evolve ideas in context to the challenges catering to a green fashion clothing line selling their products in the emerging economy of India wherein the masses are far behind considering the sustainable value of their products. In response to these challenges, the learners would be able toanalyze the influence of internal and external enhancers and inhibitors on a sustainable fashion brand to improve its scalability; articulate the factors influencing diffusion of sustainable fashion apparel; and formulate a strategic plan to aid in the growth and scalability of the brand and building micro-economies that will thrive in the future.The case also addresses topics like consumer attitude toward sustainable fashion clothing line and pricing challenges faced by such brands in developing economies like India. Case overview/synopsis This case describes the challenges faced by the co-founders, Sanghamitra and Mayuree, who introduced a sustainable fashion apparel brand called Econic. Marketing and sales of Econic’s products came with a bundle of challenges, and it was not easy to convince customers about the authenticity, quality and pricing of these products. Indian consumers had less awareness of the value of sustainable fashion clothing thereby presenting a huge challenge for Econic to flourish and sell their products in India. Thereafter, the brand aimed at expanding beyond the geographical boundaries of India. This further led Econic to face a cutthroat competition from various established players with comparatively huge market shares. Majority of Econic’s sales arose from expatriates or outlanders. Considering the response of local impediments and constraints from India, Sanghamitra began targeting the foreign markets. She saw global expansion as an opportunity for driving the brand’s growth. Eventually, Econic witnessed nascent success when the founders started exporting their products in the markets of UAE [1] and USA [2]. Contrarily, the brand’s co-founder Mayuree felt that it was too early for the brand to enter international market, and instead, it would be more sensible to focus attention in India itself. The approach of both the co-founders seemed paradoxical. At one point, Econic was facing a fierce local competition for their products. How could the brand increase awareness and acceptance of its products was an area of concern for Sanghamitra. Second, expanding into international market posed certain other challenges. The key dilemmas encountered by the co-founders continued to remain that which growth strategy should Econic adopt; how could Econic ascertain to set foot into which market; what were the likely scalability challenges they faced by entering international market; and what could be the finest marketing strategy for their brand. Complexity academic level The case is relevant for students in disciplines of green marketing, principles and concepts of sustainability, climate change and development, corporate social responsibility, marketing and strategy. It is designed for advanced MBA/PGDM and capstone courses. Supplementary material Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.

Development of a green soybean line with a green cotyledon and a tetra null genotype for P34, lectin, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, and lipoxygenase proteins

Development of a green soybean line with a green cotyledon and a tetra null genotype for P34, lectin, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor, and lipoxygenase proteins

Identification and functional marker development of SbPLSH1 conferring purple leaf sheath in sorghum.

We identified a SbPLSH1gene conferring purple leaf sheath in sorghum (sorghumbicolor(L.) Moench)and developed a functional markerfor it. The purple leaf sheath of sorghum, a trait mostly related to anthocyanin deposition, is a visually distinguishable morphological marker widely used to evaluate the purity of crop hybrids. We aimed to dissect the genetic mechanism for leaf sheath color to mine the genes regulating this trait. In this study, two F2 populations were constructed by crossing a purple leaf sheath inbred line (Gaoliangzhe) with two green leaf sheath inbred lines (BTx623 and Silimei). Based on the results of bulked-segregant analysis sequencing, bulk-segregant RNA sequencing, and map-based cloning, SbPLSH1 (Sobic.006G175700), which encodes a bHLH transcription factor on chromosome 6, was identified as the candidate gene for purple leaf sheath in sorghum. Genetic analysis demonstrated that overexpression of SbPLSH1 in Arabidopsis resulted in anthocyanin deposition and purple petiole, while two single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants on the exon 6 resulted in loss of function. Further haplotype analysis revealed that there were two missense mutations and one cis-acting element mutation in SbPLSH1, which are closely associated with leaf sheath color in sorghum. Based on the variations, a functional marker (LSC4-2) for marker-assisted selection was developed, which has a broad-spectrum capability of distinguishing leaf sheath color in natural variants. In summary, this study lays a foundation for analyzing the genetic mechanism for sorghum leaf sheath color.

