Greater Stress Research Articles

Fear, Stress, Susceptibility, and Problematic Social Media Use Explain Motivation for COVID-19 Preventive Behaviors Among Patients With Stroke and Their Caregivers.

The COVID-19 pandemic presented significant challenges for individuals who experienced stroke and their caregivers. It is essential to understand the factors affecting preventive behavior in these populations. Therefore, the present study examined the factors that influenced COVID-19 preventive behavior and motivation for COVID-19 vaccine uptake among patients with stroke and their caregivers. A cross-sectional study comprising 191 participants (81 patients with stroke and 110 caregivers) was carried out. Participants completed a survey assessing fear of COVID-19, stress, perceived susceptibility, problematic social media use, preventive behaviors, and motivation for vaccine uptake. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple linear regressions. Motivation for COVID-19 vaccine uptake was significantly positively correlated with problematic social media use (r = 0.225, P = .002), perceived susceptibility (r = 0.197, P = .008), and fear of COVID-19 (r = 0.179, P = .015), but negatively correlated with stress (r = -0.189, P = .010). Caregivers, compared to patients, showed a lower level of preventive behavior (standardized coefficient = -0.23, P = .017). Furthermore, higher levels of fear were associated with increased preventive behavior (standardized coefficient = 0.22, P = .006), while greater stress correlated with lower preventive behavior (standardized coefficient = -0.38, P < .001). Among patients with stroke and their caregivers, motivation of COVID-19 vaccine uptake and preventive behaviors were influenced by factors such as fear, perceived susceptibility, social media use, and stress. By using strategies such as targeted education, support, and communication campaigns, healthcare providers and policymakers may be able to enhance the well-being of patients with stroke and their caregivers during future pandemics.

Numerical simulation of bulk superconductor during pulsed field magnetization based on multi-field coupled analysis

High-temperature bulk superconductors are widely used in various superconducting devices due to their high critical current density, which enables them to trap high magnetic fields. However, the critical current density of bulk superconductors is influenced by magnetic field, temperature and stress, and both increase of stress and temperature can lead to a decrease in the critical current density. And the influence of magnetic field, current, stress are interactional. In this paper, the multi-field coupled analysis is employed to investigate the electromagnetic and mechanical behavior on bulk superconductor during pulsed field magnetization. The simulation results were compared with the present experimental results. The results showed a good agreement between the simulation and experimental results, further validating the reliability of the numerical simulation method. The magnetic field, current, temperature, and stress distribution and variation within the bulk sample during the pulsed magnetization process were calculated and analyzed. Additionally, the influence of the central crack and edge crack in the bulk superconductor was investigated. The results indicate that the region near the crack experiences a variation in current flow direction, resulting in local temperature rise and significant electromagnetic forces. The tip of the crack exhibits stress concentration, leading to a decrease in critical current density. Bulk supercondutor with edge crack case exhibits greater stress concentration compared to those with central crack case. The impact of crack length on maximum stress was analyzed, revealing that as the crack length increases, both the maximum hoop stress and radial stress within the bulk sample rise.

Increased Deltoid and Acromial Stress with Glenoid Lateralization and Onlay Humeral Stem Constructs in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) designs include multiple options for glenoid component lateralization, and humeral component lateralization and distalization (inlay/onlay constructs). The influence of combined glenoid lateralization, and humeral distalization on acromial and deltoid stresses is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in deltoid and acromial stresses with variations in glenoid lateralization, and with inlay versus onlay humeral components in RSA. Finite element analysis was performed using a RSA system with both inlay and onlay configurations. Variations in total glenoid lateralization from 3 to 9 mm were evaluated. Deltoid and acromial stresses were determined following virtual implantation and with 50° of external rotation. Increased glenoid lateralization resulted in greater stress of the deltoid and acromion. There was a modest increase in deltoid stress with glenoid lateralization alone (7% and 7.5% with progressive lateralization from 3 to 6 mm and 6 to 9 mm, respectively), but deltoid stress increased substantially with use of an onlay construct (60% at 9 mm of glenoid lateralization). Acromial stress correspondingly increased 37% with glenoid lateralization, and up to 117% with an onlay humeral construct. Increased lateralization of the glenoid component resulted in increased levels of deltoid and acromial stress. For a given amount of glenoid lateralization, utilization of an inlay stem decreased acromial and deltoid stresses compared to onlay constructs. These data allow surgeons to better understand the interactions of glenoid and humeral lateralization and distalization in the setting of contemporary RSA systems.Level of Evidence: Basic Science Study: Computer Modeling.

