Greek Case Research Articles

Distinguishing between genocide and ethnic cleansing in the Ottoman Empire (1914–23) and why this matters

ABSTRACT The last decades of the Ottoman Empire were characterised by mass violence that saw millions, mostly Ottoman Christians, perishing and forcibly moved within Ottoman borders, or expelled out. While it is generally accepted (except by Turkey and pro-Turkish commentators) that what befell the Armenians in 1915 and 1916 was a Genocide, in recent years many have taken to calling what befell other Ottoman Christians as a genocide as well, referring to a genocide of Armenians, Greeks and Assyrians from 1915 to 1923, and some even to a 30-year genocide. This essay attempts to scrutinise this recent trend, by contrasting what happened to the Armenians and the Greeks during the last years of the Ottoman Empire and during the rise of Nationalist Turkey, namely from 1915 to 1923. It first distinguishes between the terms genocide, genocidal and ethnic cleansing. It then establishes that population numbers are pivotal to genocide, as those killed and those that survived are important to evidence intent and application. The article then delves into the cases, comparing and contrasting across the criteria of intent and destruction processes, and the number of dead and survived. Finally, the article answers why the Armenian case (1915–16) is a Genocide, but not the Greek case (1915–23) or that of the Armenian case (1919–23). This article is important for the overall special issue on mass deportation because it clarifies the differences between various genocidal processes, including mass deportation, ethnic cleansing, and genocide.

Synergistic Impacts of Climate Change and Wildfires on Agricultural Sustainability—A Greek Case Study

Climate change and wildfire effects have continued to receive great attention in recent times due to the impact they render on the environment and most especially to the field of agriculture. The purpose of this study was to assess the synergistic impacts of climate change and wildfires on agricultural sustainability. This study adopted a cross-sectional survey design based on the quantitative research approach. Data were collected from 340 environmental experts using an online questionnaire. The results showed that extreme weather events such as heavy rains or extreme droughts negatively influence agricultural sustainability in Europe. The results showed that disruptions in ecosystems caused by climate change have a significant positive impact on agricultural sustainability in Europe. Furthermore, forest regeneration after wildfires showed statistically significant positive influence on agricultural sustainability in Europe. The economic impact of fire on crops, cattle, and farms can be estimated. This information can be used to develop and plan agricultural regions near fire-prone areas; choose the best, most cost-effective, and longest-lasting cultivar; and limit fire risk. It is also clear that increased wildfire smoke negatively affects agricultural sustainability.

A Sentiment Analysis Approach for Exploring Customer Reviews of Online Food Delivery Services: A Greek Case

The unprecedented production and sharing of data, opinions, and comments among people on social media and the Internet in general has highlighted sentiment analysis (SA) as a key machine learning approach in scientific and market research. Sentiment analysis can extract sentiments and opinions from user-generated text, providing useful evidence for new product decision-making and effective customer relationship management. However, there are concerns about existing standard sentiment analysis tools regarding the generation of inaccurate sentiment classification results. The objective of this paper is to determine the efficiency of off-the-shelf sentiment analysis APIs in recognizing low-resource languages, such as Greek. Specifically, we examined whether sentiment analysis performed on 300 online ordering customer reviews using the Meaning Cloud web-based tool produced meaningful results with high accuracy. According to the results of this study, we found low agreement between the web-based and the actual raters in the food delivery services related data. However, the low accuracy of the results highlights the need for specialized sentiment analysis tools capable of recognizing only one low-resource language. Finally, the results highlight the necessity of developing specialized lexicons tailored not only to a specific language but also to a particular field, such as a specific type of restaurant or shop.

Nationalism in the Judicialization and Culturalization of Religion: The Case of Religious Education in Greece

Religious education (RE) is frequently a topic of intense political debate and a focal point of party politics in the Greek context. This article presents the latest chapter in political contestation over the teaching of religion in Greek public schools, one which entails a new dimension—that of intense judicialization. Since 2015, the issue of religious education in Greek public schools has been the subject of multiple court cases addressed by the Greek high court, the Council of State, with one case addressed by and one case pending before the European Court of Human Rights. Beyond teasing out links between Greek Orthodoxy and nationalism underpinning each of these cases, this article also seeks to locate this example of judicialization of politics and religion in a broader theoretical context. It engages with another phenomenon at play in the Greek case as in many other cases globally, the culturalization of religion. Through the example of the Greek legal battles over religious education, we see how the judicialization of a particular political question on religion (policy on RE) rests on a culturalization of religion, which, in the legal domain, entails a rebranding of ‘religion’ as ‘culture’ so as to protect ‘religion’ from limitations placed on it by expectations of liberal state neutrality. The inherent difficulties in defining religion and culture, both individually and in relation to one another, are fundamental to both the theoretical and the practical, socio-legal challenges arising from such developments.