Navigating health challenges: the interplay between occupation-imposed movement restrictions, healthcare access, and community resilience

BackgroundTransportation plays a significant role in health, community resilience, and access to basic needs such as healthcare, social services, education, and job opportunities. Health and community resilience are, however, impacted by a multitude of complex and unequal factors, such as transportation restrictions exacerbated by the Israeli occupation. The goal of the research was to examine the intricate relationships that exist in Palestine between movement restrictions imposed by occupation, health outcomes, and community resilience.MethodA self-structured questionnaire, devised based on expert conversations and previous literature, was used in this descriptive, quantitative study to explore health and resilience outcomes. Age, gender, marital status, place of residence, and means of transportation were among the various factors that were utilized to describe the socio-demographics of the study sample (n = 202). The researchers employed stepwise multiple regression and descriptive statistics for the data analysis.ResultsStudy findings indicated that transportation restrictions have significant direct and indirect health consequences. A significant direct effect is observed, signifying a negative correlation between restrictions and health; increased transportation restrictions are consistently correlated with a decline in health. The study emphasized how place of residence affects health outcomes, with higher scores for campers and people living in green line areas. It also underscores that public means of transportation are found to be better for health outcomes than private cars.ConclusionThis study emphasized that roadblocks, checkpoints, and military incursions make it difficult for Palestinians to receive medical care, which has a detrimental impact on their health and well-being. It also underscores the need for significant reforms in Palestinian health and transportation systems to enhance infrastructure and healthcare access. The Palestinian Authority should invest in public transportation and community resilience programs to address transportation-related health issues, especially in villages, due to frequent settler attacks.

The Degree of Using Information Technology by School Principals within the Green Line from the Teachers' Point of View

The study aimed to identify the degree of using information technology by school principals within the Green Line from the teachers' viewpoint. The descriptive survey methodology was used, and the questionnaire represented the tool for data collection. Its validity and reliability were confirmed, as it was applied to a simple random sample of (392) male and female teachers. The results showed that the degree of using information technology by school principals within the Green Line from the teachers' point of view was high. The existence of statistically significant differences due to the gender variable in favor of males and the absence of statistically significant differences due to the variables (Academic qualifications, Years of experience). The study recommended conducting training programs to raise the technological knowledge skills among principals.

The Effectiveness Level of Administrative Performance among Druze Arab School Principals in the Green Line and its Relationship with Effectiveness of Job Performance among Teachers

The study aimed to determine the level of the effectiveness of administrative performance among Druze Arab School principals in the Green Line and its relationship with effectiveness of Job Performance among teachers. A descriptive correlational methodology was used, through the administrative performance effectiveness questionnaire, which consisted of (39) items, and the job performance effectiveness questionnaire, which included (31) items, and its validity and reliability indications were confirmed. The sample consisted of (409) Principals and teachers. Results indicated that the level of effectiveness of administrative performance and domains among Druze Arab School principals in the green line and the degree of effectiveness of job performance and domains, among Teachers were moderate; A statistically significant positive correlation between the level of effectiveness of administrative performance and effectiveness of job performance among teachers. The study recommended made several recommendations.

The Role of Principals in Developing Students' Life Leadership Skills from the Point of View of Principals and Teachers within the Green Line

The study aimed at identifying the role of principals in developing students life leadership skills from the point view of principals and teachers within the green line, as well as its differences according to demographic variables. A survey descriptive methodology using survey method was used to collect data from the research sample which was chossen randomly. The research sample consisted of (432) principals and teachers in the North Regions. The results revealed that the total level of the leadership and its kills were moderate (management skills, social skills, emotional skills, perception skills). Additionally, the results indicated that there were significant differences in life leadership skills for job title among teachers, unlike other variables such as sex and school level.

The Availability Degree of Mindfulness among Arab Public School Principals and its Relationship with Teachers’ Organizational Loyalty within the Green Line

The study examined mindfulness availability degree among Arab public school principals and its relationship with teachers’ organizational loyalty. The survey descriptive correlational methodology was employed. The sample included (413) school principals and teachers selected using simple random sampling. Mindfulness of School Principals and Organizational Loyalty scales were employed after validity and reliability for both scales were obtained. The mindfulness availability degree among Arab public school principals within the Green Line was moderate. Teachers’ within the Green Line organizational loyalty was also moderate. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between mindfulness availability degree among Arab public school principals and teachers’ organizational loyalty. The study recommended the need for training programs for school principals to prepare them as leaders practicing mindfulness in mindful recognition and openness.

Habits of Mind among 12th Grade Students in the North region within the Green Line in light of some variables

The study aimed to identify the habits of mind among twelfth grade students in the North region within the Green Line in light of some variables. The study used the descriptive survey methodology, and the Ghablan Scale (2021) for data collection, which was applied to an available sample of (492) students. The results showed an existence of statistically significant differences in favor of males in the habits of Flexibility of thinking, perseverance, striving for accuracy, accurate thinking and communicating, Responsibility and risk-taking, questioning and posing problems, in thinking about thinking, staying open to continuous learning, flexibility of thinking, perseverance, reciprocal thinking, impulsive control, questioning and problem solving, in favor of students from families with less than three children, and in favor of families with (> 20,000 dollars) income in flexibility of thinking, gathering information with all senses, reciprocal thinking: joint work, creation, imagination, innovation, applying previous knowledge to new situations, questioning and posing problems.