КОРРЕКЦИЯ КИСЛОРОДНОГО ГОЛОДАНИЯ В ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАХ НА ЖИВОТНЫХ ПРИ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИИ ЭФФЕКТОВ, ВЫЗЫВАЕМЫХ ОСТРОЙ ДЫХАТЕЛЬНОЙ НЕДОСТАТОЧНОСТЬЮ, С ПОМОЩЬЮ МНОГОКОМПОНЕНТНОЙ ГАЗОВОЙ СМЕСИ НА ОСНОВЕ КОМБИНАЦИИ ИНЕРТНЫХ ГАЗОВ

Acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI) accompanied with hypoxemia and hypercapnia requires oxygen therapy. The helium-oxygen therapy secures from the undesirable effects of oxygen therapy. Earlier we showed that introduction of argon in a breathing mixture (BM) reduces the effect of hypoxia. Purpose of the work is to test the potentiality of BM containing a combination of inert gases to counteract oxygen starvation in acute ARI-provoking experiments with animals. Fourteen Wistar rats with a body mass of 276 ± 14.6 grams were divided into two groups. An integral noninvasive technology was used for real-time assessment of oxygen transport and consumption in each animal. Both the experiment and control animals breathed a mixture with a low O2 and high CO2 concentration. The control animals received a routine therapy by a hyperoxic mixture containing nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The experimental animals were treated with a hyperoxic mixture containing helium and argon, and carbon dioxide to induce hypercapnia. The results demonstrated reliably that the hyperoxic heluim-argon mixture reduces burden on the external respiration and favors oxygen utilization in tissues; however, this happens at the expense of a greater stress to the cardiovascular system. In contrast, the hyperoxic mixture used in the control stressed the external respiration rather than the cardiac muscle.

Mental Health Status among Individuals with Spouses Residing in Long-term Care Facilities: Using Propensity Score Matching

Purpose: The number of older adults with dementia who reside in long-term care institutions has significantly grown. When older adults with dementia are institutionalized, their spouses, who were providing care at home, may experience chronic mental health conditions. This study examined and compared the mental health status of older adults who institutionalized their spouses with dementia in long-term care institutions versus that of older adults who reside with their spouses in their homes.Methods: The analysis included 95 spouses of institutionalized individuals and 285 control group participants, drawn from 63,617 participants of the 2018 Korean Community Health Survey.Results: The results showed that the spouses of institutionalized individuals with dementia had more depressive symptoms, poorer sleep quality, and experienced greater stress than those in the control group.Conclusion: It is necessary to provide supportive care, for alleviating depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, and stress, to individuals whose spouses are residing in long-term care facilities. For a spouse caregiver, navigation help and education on the changing roles after an older adult’s admission to a long-term care facility would be necessary.

Harris Lines as Indicators of Physiological Stress in the Middle Holocene Cis-Baikal

This article is a plain language summary of a master’s thesis completed in 2022 through the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Saskatchewan. The goal of this research was to study Harris lines (HL; transverse lines in human and animal long bones that are only visible through X-rays) in the skeletal remains of hunter-gatherers from the Middle Holocene (~9000–3000 years BP) Baikal region of the Russian Federation. HL have often been associated with stress events such as malnutrition or disease in early life. Thus, this thesis expected to highlight differences in the lived stress experiences of two distinct cultural periods from the region which had already been shown in previous studies on stress. Individuals 25 years and younger at time of death from two cemetery populations dating to the Early Neolithic (EN; 7560–6660 years BP) and one from the Late Neolithic (LN; 6060–4970 years BP) were examined for HL. The data was then compared between EN and LN individuals to determine if one population experienced greater stress than the other based on higher HL counts. This thesis demonstrated that HL are not irrefutably tied to stress in EN and LN populations from the Cis-Baikal and HL are not reliable determinants of how often or how many periods of stress they experienced during development. This thesis also challenged ongoing critiques in the study of HL, including image capture methods, to facilitate future research and discussion relating to HL.

