Green Movement Research Articles

Exploring the Green Tide Transport Mechanisms and Evaluating Leeway Coefficient Estimation via Moderate-Resolution Geostationary Images

The recurring occurrence of green tides as an ecological disaster has been reported annually in the Yellow Sea. While remote sensing technology effectively tracks the scale, extent, and duration of green tide outbreaks, there is limited research on the underlying driving mechanisms of green tide drift transport and the determination of the leeway coefficient. This study investigates the green tide transport mechanism and evaluates the feasibility of estimating the leeway coefficient by analyzing green tide drift velocities obtained from Geostationary Ocean Color Imager-II (GOCI-II) images using the maximum cross-correlation (MCC) technique and leeway method across various time intervals alongside ocean current and wind speed data. The results reveal the following: (1) Significant spatial variations in green tide movement, with a distinct boundary at 34°40′N. (2) Short-term green tide transport is primarily influenced by tidal forces, while wind and ocean currents, especially the combined Ekman and geostrophic current component, predominantly govern net transport. (3) Compared to 1, 3, and 7 h intervals, estimating the leeway coefficient with a 25 h interval is feasible for moderate-resolution geostationary images, yielding values consistent with previous studies. This study offers new insights into exploring the transport mechanisms of green tides through remote sensing-driven velocity.

Seeking environmental justice through the state: Insider allies in U.S. state and federal government agencies

Geographers and political ecologists have demonstrated settler-colonial states’ longstanding key roles in producing environmental injustice through colonialism, racial capitalism, neoliberalism, and other mechanisms. Such studies tend to conclude, implicitly or explicitly, that environmental justice (EJ) movements’ pursuits of more sustainable and just futures must therefore antagonistically confront the state or work beyond it entirely to create alternative futures that do not reinforce state hegemony and violence. However, other scholars in recent years have critiqued such characterizations of the state as unilaterally and fundamentally oppressive, arguing instead that states are terrains of struggle whose contradictory programs and practices reflect not only the interests of capital but also actions of movements. They demonstrate that movements pursuing more just and sustainable futures find purchase working both through and beyond the state. Here, we follow these scholars but depart from them in one respect – namely, they frame movements as pressuring the state only from outside of it. We argue that conceptualizing the state and movements as ontologically overlapping and permeable realms in which some actors move back and forth illuminates additional movement influence on state practice and additional factors that mediate their efforts. We make this case by following a group of U.S. EJ activists who pursue EJ movements’ goals by taking formal positions inside the government agencies they seek to change. We show that they accomplish meaningful change in these roles and that their work is mediated not only by industry power over state agencies, as other scholars have rightly identified, but also by elements of regulatory workplace culture, insider allies’ skills honed in external EJ advocacy, and solidarity among EJ advocates within and beyond the state. By more fully identifying such mediating factors and showing how they shape insider allies’ work, we hope to highlight new fronts of struggle as former EJ movement activists use their insider ally positions to wrest more control over the state from capital and for liberatory ends.

The Singapore Afterlife (1970–2007) of the Japanese Architectural Movement Metabolism (新陳代謝 / Shinchintaisha, 1959–1973)

This paper employs the art-historical and descriptive-analytical methods to discuss the history of Metabolism in Singapore. Firstly, it discusses the conceptual and philosophical underpinnings of Metabolism with recurring themes of organic and technological terminologies to organize the modern city. It then reviews the current literature on Metabolism, emphasizing the contributions made to the analysis of Metabolism as a philosophy and an architectural movement. The paper then uses as examples the buildings which were designed and built in Singapore by Tange Kenzō and Maki Fumihiko. However, the influence of Metabolism was felt in Singapore even earlier through local architects who were inspired by its principles of designing residential and commercial spaces by means of incorporating modularity, communal living, and green urbanism into the design. Finally, the paper reflects on the influence of Metabolism on current green architecture movements in Singapore.

SUSTAINABLE GREEN BUILDING INITIATIVES IN MALAYSIA: ISSUES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION PRACTICES

In recent years, green building practices have received tremendous global attention for their ability to protect the environment and foster sustainable development, and Malaysia, one of the fastest-growing countries, is enthusiastically embracing the green building movement. However, throughout the construction period of this green building, many issues occurred that contributed to the deterioration of the performance of the building itself. This research aims to identify the main issues faced by green building projects in Malaysia to ensure the performance of the building can be maintained and improved, by using a questionnaire survey that collects the views of 72 experienced participants. The findings reveal that operation and maintenance are urgent issues that need to be addressed in Malaysian green building projects, underscoring the need for policy intervention. Overall, this study can support the regulation of green building maintenance, underlining the critical nature of recognizing and addressing these issues collectively to foster the growth and success of green building initiatives in the Malaysian construction industry, thereby contributing to a more sustainable construction environment throughout the country.