Discovering the Radio and Music Preferences of Generation Z: An Empirical Greek Case from and through the Internet

Discovering the Radio and Music Preferences of Generation Z: An Empirical Greek Case from and through the Internet

Carbon Footprint of Wheat and Maize: A Greek Case Study

Wheat and maize are two of the most dominant crops of considerable importance in human nutrition. At the same time, agriculture is responsible for about 1/3 of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this study is to estimate the carbon footprint of the two aforementioned important crops in the region of Larissa, Greece. Under this context, the emitted CO2eq- per kg of product, the corresponding emissions per hectare and per g of harvested plant protein were estimated. The carbon footprint was measured using the CoolFarm Tool (Cool Farm Alliance). Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews with local farmers. According to the results, the carbon footprint per hectare in maize (2,979 kg CO2eq- ha-1) is significantly higher compared to wheat (1,090 kg CO2eq- ha-1). In contrast, the differences in the footprints per kilogram of product and per g of harvested protein were insignificant. Tillage was found to be the main factor increasing CO2eq- emissions in both crops. In this research work we demonstrated that tillage regimes are crucial for mitigating agricultural related GHG emissions.

A GIS Analysis of Coastal Proximity with a Prehistoric Greek Case Study

A GIS Analysis of Coastal Proximity with a Prehistoric Greek Case Study

The agronomist to trust as my advisor: a Greek case study

ABSTRACT Purpose Given the absence of (structured) advisory services in Greece and the CAP requirements, we aim at exploring which would be the characteristics of agronomists whom farmers might trust as advisors. Design/Methodology/Approach The field research addressed professional farmers who are in contact with agronomist(s)-as-advisors. Based on an aide memoire, 51 farmers were interviewed following a snowball technique in each of the 5 municipalities of Ioannina Prefecture, North-Western Greece, which comprised our research area. Findings The antecedents of trust (ability, benevolence and integrity) were systematically addressed and analysed thus leading to the identifications of the characteristics of an agronomist-as-advisor that shape the farmer’s determination to trust him/her. Additionally, mediators related to the antecedents were identified. Practical Implications This piece of work allows for a better understanding of the degree farmers trust various actors-as-advisors and thus of their role(s) in farmers’ micro-AKIS. Theoretical Implications This piece of work is a contribution towards as well as an effort to trigger a more systematic and nuanced approach on the topic of trust in advisory relationships through farmer-centric research. Originality/Value Τhe paper points to the characteristic of actors, notably agronomists, with whom farmers would prefer to build advisory relationships.

Environmental flow assessment in transboundary rivers: Challenges and opportunities using big data - A Greek case study

Environmental flow assessment in transboundary rivers: Challenges and opportunities using big data - A Greek case study

Supplementary Data

1. Feedback from MALs’ participants - Questionnaire2. Luederitz, C. et al. (2017) evaluation framework applied to the MALs’ case studies 3. Case studies detailed description3.1 Description of the Greek Case study 3.2 Description of the French Case study 3.3 Description of the Spanish Case study4. Methodology implemented in the Multi-Actor-Lab4.1 Stakeholder selection4.2 Sectoral divided workshops - Conceptual maps 4.3 Post-workshop – Combining mental maps4.4 Multi-sectoral workshops5. References

From 'Crimmigration' to 'Enemy Under-Criminalization': the Greek Case of Immigration Control

From 'Crimmigration' to 'Enemy Under-Criminalization': the Greek Case of Immigration Control

Trade-offs in Auditing the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility – Flexibility vs Compliance : A Greek Case Study

Trade-offs in Auditing the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility – Flexibility vs Compliance : A Greek Case Study

On the numerical structure of local and nationwide government spending multipliers: what can we learn from the Greek crisis?

ABSTRACT It has been recognised that the fiscal multiplier is a function of structural features of the economy and policy reaction parameters. Moreover, the debate on the magnitude of the multiplier along the business cycle has also been the subject of disputed debates. On these grounds, we look at the Greek case by calibrating a NUTS-2 interregional general equilibrium model using data for distinct states of the Greek economy during the development of the recent crisis. Whether this matters for local and nationwide multipliers depends on qualitative differences in the numerical structure of the model. As governments have to decide how to conduct fiscal policy, our results on the Greek case provide insights to policymakers on the reach of their actions in a spatially integrated system.