The Role of School Administration in Empowering Educational Consultants and its Relationship with Providing the Incubating Environment for Student Talents in Arab Schools within the Green Line

The study aimed to determine the role of school administration in empowering educational consultants and its relationship with providing the incubating environment for student talents within the Green Line. A descriptive correlational design using a questionnaire was applied. The sample consisted of (1239) individuals, including (250) educational consultants and (989) teachers. Results indicated that the degree of the role of school administration in empowering educational consultants were moderate, and the degree of providing the incubating empowering for student talents were moderate; A statistically significant positive correlation between the degree of the role of school administration in empowering of educational consultants and providing the incubating environment for student talents. The study recommended that the Ministry of Education adopt a developmental training program to motivate school administrations to empower educational Consultant, and to support the school environment and its requirements that provide an appropriate environment incubating student talents.

The Degree of Human Relations Practice in Leadership among Kindergarten Supervisors and Its Relationship to Job Performance in light of the Corona Crisis Management of Nannies inside the Green Line

The study aimed to discover thet degree of practicing the human relations of kindergartens’ supervisors and their relationship with job performance during the Corona crisis among nannies within the green line. The Researchers used the descriptive correlational survey methodology. The study sample consisted of (386) educators, they were randomly selected. Two questionnaires were used to collect information. The first was used to measure the degree of human relations use in leadership. It consisted of (24) items divided into (3) domains, which were (human interaction, moral stimulation, and effective communication). The second was used to measure the level of job performance. It consisted of (21) items divided into (3) domains of (planning and executing tasks, decision-making, performance, and continuity assessment). The results showed a strong relationship between kindergarten supervisors and their relationship with job performance. According to these results, the researchers recommended organizing training courses to enhance the human relations leadership of the supervisors.

The Practicing Degree by Basic Schools’ Principals in the North Region within the Green Line for Knowledge Management and its Relationship with Institutional Excellence

The study aimed to disclose the practicing degree among primary school principals in the North District within the Green Line for knowledge management and its relationship to the level of institutional excellence, through the use of the descriptive correlational metodology, and the questionnaire as a tool for collecting information after ensuring its validity and reliability, as it was applied to a simple random sample of (362) teachers. The main results of the study indicated a high degree of practice among primary school principals in the North District within the Green Line for knowledge management, and a high level of institutional excellence in those schools. The results also showed a positive a correlational relationship between the practice of knowledge management and the level of institutional excellence. The study recommended the involvement of experts in the field of knowledge management to train school cadres, and to deepen cooperation between the school and service recipients.

Country-wide, multi-location trials of Green Super Rice lines for yield performance and stability analysis using genetic and stability parameters

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important member of the family Poaceae and more than half of world population depend for their dietary nutrition on rice. Rice cultivars with higher yield, resilience to stress and wider adaptability are essential to ensure production stability and food security. The fundamental objective of this study was to identify higher-yielding rice genotypes with stable performance and wider adaptability in a rice growing areas of Pakistan. A triplicate RCBD design experiment with 20 Green Super Rice (GSR) advanced lines was conducted at 12 rice growing ecologies in four Provinces of Pakistan. Grain yield stability performance was assessed by using different univariate and multivariate statistics. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, locations, and G x E interaction for mean squares (p < 0.05) of major yield contributing traits. All the studied traits except for number of tillers per plant revealed higher genotypic variance than environmental variance. Broad sense heritability was estimated in the range of 44.36% to 98.60%. Based on ASV, ASI, bi, Wi2, σ2i and WAAS statistics, the genotypes G1, G4, G5, G8, G11 and G12 revealed lowest values for parametric statistics and considered more stable genotypes based on paddy yield. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model revealed significant variation (p < 0.05) for genotypes, non-signification for environment and highly significant for G × E interaction. The variation proportion of PC1 and PC2 from interaction revealed 67.2% variability for paddy yield. Based on ‘mean verses stability analysis of GGE biplot’, ‘Which-won-where’ GGE Biplot, ‘discriminativeness vs. representativeness’ pattern of stability, ‘IPCA and WAASB/GY’ ratio-based stability Heat-map, and ranking of genotypes, the genotypes G1, G2, G3, G5, G8, G10, G11 and G13 were observed ideal genotypes with yield potential more than 8 tons ha−1. Discriminativeness vs. representativeness’ pattern of stability identifies two environments, E5 (D.I Khan, KPK) and E6 (Usta Muhammad, Baluchistan) were best suited for evaluating genotypic yield performance. Based on these findings we have concluded that the genotypes G1, G2, G3, G5, G8, G10, G11 and G13 could be included in the commercial varietal development process and future breeding program.

Effects of different light intensity on leaf color changes in a Chinese cabbage yellow cotyledon mutant.

