Greater Efficiency Research Articles

The analysis of the operating conditions of a heavy-duty engine of a vehicle designated for timber transport in terms of compliance with the RDE procedures

According to the data provided by Polish Central Statistical Office, the years 2000–2020 have seen a general increase in the amount of extracted timber reaching 43%. The process of obtainment and transport of timber has many stages involving multiple vehicles and machines. The prevailing type of machinery are HDVs (heavy-duty vehicles). Their application is dictated by the fact that high tonnage-rated vehicles are characterized by the greatest efficiency. The vehicles from this group are homologated under laboratory and actual traffic conditions. It is noteworthy that the transport process of timber takes place under extremely varied conditions – paved urban and rural roads a well as unpaved forest tracks. This renders the mode of operation non-compliant with the conditions set forth in the UE 582/2011 standard. Therefore, the authors decided to carry out an analysis of the operating conditions of a vehicle fitted with an HD engine used in the process of timber transport in terms of its compliance with the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) procedures. The analysis was performed based on investigations carried out under actual traffic conditions with the use of the PEMS equipment. The research object was a tractor-trailer fitted with removable stanchions and a crane used for timber handling. The paper presents, inter alia, the engine operating time share characteristics as a function of engine load and speed. The authors also compared the real-world engine operating conditions with the assumptions of the RDE procedures.

Dose-response association of an accelerometer-measured physical activity with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease incidence: Prospective cohort with 76,074 participants

ObjectiveTo investigate the prospective dose-response association of accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA;MVPA) with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. MethodsThis prospective cohort of 76,074 participants from the UK Biobank study contained one week of individual accelerometer-based PA data collected between June 1, 2013 and December 23, 2015. Using restricted cubic splines to allow for potential non-linearity, we examined dose-response associations of MVPA with all-cause mortality and incident CVD, respectively. ResultsThe median follow-up time was 8.0 years (IQR 7.5–8.5). The dose-response association of MVPA with all-cause mortality and CVD showed a similar L-shaped association, with significant risk reductions already from 10 min of MVPA per week for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.98 [95 % CI,0.98–0.99]) and 15 min per week for CVD incidence (HR, 0.99 [95 % CI,0.98–0.99]). Doing more MVPA was associated with further risk reduction, but beyond around 500 min per week the benefits levelled off at HR's around 0.6 to 0.7. The highest additional benefit of adding more minutes per week for all-cause mortality and CVD incidence were observed between 100 and 250 weekly minutes of MVPA. From this point forward, the mean risk reduction rates decreased and were close to 0 beyond 500 weekly minutes. ConclusionsSignificant, but small, risk reductions in all-cause mortality and CVD incidence can be achieved with as little as 10 and 15 min of MVPA per week, respectively. However, public health organizations should promote the attainment of 250 min of MVPA per week (with 100 min as a possible first target for inactive individuals), as these thresholds are associated with the greatest efficiency. Beyond that, less pronounced risk reductions can be achieved by accumulating additional MVPA, with hardly any additional benefits beyond 500 weekly minutes.

Pedagogical engineering – a new integrative learning profile in professional education

At present, a new branch of pedagogy - pedagogical engineering - is actively developing. It is based on the fact that the learning process should be built on the pedagogical design of the educational product, on such a "fusion" of educational and modern digital technologies to provide this process with the greatest efficiency. But we believe that in addition to pedagogical engineering as a scientific branch and a new discipline already studied in some universities, it is necessary to organize on its basis a systematic training of future teachers for basic and additional professional education.

Batch Electrocoagulation Process for the Removal of High Colloidal Clay from Open-Cast Coal Mine Water Using Al and Fe Electrodes

Open-cast coal mining operations can produce water with high amounts of total suspended solids (TSS). We tested the use of electrocoagulation for the removal of colloidal clay from mine water. Monopolar batch electrocoagulation was performed at the laboratory scale using Al and Fe electrodes and varying the DC current (0.5, 1, and 2 A) and contact time (15, 30, and 45 min). Aluminum electrode electrocoagulation with a current of 2 A and a contact time of 15 min had the greatest TSS removal efficiency (99%), with concentrations decreasing from 5,400 to 23 mg/L. The greatest removal (98 and 99%, respectively) was obtained using an Al electrode with an electric current of 0.5 and 1 A, with 30 min of contact time. With an Fe electrode, the greatest efficiency was achieved with a current of 2 A and a contact time of 30 min. The TSS removal efficiency reached 98% while the concentration dropped to 66 mg/L, followed by 89% and 95% for the 0.5 A-45 min and 1 A-15 min variations, respectively.