RNA-seq analysis of small intestine transcriptional changes induced by starvation stress in piglets

Piglets may experience a variety of stress injuries, but the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying these injuries are not well understood. In this study, we analysed the ileum of Large White (LW) and Mashen (MS) piglets at different times of starvation using chemical staining and transcriptome analysis. The intestinal barrier of piglets was damaged after starvation stress, but the intestinal antistress ability of MS piglets was stronger than LW piglets. A total of 8021 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in two breeds. Interestingly, the immune capacity (CHUK, TLR3) of MS piglets increased significantly after short-term starvation stress, while energy metabolism (NAGS, PLA2G12B, AGCG8) was predominant in LW piglets. After long-term starvation stress, the level of energy metabolism (PLIN5, PLA2G12B) was significantly increased in MS piglets. The expression of immune (HLA-DQB1, IGHG4, COL3A1, CD28, LAT) and disease (HSPA1B, MINPPI, ADH1C, GAL3ST1) related genes were significantly increased in two breeds of piglets. These results suggest that short-term stress mainly enhances immunity and energy metabolism in piglets, while long-term starvation produces greater stress on piglets, making it difficult for them to compensate for the damage to their bodies through self-regulation. This information can help improve the stress resistance of piglets through molecular breeding.

INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES MEDIATE EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AND STRESS AMONG AGING ADULTS

Abstract Strong and consistent evidence demonstrates that a risk factor for poorer executive function is elevated levels of perceived stress. More recently, researchers have posited that inflammatory processes may contribute to the association between stress and cognitive declines. Similarly, research suggests that greater sustained inflammation can result from higher levels of stress. Furthermore, older adults are at a higher risk of experiencing cognitive decline when under greater stress. We hypothesized that inflammation, as measured by a composite of pro-inflammatory cytokines CRP, IL-6, and TNF-a, would mediate the relationship between perceived stress and executive function. Data were derived from the cognitive and biomarker projects in the second and third waves of the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS). The present study included 1,067 participants (Mage = 63.7; Range 39 - 94). The results showed a significant total effect between executive function and perceived stress (β = .05, p &amp;lt;.001). Furthermore, path analyses revealed significant pathways between stress on inflammation (β = 0.29 p &amp;lt;.001) and inflammation on executive function (β = .06, p &amp;lt;.001). Finally, when inflammation was entered into the relationship between perceived stress and executive function its direct effect was significant (β = 0.06, p &amp;lt;.001). These findings suggest that pro-inflammatory cytokines help to explain why perceived stress is related to lower capability in executive functions. Future research should focus on understanding and assessing the interactions between inflammation, stress, and cognitive functioning over time.

MASON CARES RANDOMIZED STUDY: EFFECTS OF A NINE-WEEK STRESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM INTERVENTION ON CAREGIVER BURDEN SCORES

Abstract OBJECTIVE The Mason CARES study examines the impact of a virtual stress management program (Phase 1) and music intervention (Phase 2) on the stress of family caregivers of older adults with dementia. This study presents Phase 1 findings on 99 participants enrolled in 2022. METHODS Using primary data from 99 participants, we analyzed caregiver stress levels before and immediately after implementation of a 9-week stress management program using Zoom videoconference calls. Caregiver stress was measured using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) score with a range from 0 to 48 (Bédard, 2001). Higher values (ZBI &amp;gt;=17.0) are associated with higher levels of stress. RESULTS Among the 99 caregivers, 49.4% were spouses and 50.6% were non-spouses (e.g., adult children). Mean ZBI scores before and after the 9-week stress busting program intervention across the full sample decreased by 14.7% (from 23.7 to 20.2). Spouses experienced a greater decrease (17.9% from 23.5 to 19.3) in caregiver stress compared to non-spouses (12.1% from 23.9 to 21.0). Reductions in stress levels also occurred for caregivers of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (13.9% from 21.0 to 18.0), moderate dementia (16.5% from 24.1 to 20.1), and advanced dementia (9.7% from 27.7 to 25.0). CONCLUSION Findings show that caregivers had high stress levels at baseline (ZBI score of 17 or more). Spouses reported greater stress improvement compared to non-spouses after the 9-week stress busting program. Also, caregivers of older adults with moderate dementia had greater improvement in stress compared to the mild or advanced dementia sub-groups.