Taking the “W”: Environmental Democracy's Role in Taming Deregulatory Neoliberalism

Taking the “W”: Environmental Democracy's Role in Taming Deregulatory Neoliberalism

Sweden’s conflicting green leadership in the European Union

ABSTRACT This article examines the nuanced dynamics of green leadership within the European Union (EU), focusing on Sweden. Sweden has long been heralded as an exemplar of environmental and climate leadership within the European Union as well as a frontrunner in the adoption of green policies, notably in the realms of bioenergy and biofuels. However, its leadership stance has come under scrutiny due to the inherent conflicts within green initiatives, often referred to as ‘green-green dilemmas’ that arise when environmental actions, despite their sustainable intentions, clash over competing interests. Drawing on a variety of sources we delve into the complexities surrounding Sweden's green leadership. The article highlights how Sweden’s enthusiastic endorsement of bioenergy and biofuels, integral to its climate action strategy, has sparked debates and raised questions about Sweden´s perceived green leadership within the European Union. Sweden's approach to navigating these conflicts, alongside its efforts to negotiate and balance economic interests with environmental ambitions, offers a compelling insight into the challenges of maintaining green leadership in the face of conflicting green agendas.

From countercultural ecovillages to mainstream green neighbourhoods—a view on current trends in Denmark

This paper describes how the ecovillage model for sustainability is currently spreading in Denmark through two different avenues. The first avenue is the creation of new eco-communities inspired by the ecovillage movement but created through top-down municipal support or from the side by the involvement of professional community builders. The second avenue is the spread of some aspects of the ecovillage model to mainstream housing neighbourhoods through the green neighbourhood movement, when neighbours meet, discuss what kind of sustainable interests they share, and act together to live more sustainably. Although eco-communities and green neighbourhoods will probably achieve less impressive carbon footprint reductions than ecovillages, they are exploring interesting avenues through which the spread of the ecovillage model, which is slow, costly, and exclusive, can be speed up and can trigger a mass movement that has the potential of bringing widespread changes.

Access to environmental information in Sweden in the context of principles of good administration

Purpose This paper aims to examine how Sweden, as a member state of the European Union (EU), has implemented the EU Directive on Public Access to Environmental Information (AEI directive) in the context of the principles of good administration. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts the EU law methodology, as this paper mainly examines the implementation of the EU AEI directive by the member states and, as an EU member state, how Sweden used procedural autonomy to implement the EU directive at the national level. The EU law methodology further guides how national laws are to be interpreted considering obligations under the EU law. This paper further applies a comparative review to determine the differences in the approaches used by the AEI directive and relevant Swedish national laws to facilitate access to environmental information. Findings Despite Sweden used a minimalist approach rather than maximal harmonization while implementing the AEI directive at the national level, the Swedish model of the accessibility and availability of environmental information is fully compliant with the principles of good administration. The Swedish approach has an enormous effect on promoting access to environmental information as an integral part of good governance and fundamental rights. Research limitations/implications It was not possible to perform a comparative review of court cases on relevant issues from different EU member states. Practical implications Access to environmental information could be a tool for environmental democracy and sustainable development. Social implications Access to environmental information could contribute to more public engagement and participation in environmental decision making and hence could make developmental projects more inclusive to meet societal objectives. Originality/value This study makes a unique contribution by evaluating access to environmental information in the context of the principles of good administration under EU law.