On the influence of the location of the elastic bimoment stiffeners on the elastic critical resistance of a simple beam grillage

The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the location of the elastic bimoment stiffeners along the length of the main beam B-E of a simple H-type beam grillage on its elastic critical resistance (ECR) from the lateral-torsional buckling condition. The obtained ECR was compared with the critical resistance determined for the grillage without bimoment stiffeners. The greatest efficiency in increasing the ECR of the grillage (around +80%) was achieved by using elastic bimoment stiffeners shifted relative to joints B and E by approximately 21–25% of the main beam span.

Effect of low-energy ion modification of microcomposite (1-x)WO3 – xZnO ceramics on improved photocatalytic decomposition efficiency

The main purpose of this work is to study the possibility of using ionic modification of (1-x)WO3 – xZnO microcomposite ceramics in order to elevate their photocatalytic activity, as well as enhance stability to degradation during long-term use and exposure to aggressive environments. The objects of study were (1-x)WO3 – xZnO ceramics obtained by solid-phase synthesis from tungsten and zinc oxides. Moreover, according to X-ray phase analysis data, it was found that variations in the ratio of oxide components during their mechanical activation and subsequent thermal annealing result in the formation of two-phase ceramics with different contents of the zinc tungstate phase. The results of experiments on the photocatalytic decomposition of the organic dye Rhodamine B revealed that two-phase WO3/ZnWO4 ceramics have the greatest efficiency, for which ion irradiation with fluences of 1015 ––5 × 1015 leads to a growth in the decomposition efficiency from 80 to 95 %. At the same time, the dominant effect influencing the photocatalytic decomposition efficiency growth is the change in the band gap of the ceramics, associated with the accumulation of the athermal effect of energy dissipation of incident ions on the change in electron density. The results of assessment of changes in the strength and structural parameters of (1-x)WO3 – xZnO ceramics depending on the time spent in model solutions (to simulate the effects of environments with different acidity levels) indicate a positive effect of ionic modification on enhancing stability to degradation and softening as a result of the accumulation of amorphous inclusions.

Influence of high-carbon wire drawing method on its production efficiency

The issue of improving the production efficiency and competitiveness of high-carbon steel wire, determined by a rational ratio of quality and costs of its production, is an urgent task. The main way to solve it is the development and implementation of an effective technical process, the main elements of which are the technological process and equipment for its realization. Since the middle of the last century, domestic steel wire production has been operating on imported equipment, which significantly hampers the use of modern technological processes. This unfavorable situation has been aggravated at present by the imposition of severe economic sanctions by “unfriendly states”. The way out of this situation in the current production is the improvement of existing and introduction of new methods of wire drawing. According to the original methodology the analysis of the existing at one of the domestic enterprises route of drawing of high-carbon wire rope wire with a diameter of 1.70 mm from wire rod of 5.50 mm with the use of standard single monolithic fibers, twin monolithic fibers, roller fibers, as well as modules including roller and monolithic fibers (combined drawing) was carried out. The obtained results have shown that when using standard fibers, the drawing route should be designed with the minimum possible multiplicity, which will provide on the existing equipment to improve the quality of wire and reduce the cost of its production. The greatest efficiency is provided by the application of combined drawing: twofold reduction of drawing multiplicity, energy saving up to 30%, improvement of wire quality by creating a favorable stress-strain state when deforming the wire first in roller and then in monolithic drawing. In addition, in comparison with the roller fibers, the equipment is simplified and the costs of its purchase and operation are reduced. Recommendations on the directions of increasing the efficiency of production in the conditions of existing production, purchase of new imported and designing of domestic drawing equipment are given

Nutrient strengthening and lead alleviation in Brassica Napus L. by foliar ZnO and TiO2-NPs modulating antioxidant system, improving photosynthetic efficiency and reducing lead uptake