TIFFS, TOSSES, AND TURNS: EFFECTS OF AFFECTIVE REACTIVITY TO INTERPERSONAL STRESSORS DURING THE DAY ON NIGHTLY SLEEP

Abstract Background Sleep has been recognized as an antecedent as well as a consequence of daytime stress. However, less research has compared the role of different stressor types on same-night sleep in the context of daily life. Interpersonal stressors may be particularly important, given that social stressors to elicit greater stress responses than other forms of stressors. This study tested the hypothesis that following days when a person exhibits greater negative affect (NA) reactivity to stressors (versus on days with less NA reactivity), sleep quality will be lower. This link between affective reactivity to stressors and subsequent sleep was expected to be more pronounced for interpersonal stressors versus non-interpersonal stressors. Methods In this pre-registered study, 252 adults in British Columbia, Canada (ages 25 to 87y; 68% women; 64% White) completed mobile surveys 5x/day for 14 days to assess daily stressors and NA. Self-reported sleep quality was assessed in morning surveys. Multilevel-models tested daily stressors (interpersonal, non-interpersonal, or no stressors), daily NA (averaged across the day), and their interaction as predictors of subsequent sleep quality, controlling for prior-night sleep quality and sociodemographics. Results Daily NA and stressor occurrence independently predicted poorer subsequent sleep quality. Stressor type moderated the relationship between NA and sleep quality, such that this association was stronger for interpersonal compared to non-interpersonal stressors. Discussion The findings suggest that encountering interpersonal stressors may be particularly impactful to one’s subsequent sleep. Future studies should consider investigating potential mechanisms that may underlie this association, such as pre-sleep cognitive, emotional, and physiological arousal.

Subjective stress and any drinking during alcohol treatment: Disentangling within and between person autoregressive effects

Alcohol use has been shown to increase stress, and there is some evidence that stress predicts subsequent alcohol use during treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD), particularly among females who are more likely to report coping-motivated drinking. Gaining a better understanding of the processes by which stress and alcohol use are linked during treatment could potentially inform AUD treatment planning. The current study aimed to characterize the association between stress and drinking during the course of AUD treatment and whether there were sex differences in these associations. Secondary data analyses of the COMBINE study (N = 1375; 69% male, 76.3% non-Hispanic and white, average age of 44.4 years) were conducted to examine self-reported perceived stress and alcohol consumption across 16 weeks of treatment for AUD using a Bayesian random-intercept cross-lagged panel model. There was stronger evidence for any alcohol use predicting greater than typical stress in subsequent weeks and less strong evidence for stress increasing the subsequent probability of alcohol use, particularly among males. For females, greater stress predicted subsequent drinking earlier in the treatment period, and a lower probability of subsequent drinking in the last week of treatment. Interventions might specifically focus on targeting reductions in stress following drinking occasions.

Enzymatic Stress Responses of Coreius guichenoti to Microplastics with Different Particle Sizes.

The wild population resources of Coreius guichenoti have sharply declined in recent decades, and any negative factors may have a significant impact on their survival. In this study, the enzymatic stress responses of C. guichenoti to 25 and 48 μm polyethylene fragments were explored for the first time. This was achieved by evaluating the changes in physiological and biochemical indicators of the species in response to the environmental stimuli of microplastics. In this study, we observed an early stress response in the external tissues of C. guichenoti following exposure to microplastics. The TP content in skin and muscle and the MDA content in skin, gill and muscle initially showed a significant increase. The skin, gill, and muscle exhibited greater stress responses to M5 particles, whereas M3 particles caused a greater response in the intestine and especially the liver. After the removal of microplastic exposure, the stress state of the C. guichenoti would be alleviated in a short period, but it could not fully recover to the pre-exposure level. In summary, microplastics pose a significant threat to C. guichenoti. While their negative effects can be alleviated by the removal of microplastics exposure, full recovery does not occur in a short period. Continuous monitoring of microplastics in natural waters and targeted aquatic ecological restoration are essential to ensure the normal growth and reproduction of the wild population of C. guichenoti.