Lean manufacturing practices and industry 4.0 technologies in food manufacturing companies: the Greek case

PurposeFood manufacturing companies which are essential for national economies, need to attach importance to the adoption of both the lean manufacturing (LM) operational excellence methodology and the Industry I4.0 (I4.0) technologies that empower LM to achieve operational improvement. This study aims to focus on the Greek food manufacturing companies and determine the degree of implementation of LM practices and I4.0 technologies and the impact of I4.0 on LM.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted based on a structured questionnaire which included items reflecting LM practices and I4.0 technologies. A sample of Greek food manufacturing companies were approached and 102 of them fully completed the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine the degree of implementation of LM practices and I4.0 technologies, while the impact of I4.0 on LM was determined through the linear regression analysis.FindingsThe degree of implementation of LM practices in the responding food manufacturing companies is high, while the degree of implementation of I4.0 technologies is low to medium. The findings also support a significant and positive impact of I4.0 on LM.Research limitations/implicationsThe small size of the sample of the responding Greek food manufacturing companies, the subjective character of the data collected and the cross-sectional nature of the study, constitute the main limitations of the study. Based on these limitations, further studies can be designed.Practical implicationsThe present study findings can guide the managers of the food manufacturing companies to further increase the degree of implementation of LM practices through adopting I4.0 technologies. Therefore, they can improve quality, eliminate waste, survive and be more competitive in the current difficult business environment. Academics can also benefit from the present study, given that it provides the LM practices and I4.0 technologies that can be further tested and validated in the food sector.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that focuses on LM and I4.0 in the Greek food manufacturing companies operating in a business environment where the crises of finance, energy and the Covid-19 pandemic dominate.

Investigating the relationship between KM implementation capability and TQM: a Greek public sector case study

This study aims to create a conceptual model of Knowledge Management Implementation Capability (KMIC) (including KM-tools at each K-process) and TQM in the Greek public sector and investigate the relationship between them. The case study methodology is used by employing mixed research methods. Specifically, the conceptual model was constructed by using 15 public sector employees semi-structured interviews. Moreover, based on 420 responses of an online structured questionnaire the model’s validity and reliability are assessed by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and hypotheses testing through the PLS structural equation model (SEM). From the data analysis, we found that the construct KMIC includes technological and non-technological KM tools at the ‘K-creation’, and the ‘K-dissemination and application’ process, and TQM principles include ‘citizen satisfaction and strategic planning’, and ‘HR focus and leadership commitment’. In addition, there is a positive interaction between KMIC and TQM. In summary, it is the first time that KM tools are being studied in KMIC, as well as the relationship between KMIC and TQM in the public sector.

Leachate management in medium- and small-sized sanitary landfills: a Greek case study

The sustainable management of landfill leachates remains a matter of important concern in many countries. We used as case study a medium-sized Greek landfill, and we initially investigated the performance of the existing secondary leachate treatment system. The activated sludge process removed chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), NH4-N, and PO4-P by 55%, 84%, 94%, and 14%, respectively, but the effluents did not meet the legislation requirements for discharge or reuse. Afterwards, different management options of these effluents (co-treatment with sewage in the centralized treatment plant, onsite tertiary treatment with reverse osmosis, granular activated carbon (GAC), ozonation, photo-Fenton, or constructed wetlands) were evaluated regarding their operational costs and environmental footprint. The use of constructed wetlands presented the lower operational cost, energy requirements, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, not exceeding 21.5 kg CO2eq/day. On the other hand, the power consumption and the GHG emissions of the other on-site technologies ranged from 0.37 kWh/m3 and 5.56 kg CO2eq/day (use of GAC) to 39.19 kWh/m3 and 588.6 kg CO2eq/day (use of ozonation), respectively. The co-treatment of the leachates with municipal wastewater required 0.6 kWh/m3 and emitted 30.18 kg CO2eq/day. For achieving zero-discharge of the treated leachates, a system consisting of constructed wetlands and evaporation ponds in series was designed.

Fraud triangle red flags as a methodology: Lessons from the greek case.