With the anticipated foliar application of nanoparticles (NPs) as a potential strategy to improve crop production and ameliorate heavy metal toxicity, it is crucial to evaluate the role of NPs in improving the nutrient content of plants under Lead (Pb) stress for achieving higher agriculture productivity to ensure food security. Herein, Brassica napus L. grown under Pb contaminated soil (300 mg/kg) was sprayed with different rates (0, 25, 50, and 100 mg/L) of TiO2 and ZnO-NPs. The plants were evaluated for growth attributes, photosynthetic pigments, leaf exchange attributes, oxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities. The results revealed that 100 mg/L NPs foliar application significantly augmented plant growth, photosynthetic pigments, and leaf gas exchange attributes. Furthermore, 100 mg/L TiO2 and ZnO-NPs application showed a maximum increase in SPAD values (79.1%, 68.9%). NPs foliar application (100 mg/L TiO2 and ZnO-NPs) also substantially reduced malondialdehyde (44.3%, 38.3%), hydrogen peroxide (59.9%, 53.1%), electrolyte leakage (74.8%, 68.3%), and increased peroxidase (93.8%, 89.1%), catalase (91.3%, 84.1%), superoxide dismutase (81.8%, 73.5%) and ascorbate peroxidase (78.5%, 73.7%) thereby reducing Pb accumulation. NPs foliar application (100 mg/L) significantly reduced root Pb (45.7%, 42.3%) and shoot Pb (84.1%, 76.7%) concentration in TiO2 and ZnO-NPs respectively, as compared to control. Importantly, macro and micronutrient analysis showed that foliar application 100 mg/L TiO2 and ZnO-NPs increased shoot zinc (58.4%, 78.7%) iron (79.3%, 89.9%), manganese (62.8%, 68.6%), magnesium (72.1%, 93.7%), calcium (58.2%, 69.9%) and potassium (81.5%, 68.6%) when compared to control without NPs. The same trend was observed for root nutrient concentration. In conclusion, we found that the TiO2 and ZnO-NPs have the greatest efficiency at 100 mg/L concentration to alleviate Pb induced toxicity on growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient content of Brassica napus L. NPs foliar application is a promising strategy to ensure sustainable agriculture and food safety under metal contamination.

A comparison of several intrusion detection methods using the NSL-KDD dataset

The increasing significance of cybersecurity underscores the critical necessity of addressing evolving methods of hackers. This research investigates the way to classify and predict cyber-attacks on the NSL-KDD dataset using intrusion detection methods the investigation contrasts the capabilities of various algorithms, including RNN, MLP, CNN-LSTM, and ANN, in recognizing attacks. The results indicate that both MLP and RNN have the greatest efficiency and effectiveness for different time frames. these findings demonstrate the necessity of Constant evaluation and enhancement of intrusion detection systems in order to remain aware of the dynamic nature of the cyber threat landscape. Addressing cybersecurity issues necessitates a comprehensive approach that combines computational enhancements, human talent, organizational policies, and regulatory frameworks in order to create a powerful and stable cybersecurity system.

Auto-combustion synthesis and characterization of La2CrMnO6/g-C3N4 nanocomposites in the presence trimesic acid as organic fuel with enhanced photocatalytic activity towards removal of toxic contaminates

Constructing semiconductor materials based on layered graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and metal oxides can help in extending the lifetime of charge carriers and aid in resolving the low number of active sites on their surface for light-driven processes. Herein, we initially designed La2CrMnO6 nanostructures through trimesic acid-assisted auto-combustion route and subsequently, La2CrMnO6/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were prepared by ultrasonic-assisted co-precipitation method with improved UV-catalytic performance. The shape, size distribution and various properties of nano-sized products were measured via diverse description systems of microscopic and spectroscopic. The photocatalytic performances of the La2CrMnO6 nanoparticles and La2CrMnO6/g-C3N4 nanocomposites were compared by degradation of artificial dyes under the UV-light region. Besides, the impacts of dye type, diverse weight percentages of g-C3N4:La2CrMnO6 in composite, scavenger kind and dye solution concentration were studied on modifying ability of nano-catalyst utility. The outcomes manifested La2CrMnO6/g-C3N4 (80:20) nanocomposites have the greatest efficiency, where the highest MO decomposition of 80.98 % was achieved at 10 ppm within 90 min of irradiation. Moreover, the feasible mechanism of MO elimination by UV catalytic purpose was considered.