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CUSTOMER AWARENESS ON GREEN BANKING PRACTICES IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS IN KARNATAKA

Green banking which integrates the environmental sustainability into financial services has gained prominence as a means for banks to contribute to sustainable development. The research employs a quantitative survey to assess how customer awareness influences the implementation of green banking initiatives. A sample of 400 customers and 40 bank managers from both public and private sector banks was selected to provide a comprehensive analysis. The findings indicate that customer awareness is a significant driver of green banking adoption across both sectors. Private sector banks characterized by higher technological innovation and customer-centric approaches and demonstrates a stronger correlation between customer awareness and the adoption of green practices associated to public sector banks. However, public sector banks with their broader reach the potentiality to lead the green banking movement, particularly in rural areas, despite facing challenges related to legacy systems and resource limitations. The study concludes that enhancing customer awareness and engagement is a crucial for advancing green banking practices. Banks that prioritize sustainability and effectively communicate the benefits of green banking to their customers are likely to gain a competitive advantage. The present study focuses on Assessing the Impact of Customer Awareness on Green Banking Practices in Public and Private Sector Banks in Karnataka to offers valuable insights for policymakers, banks, and stakeholders aiming to promote environmental sustainability within the financial sector.

Dynamics of Ecological Issues Reflection in Semantic Content of Lexeme ‘zelenyy’ [green] (Dictionary Definitions and Associative Experiments)

This article aims to identify the dynamics of the semantic scope of the lexeme ‘zelenyy’ [green] based on dictionary definitions and modern associative experiments. In the dictionaries of the XX century, the lexeme ‘zelenyy’ [green] was not associated with the semantic field of “Ecology”. However, in XXI century dictionaries, there is a tendency for the semantic derivative of this word to enter the sphere of designations for various phenomena related to environmental protection. A comparison of dictionaries’ associative norms from different years and modern associative experiments revealed a noticeable dynamic in the ecological component of the associative field of “Zelenyy” [Green]. Correlations between the dynamics of semantic processes and the linguistic consciousness of Russian students are traced. It is established that there is a leading expansion of the ecological component in linguistic consciousness compared to the dynamics of the word’s semantic scope. The differences found can be explained not only by external factors (ecological processes and changes in the state’s environmental policy) but also by value changes in the consciousness of the younger generation. The analysis of associative fields reveals a conceptual shift in the content of the word, namely, a transformation of its content from the sphere of physical objects and processes to the sphere of evaluative relationships. The ambivalent evaluation of the stimulus recorded in the modern experiment reflects the contradictory characteristics of the “green movement” and allows for predicting further derivational trends in the semantics of the lexeme ‘zelenyy’ [green].

Efektivitas Unclos Ditinjau Dari Kasus Illegal Fishing Di Laut Natuna (2012-2021)

The Natuna Sea is one of Indonesia's territorial waters that borders many countries so that it is often an easy target for illegal fishing, including ships belonging to China, Vietnam and Thailand. Not only does it harm the country's economy and local fishermen, but illegal fishing also causes damage to marine ecosystems and coral reefs, even though Indonesia as a country that ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea or commonly referred to as UNCLOS has adopted rules governing this in its law. Using the Base on research method that we collected from various journals, websites, electronic scientific articles and other research reports, we attempt to (1) analyse the effectiveness of UNCLOS in addressing maritime issues such as illegal fishing (2) to determine the compliance of UNCLOS ratifying countries involved in illegal fishing cases in the Natuna Sea seen from green politics theory and Robert B. Mitchell's compliance theory. Mitchell's compliance theory. The results we found are that the entry of ships belonging to China, Vietnam and Thailand into the Natuna Sea shows the ineffectiveness of UNCLOS and the lack of compliance of the ratifying countries.

Environmental public opinion: methodological principles of research

Based on the structural analysis of the toolkit of the foreign monitoring studies, the methodological principles of measuring environmental public opinion are analyzed. Modern developments of socio-psychological models for predicting environmental concern and patterns of environmental behavior, the influence of the social context on environmental activism, the influence of methods of measuring environmental concern on conclusions regarding the relationship between material and post-material values are considered in detail. It is noted that traditional indicators of environmental concern are replaced by tools of sociological measurement of environmental awareness, primarily of anthropocentrism and its relationship with ecocentrism. The need to transition from the (post-Soviet) ecological paradigm to the modern European one, the synchronization of advancement to full membership in the EU with the transit of Ukrainian society from the patronage to the liberal model of democracy determine the features of the social context of measuring environmental public opinion in Ukraine. The specified features of the social context require a radical revision of the methodological principles of measuring environmental public opinion with relevant sociological indicators. First, we are talking about the development of indicators of environmental democracy, such as the level of access to environmental information, participation in the adoption of environmentally important decisions, and access to justice on environmental issues. It is argued that the main task of monitoring environmental public opinion is to identify the dynamics of social changes as a derivative of anthropogenic impact on the environment, to adjust environmental policy considering the existing ecological orientations of the population.