Insights of Infantry Soldiers: A Qualitative Exploration of Psychological Resilience and Stress

The Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) is currently struggling with a retention crisis. Within the CAF, The Canadian Army (CA) experiences the greatest attrition rates. Staffing shortages lead to an increase in job demands subsequently leading to greater stress, burnout, and turnover intentions. Psychological resilience has been found to buffer the negative effects of workplace stressors. There is a need to understand resilience within specific occupations to better inform resilience building interventions. This study aims to enhance knowledge of how infantry soldiers in the CA define resilience and what challenges they experience within the workplace that contribute to stress and how they cope with such stressors. A qualitative approach was used, with 14 semi-structured interviews conducted with CA personnel employed as infantry soldiers. Data were analyzed using a deductive content-analysis. Four themes emerged from the interviews: the nature of resilience, challenges of the profession, resilience strategies (attitudes), and resilience strategies (protective practices). The study provides unique insights into the experiences of infantry soldier’s and the mechanisms they employ to facilitate and maintain resilience.

The effects of excavating twin tunnels during cyclic loading on the progressive settlement of existing footing

Tunnels may be constructed in a pair undercrossing existing geotechnical structures exposed to cyclic loading. Such construction changes the stress state in the ground in different ways regarding the tunnelling sequence and would lead to large settlement or even failure to those structures under cyclic loading. Large physical model tests were carried out to examine the impact of excavating twin tunnels during cyclic loading on the progressive settlement of footings. The vertical soil stress, footing settlement and ground deformation were analysed regarding different construction sequences and spacings between twin tunnels. The results indicate that previous cyclic loading history affects the alteration of soil stress caused by tunnelling activity. Compared with excavating twin tunnels successively, excavating the tunnels in sequence leads to greater settlement caused by the subsequent cyclic loading. The change in the relative density of soil is invalid to explain the enlargement of the settlement. Finite element analysis was performed to investigate the mechanism of the effects of excavating twin tunnels during cyclic loading on the footing settlement. It was found that the increase of footing settlement in the subsequent cyclic loading and the greater settlement in the sequential tunnelling case are attributed to the greater stress ratio (q/p) in the ground.

Student-Led Stress Reduction Support Groups: A Qualitative Program Evaluation.

Burnout and attrition in nursing have been accelerated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Nursing students experience greater stress than non-nursing students but often lack adequate institutional support to build resiliency. Support groups are an effective strategy for processing stress that are underused in nursing education. An innovative online stress impact course was developed at a college of nursing to address students' stress during the pandemic. The course culminated in a voluntary virtual support group led by a Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner graduate student. The aim of this qualitative program evaluation was to determine how graduate nursing students experienced the stress support group. This study used qualitative exploratory analysis of support group reflections from 47 graduate nursing students. Four themes emerged: (1) Making Positive Connections; (2) Leveraging Skills to Manage Stress; (3) Beneficial; and (4) Facing Trauma. Graduate student-led support groups are a feasible and effective strategy to mitigate stress and improve nursing student resiliency. [J Nurs Educ. 2023;62(12):711-715.].

On the issue of adaptive reactions of the blood system of competing species of turtles &lt;i&gt;Emys orbicularis&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Trachemys scripta&lt;/i&gt; (Emydidae)

A comparative analysis of the leukocyte composition of the blood of Emys orbicularis and Trachemys scripta from the Samara Zoo was carried out. Statistically significant interspecies sex differences in the content of granulocytes (heterophiles, basophils and eosinophils) in the blood were established. The proportion of agranulocytes in the blood of both species was the same. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant effect of species, sex, and their interaction on the leukocyte composition of the blood of turtles. At the same time, males of E. orbicularis differed from males of T. scripta by an increased content of heterophiles in the blood, and females differed from females by an increased content of heterophiles and a decreased content of basophils. An analysis of leukocyte indices revealed a more active component of the nonspecific natural resistance of the organism of E. orbicularis females compared to males and females of T. scripta. In captivity, E. orbicularis experienced greater stress relative to T. scripta, as evidenced by an increased value of the index of the ratio of heterophils and lymphocytes and a lower content of eosinophils. With an increase in body size, an increase in the relative content of lymphocytes in the blood of T. scripta females and an increase in stress resistance were noted, while in E. orbicularis such a specific immune reaction was not observed. We believe that the species-specific adaptive reaction of the blood system gives competitive advantages to the spreading exotic species T. scripta, which potentially threatens natural populations of E. orbicularis.