Comparative analysis of the efficiency of the use of various types of conduits during coronary artery bypass grafting

The OBJECTIVE was to compare efficiency of the use of various types of conduits during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).METHODS AND MATERIALS. The retrospective study included 282 patients, who underwent CABG, performed with different types of conduits. The average age of the patients was 63.2±8.5 years; the majority of 231 patients (81.9%) were male. Patients were separated in 3groups depending on the use of conduits: the first one included patients after bimammary coronary artery bypass grafting (n=77); the second one involved coronary artery bypass grafting using radial artery(n=87); the third one included patients with venous conduits (n=77). The main endpoint of the study was the development of conduit dysfunctions in the long-term period according to diagnostic coronary artery bypass grafting.RESULTS. The average follow-up time in the long-term period was 44.9±39 months. During this period, 198 patients underwent diagnostic coronary artery bypass grafting. According to the results of the analysis, the greatest effectiveness was observed in groups using arterial conduits – the left internal thoracic artery and radial artery. For example, the incidence of dysfunction of the left internal thoracic artery in the anterior artery basin was 8.2%; the incidence of dysfunction of radial artery in the right artery basin was 12.5 %, and in the obtuse marginal branch basin – 11.5 %; while the incidence of venous conduits’ dysfunction varied, reaching its maximum of 42.8 %.CONCLUSIONS. Thus, the greatest efficiency was observed when using the left and the right internal thoracic arteries, thereafter by the radial artery. The results of using venous conduits were lower.

Express Method for Assessing Performance of Lubricant Compositions Containing Nano-Additives Used for Wheel-Rail Pairs.

An express method for assessing the effectiveness of lubricating compositions with nano-additives of various chemical compositions is proposed, and a joint analysis of experimental data on the changes in the value of wear and the level of damage to the surface layers of metallic friction pairs was performed. The variation in the current relative hardness of the sample's surface, the variation in the current relative material damage level, the current value of wear, and the current level of the coefficient of friction were chosen as the key parameters to conduct a performance assessment. The level of material damage in the contact zone was determined using the parameters of the statistical law of hardness value scattering. Based on an analysis of data in the literature, it was observed that the structural changes occurring in metallic materials during long-term, cyclic, static, and frictional loading are correlated with changes in the statistical characteristics of the hardness scattering results. An experimental substantiation of the proposed method was carried out for steel-sliding friction pairs using lubricating compositions based on Greaseline Lithium BIO Rail 000 oil manufactured by AIMOL with nano-additives of copper, magnesium and aluminum alloys, graphite, and two grades of medium-carbon steel. According to the system of indicators presented in this research, the greatest efficiency (in terms of increasing the wear resistance of friction steel pairs) was achieved with lubricating compositions including nano-powder additives made of steel, which have lower hardness. For the friction experiments, where the determining factor was abrasive wear, such lubricants ensured minimal damage and wear to the friction surface, while the value of the friction coefficient was maintained at a level that is optimal for wheel-rail friction pairs.

METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE FORMATION OF STRATEGIC CONTROL IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ENTERPRISE DEVELOPMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The article formulates the methodological principles of the formation of strategic controlling in the conditions of digitalization of the economy. The paper proposes a systematic approach to the formation of methodological principles for the application of strategic controlling in the conditions of digitization of the enterprise development management system. The relationship between strategic controlling and the general factors of successful strategies is revealed, and a general diagram of the relationship between strategy and strategic controlling is presented. It is noted that strategic management control is located at the intersection of innovation management, investment management, project management, information and analytical support, management accounting and performs the function of "management by deviation". Digitization is a change in the business model based on digital technologies, and not just a replacement of analog resource to digital. Strategic controlling, as a system of providing organizational, methodological, informational and analytical management, is able to ensure system changes and feedback in the management circuit with the greatest efficiency. He is able to determine the direction and speed of development, to investigate the peculiarities of the external and internal environment, to economically substantiate such transformations in all functional subsystems of the enterprise. Digitization affects the market and changes professions. The successful construction and development of strategic controlling in the company requires the support of top management and qualified controllers, a corporate culture in which dialogue is possible. The factors affecting the implementation of strategic controlling in the organization are revealed. Digitization is a basic element in the proposed methodological approach to the application of strategic controlling in enterprise management.

THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN NON-LINGUISTIC HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

The aim of the work is to determine the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies for learning foreign languages in non-linguistic higher education institutions (HEIs). The aim was achieved through the use of general theoretical methods of comparison, observation, as well as calculations of the statistical significance, efficiency ratio, Phillips’ correlation coefficient. The results showed that YouTube, Simpler, and Memrise are the easiest to use, as they do not require additional training for learning the functionality. Blackboard, Learn English, and Bussu applications have the greatest efficiency in classroom perception of the necessary information, as they are aimed at the complex interaction of understanding the theory and the performance of multi-directional tasks. According to students, Rosetta Stone, Learn English, and Memrise applications are the most favourable for self-study. Based on the Kirkpatrick Model, it was established that the majority of students achieved a high level of knowledge (72%). Although students believe that they have reached a medium level of knowledge to a greater extent, as they do not know all the necessary rules. It was found that during language learning students were primarily able to develop working memory (19%), cognitive flexibility (18%). They also gained independence in obtaining new knowledge (17%). The practical significance of the article is in the combination of various digital technologies for learning a foreign language by students of non-linguistic HEIs. The prospects for further research may be determining the effectiveness of learning of students of non-linguistic and linguistic educational institutions with the use of YouTube, Blackboard, Rosetta Stone, Learn English, Simpler, Memrise, Bussu.