Les scandales financiers d’entreprises comme WorldCom, Parmalat, Enron, Polypeck, Guiness, sont fortement associés à des pratiques comptables et d’audit douteuses. La littérature a été enrichie par de nombreuses études visant à comprendre pourquoi les gens peuvent commettre des fraudes et quelles sont leurs motivations. La théorie du triangle de la fraude et la théorie du diamant de la fraude identifient les dimensions qui conduisent les gens à commettre des fraudes. La pression, la motivation ou l’opportunité, la rationalisation et la capacité sont les principales catégories d’indicateurs ou de signaux d’alarme suivis par les auditeurs pour prévenir ou détecter la fraude. Cependant, la multiplication des modèles et des théories n’est pas satisfaisante pour les auditeurs et nécessite une recherche plus adéquate pour les aider à faire face à la fraude. Dans le même temps, la littérature considère la fraude comme l’une des raisons fondamentales de la crise grecque. Même si ces dernières années, un vaste effort de prévention et de détection de la fraude a été entrepris, il semble que seule la perception de la fraude évolue. L’une des principales dimensions entourant la fraude en Grèce tend à impliquer des facteurs culturels qui influencent les comportements. L’objectif de cet article est d’aider les auditeurs grecs à mieux appliquer le triangle de la fraude en tenant compte de cette dimension culturelle spécifique pour accepter la méthodologie des drapeaux rouges. Un questionnaire a été adressé à une catégorie spécifique d’auditeurs grecs afin d’identifier les "signaux d’alarme" ayant un impact spécifique sur la prévention et la détection de la fraude ainsi que leurs motivations. Parmi ceux-ci, une partie importante semble être perçue comme importante et montrant une ouverture et un engagement envers l’égalité, le féminisme et une coopération claire entre les parties prenantes.

The net-metering practice in medium-voltage PV-BES prosumers: A techno-economic analysis of the Greek case

Nowadays, the volatile economic conditions alongside the environmental concerns on using fossil fuels for electricity, necessitate the gradual transition from conventional power plants to distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems. To further promote PV installations, various support mechanisms have been introduced; net-metering (NEM) is considered as one of the most important alternating pricing policies. Nevertheless, the ever-increasing penetration of PVs and especially their intermittent nature may lead to unprecedented technical issues related to the reliable grid operation. To tackle these challenges, battery energy storage (BES) systems are used on the premises of PV prosumers, but their relatively high capital costs and limited lifetime hinder such investments. In this paper, a techno-economic model is introduced to evaluate the viability of prospective PV-BES investments of medium-voltage (MV) prosumers operating under the NEM mechanism by taking also into account the capacity degradation of BES. The focus of this paper is the analysis of the NEM program of MV prosumers in Greece. In particular, the case of the university campuses of the Democritus University of Thrace, Greece, is considered, but the methodology is applicable for evaluating other NEM programs and electricity sectors. The impact of various parameters on the viability of the NEM investments is investigated considering different scenarios. Results show that NEM is generally a profitable mechanism, especially, for prosumers with high load demand. Significant parameters that affect NEM profitability are the load demand growth, the PV and BES degradation, the inflation and the discount rate.

Public Debates, Public History, and School History Curricula: The Greek Case

Abstract Public debates about school history curricula meet the interests of public historians and educators in many different ways because they raise questions such as: “What history or whose history do we teach in schools?” “How can we make school history more public?” “How can the school history subject move toward a critical consumption and production of public representations of the historical past?” The withdrawal of the 2018–2019 history curricula in Greece and their replacement in 2021 with the updated history curricula of 2015, added another link in the long chain of educational reform and counter-reform in Greece, and demonstrated, once again, the close relationship between school history and public education policy. Moreover, in the Greek case, the revealing comparison between the withdrawn history curricula and those that replaced them brings to the fore the ways in which public history approaches can significantly contribute to the meaningful engagement of pupils in school history and, more generally, to an open, flexible, learning-centered, and inclusive education.

Can we all coexist? An empirical analysis of drivers' and pedestrians' behavior in four different shared space road environments

Shared space assumes that the elimination of physical segregation and traffic control measures forces road users to become more alert, move at lower speeds, and rely on the environmental context for negotiating movement. Still, pedestrians tend to feel reluctant about sharing the space with motorized traffic triggering a coexistence problem. By investigating trajectories, shared space is informally divided into three zones: circulation, safe, and activity zone. This study attempts to answer the following research questions: can all road users coexist in the same road space? If yes, under which circumstances, this can be achieved? Three German and one Greek case, presenting different design characteristics and traffic flow compositions, are empirically investigated. Relative variables, namely: pedestrian crossing rate, speed compliance rate and speed deviations, are considered. The findings indicate that vehicle speeds are reduced when the flow of both pedestrians and vehicles is above the mean. A high pedestrian crossing rate is related to higher speed deviations and consequently to heterogeneous driving behavior. By extending the activity or safe zones, the speed compliance rate is significantly reduced, while pedestrians cross more the circulation zone. By providing a wider circulation zone, average vehicle speeds exceed the speed limit.