Environmental democracy: Examining the interplay between Escazu Agreement’s innovations and EU economic law

Environmental democracy: Examining the interplay between Escazu Agreement’s innovations and EU economic law

Emergent forms of ‘Dark Green Religion’ and the (ecofascist) future of environmental education in the United States

What is the future of environmental and climate change education in the United States given the emergence of neofascist and Christian Nationalist political movements during a time of social secularization? In this essay we discuss the politically heterogenous appeal of environmental concern in America, the tenuous nature of environmental education’s current Left-liberal political valence, and implications for climate change education amidst ongoing culture wars. We proceed by examining Bron Taylor’s influential typology of Dark Green Religions and consider how the American political Right may emerge as having their own Dark Green Religious movement. We are concerned that the field of environmental education remains ideologically blinkered toward other normative educational projects on the political Right, a situation that leaves us unprepared for how projects such as climate change education can be appropriated for reactionary and sometimes violent ends. We argue that the field of environmental education needs to pay greater attention to the multifarious political and cultural conditions that shape its enactment and develop considerations for an anti-fascist environmental education accordingly.

Nature, ideology, and the ecocritical enterprise: Wangari Maathai’s The Green Belt Movement and Nadine Gordimer’s Get a Life

The dominant knowledge about African environments informed by Western literature—scientific reports, travelogues, memoirs, journalism, and fiction—has constructed an image of Africa as a pristine wilderness of exotic biodiversity on the verge of destruction due to Africa’s ignorance-based environmental culture. Contrary to this, Wangari Maathai’s and Nadine Gordimer’s environmental discourse, in The Green Belt Movement (2003) and Get a Life (2005), respectively, reveal Africa’s environmental decline as the direct consequence of the long history of colonial and capitalist exploitation of its natural resources, and the transformation of its environment into a resource base for industrial production. Drawing on the theoretical concepts of post-colonial ecocriticism, this article argues that environmental representations are mediated by the ideological configurations that generate them. Consequently, Maathai’s and Gordimer’s environmental discourse repudiates the dominant knowledge of African environments, offering alternative ways of engaging with its ecological issues while highlighting the dangers of capitalist resource exploitation on Africans’ environments, lives, and livelihoods. The image of the environment, in their works, ties politics and ecology together, providing an understanding of how the environment enables a rethinking of socio-political justice in dealing with Africa’s ecological crisis. (This article is published in the thematic collection ‘African ecologies: literary, cultural and religious perspectives’, edited by Adriaan von Klinken, Simon Manda, Damaris Parsitau and Abel Ugba.)

Green Politics and the Policy Cycle in Indonesia's Electrification Journey: A Comparative Analysis of Policy Priorities for Electric Cars and Public Transport

This paper presents a comprehensive Descriptive Study and Document Analysis of policy priorities for electric cars and public transport in Indonesia, within the context of the country's electrification journey. Utilizing secondary data sources including policy documents, government reports, academic studies, and news articles, we apply the principles of Green Politics and the stages of the Policy Cycle to interpret our findings. Our comparative analysis reveals distinct policy priorities for electric cars versus public transport, with implications for Indonesia's environmental, economic, and social goals. We discuss these findings in relation to the principles of Green Politics and the stages of the Policy Cycle, providing insights into the political and policy dynamics shaping Indonesia's electrification journey. The paper concludes with recommendations for future policy priorities and strategies, aimed at promoting a more sustainable and equitable transition to electric mobility in Indonesia, and suggests areas for future research. Our research contributes to the growing body of literature on electrification policies in developing countries, and offers valuable insights for policy makers, industry stakeholders, and researchers

Interrogating Neoliberalist Approach to Global Climate Governance

While global climate governance has been identified across a wide range of international political events, it has been deeply rooted in the liberal international order which encounters various political challenges. This work employs the ecological modernization approach as a way to observe how the neoliberal elements of the global climate governance have been interrogated by different and emerging critical discourses. This work identifies that the populism, green movements and (radical) left-wing concepts have been emerging to challenge the existing global climate governance by holding critical stances on the key elements of the ecological modernization approach.