Leaf color is one of the most important phenotypic features in horticultural crops and directly related to the contents of photosynthetic pigments. Most leaf color mutants are determined by the altered chlorophyll or carotenoid, which can be affected by light quality and intensity. Our previous study obtained a Chinese cabbage yellow cotyledon mutant that exhibited obvious yellow phenotypes in the cotyledons and the new leaves. However, the underlying mechanisms in the formation of yellow cotyledons and leaves remain unclear. In this study, the Chinese cabbage yellow cotyledon mutant 19YC-2 exhibited obvious difference in leaf color and abnormal chloroplast ultrastructure compared to the normal green cotyledon line 19GC-2. Remarkably, low-intensity light treatment caused turn-green leaves and a significant decrease in carotenoid content in 19YC-2. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the pathways of photosynthesis antenna proteins and carotenoid biosynthesis were significantly enriched during the process of leaf color changes, and many differentially expressed genes related to the two pathways were identified to respond to different light intensities. Remarkably, BrPDS and BrLCYE genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis showed significantly higher expression in 19YC-2 than that in 19GC-2, which was positively related to the higher carotenoid content in 19YC-2. In addition, several differentially expressed transcription factors were also identified and highly correlated to the changes in carotenoid content, suggesting that they may participate in the regulatory pathway of carotenoid biosynthesis. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of leaf color changes in yellow cotyledon mutant 19YC-2 of Chinese cabbage.

Characteristics of the O(1S) to O(1D) 557.7 nm green emission observed in an argon plasma jet

An extensive study on the green auroral emission characterization is presented based on a single dielectric barrier discharge geometry argon plasma jet driven by a kHz sine voltage. The plasma was generated by using 99.999% pure argon and the observed 557.7 nm green line resulted from the excited O(1S) state. An optical emission spectroscopy method using line ratios of argon was used to obtain the electron density and electron temperature under different conditions in the downstream region. The characteristics of discharge and green emission with variations in interelectrode distance, applied voltage (power) and flow rate are discussed. The spatially diffuse distribution of O(1S), owing to its long lifetime, is shown by the short exposure imaging. Two discharge regimes are presented, accompanied by two distinct branches of the green emission intensity, with a clear conclusion that the 557.7 nm emission is favored in the low electron temperature environment. In this work, the intense and diffuse green plume only forms when the downstream electron density is approximately lower than 1 × 1014 cm−3 and the electron temperature is lower than 1.1 eV. By charging the two electrodes in two opposite ways, it is shown that the green emission from oxygen is favored in the case where the electric field and the electron drift are not continuous.

The Thin Green Line: Coast Salish and Indigenous Resistance to Energy Transmission Projects

ABSTRACT Indigenous alliances have been central in stopping the export and transmission of fossil fuel products from Alberta through the west coast. This article compares two pipeline projects, the Enbridge Northern Gateway and Trans Mountain pipelines, to examine the ways that Indigenous activism works to counter the settler colonial state. The Trans Mountain case objected to by many Coast Salish nations on both sides of the international border is a unique case because the Coast Salish assert a unified nationality as a part of their environmental activism. Based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted with Coast Salish nations, this article argues that the Coast Salish reject the structures of a settler colonial state despite continuing to encounter obstacles. While the Enbridge pipeline was defeated, the Trans Mountain project is ongoing and uncertain. Both cases show the impacts of Indigenous and non-native alliance making. The Coast Salish case adds an important transnational component to theorizing alliance making that shows innovative strategies used by Indigenous nations to confront the settler colonial state.

The Role of School Principals in Employing E-learning in Arab Schools within the Green Line

The Role of School Principals in Employing E-learning in Arab Schools within the Green Line

Study of the Intensity Distribution of the Green Line in the Inner Corona

The corona is a key region of solar atmospheric activity, and the source of solar-terrestrial space weather. Limited by observation, research on the plasma structure and magnetic field state of the lower coronal atmosphere is still very lacking, and there are few international studies on the brightness stratification of the lower coronal atmosphere in the visible light band. In this paper, the coronal green line (FeXIV5303 Å) observation data of Lijiang coronagraph YOGIS (Yunnan Observatories Green-line Imaging System) is used to analyze the bright structure and mid-coronal loops in the inner coronal region (1.03R⊙–1.25R⊙, where R⊙ represents the solar radius) effectively. By fitting the exponential decay of the intensity of the bright structures at the radial height of the sun and comparing these fitting results, it is found that the decay index of the static inner coronal loops obtained is around a fixed value. Then, the more obvious coronal loops are extracted, and by performing the same exponential fitting on the intensities of different heights, the obtained decay index is also relatively similar to that of the bright structure, which provides a reference for further study of the evolution of physical parameters in the corona.

Organizational School Resilience in Arab Schools in Haifa District within the Green Line from Teacher's Perspective

Organizational School Resilience in Arab Schools in Haifa District within the Green Line from Teacher's Perspective