Raman mapping microspectroscopy of the effects of cryogenic cycling on the interfacial micromechanics of carbon fiber-reinforced polyimide composites

Raman mapping microspectroscopy was then used to investigate the interfacial stress distributions of the films during different cryogenic-room temperature cycles (-198-25 °C, 0-300 cycles). It was found that the micro stress of CNT-PI films (around 175 MPa) had no significant changes even after 300 cycles. The cryogenic cycling had very little effect on the internal stress, indicating that PI had a good low temperature resistance. For the CF/CNT-PI films, the micro stress distributions of CFs, interface, and matrix regions were successfully obtained. It was found that the CFs bear a greater stress than the matrix, showing that CFs had always been the major stress bearer, confirming the strengthening effect of CFs. When the CF/CNT-PI films were cycled fewer than 250 times, the effect of cryogenic cycling on the micro stress was insignificant. But once the number of cycles reached 300, the compressive stresses on the fiber and interface increased by 21% and 12.9%, respectively, implying a deterioration of the mechanical properties. By Raman mapping, the micro-mechanical distributions of the reinforced material, matrix and interface of the composites under cyclic temperature changes were effectively quantified. This is therefore an effective method for evaluating the safety of composite materials.

An investigation of the cavitation and vibration phenomena in a cylindrical cyclone

Cylindrical cyclones are a popular choice for oil-water separation and sewage treatment in the petroleum industry. Here, we investigate the cavitation and vibration phenomena in a cylindrical cyclone with a vortex finder by using various cyclone operating parameters and conducting multiphase flow numerical simulations. The lowest point of pressure on the cross section of the main cylinder is defined as the pressure center point and is used to understand the generation of the flow field oscillation, which is shown to exhibit an approximately circular motion. This circular oscillation of the flow field is an important characteristic that influences the overall performance and behavior of the cyclone system. Cavitation analysis results show that an increase in the inlet velocity leads to more intense cavitation and an expansion of the cavitation area. At lower split ratios, cavitation primarily occurs at the junction of the inlet pipe and the main cylinder, while at higher split ratios, the cavitation area gradually extends into the overflow pipe. Additionally, structural response analysis demonstrates that increasing the inlet velocity and overflow split ratio significantly enhances the vibrational degree of the structure, leading to greater stress levels. Adjusting the oil content at the inlet has a relatively minimal impact on the structural response compared with the influence of the inlet velocity and split ratio. Furthermore, dimensional analysis is used to analyze the change of wall pressure, and the wall pressure that induces structural vibration can be calculated using the inlet velocity and the split ratio.

Finite Elements Method Investigation of Plates with Varied Support and Opening for Design Optimization

Plates have an important function in supporting the structural load above them. One important aspect of plate design is the design of the openings or holes. These openings can be needed for various purposes, such as pipe installation, ventilation, and ducts. If the plate openings are not designed carefully, it will cause serious problems such as excessive deflection. This increases the risk of structural accidents and ultimately threatens the safety of building users. This study aims to determine the effect of plates with different types of supports and opening models with 3D modeling. Quantitative descriptive research using the finite element method was used. There are 16 models with different support types (simply and fixed) and opening models (rectangular, square and circular). From the modeling, the deformation and stress values that occur will be obtained. Comparative analysis is carried out to obtain the best support and opening types. The research results show that the increase in stress concentration tends to be higher in rectangular openings, while in square and circular openings, it is smaller than in plates without openings. Circular shapes tend to have high deformation values. Meanwhile, the square shape has the smallest value compared to all models. Simply support has greater stress in rectangular and circular openings. 4-sided fixed support is the best choice because it has the smallest stress and deformation values. Through these results, it is possible to optimize the design of appropriate types of supports and openings to reduce excess stress and improve overall structural performance.

Effect of Ti3C2Tx MXenes on tribological and rheological properties of greases

As a two-dimensional nanomaterial, Ti3C2Tx MXenes can form a stable friction protective film on the matrix surface, which can effectively improve the anti-friction and anti-wear properties of grease under variable load, variable frequency, variable temperature and constant conditions. In this work, the friction coefficient and wear rate of the grease doped with 2 wt% Ti3C2Tx are 27% and 56% lower than those of the base grease under the friction conditions of 50 °C, 100 N and 20 Hz, respectively. The grease doped with 2 wt% Ti3C2Tx can withstand greater stress and its structure is more stable, which is proved by rheological tests.