Rural Women’s Response to Climate Change: An Exploratory Study of Women’s Grassroot Network in Odisha

The emergence of Feminist Political Ecological (FPE) position allows to rethink about social institutions like Self Help Groups (SHGs) as foundations for building green movements through everyday practice. The collective voice that has helped them emerge economically self-sufficient is reflected in their decision making, when the larger cause of climate change or environmental decision-making are involved. It is time that their actions permeating the ecology and environment gains credence and such coalitions provide ground as movements for achieving the larger collective agenda. Idea of SHGs as social capital helped the marginalized women create different ‘gendered subjectivities’ and endowed them with a collective voice, be it conservation of their own ecological settings or confronting the social system. The case of Climate Credit Pilot Project and/or conservation of indigenous seed varieties in remote villages of Odisha bear testimony to women’s consciousness regarding climate mitigation initiatives and the meaningful actions associated with environmental justice. Such interventions show that the embedment of economic, social and cultural values of SHG groups align with their instinct for attaining a larger goal of environment protection through household and community level actions. The gendered subjectivities including increased social consciousness among women, better access to new information, up-skilling has made them better and enlightened decision makers. The practice of joint or consensual action by SHG collectives enable them to address multi-scalar issues like climate change. However, the broader agenda of social and economic empowerment has to align with their decision making power relating to their immediate ecology and environment. In this context, the proposed study will probe emerging social consciousness of women on climate change issues, while examining their larger environmental responsibility in local situation, wherein the women remain at the receiving end. This is a field-based exploratory study of women from subsistence and indigenous communities of three districts in Odisha which interrogates the role of SHGs in creating a social space for women to engage with the question of environmental decision making. The study intends to analyse the field data in relation to environmental rights, responsibilities and knowledge of rural and Adivasi women within the institution of SHGs. It aims to formulate the concept, i.e., can SHGs be seen as co-linear spaces which needs to be strengthened as bearers of green movements at the local level as a response to the climate crisis.

A REVIEW OF GREEN POLICY FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE

Environmental problems and the destruction of nature have been seen as one of the most important problems faced by humans and all other species. Since the rise of industrial capitalism, environmental problems have continued to be relevant. Accordantly, industrialization has been the absolute root of evil for green politics. In other words, the critique of industrialization represents the theme of the green movement. Green politics with anti-industrialism shapes itself over principles such as ecological limits of growth, contentment with less, reduction of consumption and population, respect for nature, generic justice, decentralization, rejection of discrimination, ecologically conscious citizens, creating projections of green ideals on daily life, small-scale technology and topicality. Green idea which was previously limited to environment and nature protectionism, has radicalized and developed its own depictions of "heaven" with green society imaginations which is in a sense an inherent feature of ideologies. On the other hand, green politics differs from other ideologies by putting the nature to the point of its vision and action. The Green movement, which accelerated its institutionalization activities at the end of the twentieth century, reached remarkable voting rates, especially in European countries, and succeeded in creating a universal public opinion on the issues that it could bend the policies. Since then green formations and contents have been observed in Turkey as well. However, ecological trends have lagged behind the development targets from right to left of the political spectrum.

Russian University Students’ Volunteering within the Framework of Sustainable Development Goals and Values

The article deals with the issue of university students’ volunteering aimed at pursuing the sustainable development goals under conditions of global crisis and transformation of Russian educational policy in terms of renewal of the higher education upbringing function on the basis of traditional values of the Russian civilization. Russia’s activities on achieving sustainable development goals address carrying out infrastructure projects and Green Agenda. Although large-scale state program of volunteering support and development is being executed, volunteering for sustainable development is not given close attention. Ecological and social volunteering prioritized by governmental regulatory documents is not consistent with implementing sustainable development goals. The need to facilitate volunteering development in universities accomplishing the mission of social and economic development of society in partnership with businesses and civil society institutions is underestimated both in research and in practice. Using system and activity approaches, the authors set the goal to describe the present state of students’ ecological and social volunteering as an efficient platform for attaining sustainable development goals and necessitate its further systemic support. It is shown that the concept of sustainable development is not being an ideological orientation of volunteering practices, although students’ competences aimed at promoting common welfare could be more efficiently developed not only at theoretical level but through real volunteering for the good of future generations. In cross-sectoral partnership of universities, businesses and state, ecological and social goals are achieved by means of volunteering under the supervision of the state while Russian businesses, applying the ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) principles, do not spare their efforts on collaborative development. As for the subjective factor impeding the development of university students’ volunteering the lack of ideological orientation towards sustainable development, which could be based on universal values specified by Russian culture codes