Evolution of logistics in the context of digital transformation: Common and profile barriers

Aim. To investigate the key barriers faced by enterprises in the process of digital transformation in the field of logistics, as well as to identify the profile barrier inherent in logistics processes and offer practical recommendations for overcoming them. Objectives. To analyze the development of digital transformation and the impact on the processes of Logistics; to identify the process-barrier relationship; to identify the key barriers arising in the digital transformation at enterprises, including the profile barrier in the processes of logistics; to offer practical recommendations for overcoming barriers in the aspect of the implementation of digital initiativesMethods. The research is based on multidisciplinary analysis of academic and professional literature, reports of consulting companies, as well as consideration of practical cases from the industry.Results. An Ishikawa diagram was developed to capture the process-barrier relationship and identification of key barriers arising from digital transformation in logistics enterprises. The profile barrier was identified, in particular the complexity of logistic processes. Recommendations for overcoming barriers in the course of digital transformation at the enterprise were developed.Conclusions. Digital transformation is important for maintaining competitiveness and development of enterprises, including in the field of logistics. Effective implementation of digital solutions requires both technological and organizational changes. When carrying out digital transformation of enterprises in the field of logistics, one of the key factors of efficiency is the consideration of the profile barrier, i.e. the complexity of logistic processes. Analyzing the impact of all potential barriers of digital transformation, taking into account the specifics of the enterprise’s activities will eventually allow to carry out digital transformation with the greatest efficiency.

Assessment of The Efficiency of The Territorial Administrative Reorganization of The Parishes of The District of Braga

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify whether the reorganization of parishes carried out in Portugal, in the District of Braga, in 2013, is the one that enhances the greatest efficiency gains. Theoretical framework: The study is based on the relationship between financial sustainability, efficiency, and territory, seeking the optimal dimension of the local power unit. Methodology: The study is based on the Data Envelopment Analysis method, using data from the parishes of the district of Braga in two moments, the year 2012 and the year 2015. For this year, a new territorial reorganization was also proposed and analysed. Results and Conclusions: The reform increased efficiency in 10 of the 14 municipalities. However, it was possible to observe that a reorganization that gives the parishes a larger size, that is, closer to the average seen in the European Union, would bring average efficiency gains in all municipalities. Thus, it is concluded that the reform of the parishes carried out in 2013 in the district of Braga is not the one that allows greater efficiency, since this can be enhanced if they benefit from a larger geographical scale. Research implications: The research contributes to the knowledge of the efficiency of territorial reforms, namely, regarding the impact of the dimension in this context, as well as to the evaluation of the public policy adopted, allowing the public decision-maker to make a sound and sustained decision. Originality/value: This study is original because it studies smaller units of local government, the parishes, on which research is very incipient, namely in Portugal.

ADSORTION POTENTIAL OF GARLIC, GINGER AND LEMON IN THE REMOVAL OF HEAVY METALS FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

This work was conducted to assess the efficiency of Garlic, Ginger and Lemon in the removal of some Heavy Metals from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption process was employed in the experiments. Different dosages (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) g of the adsorbents and concentrations of the heavy metals (1000ppm, 800ppm, 600ppm, 400ppm, and 200ppm) were prepared and used. Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (FAAS) was used to determine the amount of heavy metal concentrations adsorbed at each stage of the experiment. Results obtained show that there was remarkable reduction of metal concentrations in the solutions. However, comparatively, the efficiency of garlic in absorbing the metals is greater than that of ginger and lemon at all conditions. Thus, results obtained suggest that Garlic, Ginger and Lemon could be promising adsorbents for heavy metal removal in aqueous solutions, but garlic has greater efficiency in adsorbing the metals particularly zinc and copper.

Influence of Polymer Fibers on the Structure and Properties of Modified Variatropic Vibrocentrifuged Concrete.

The application of polymer materials in concrete structures is widespread and effectively used. However, there is a lack of a systematic knowledge base about the structure formation and properties of variatropic vibrocentrifuged modified fiber-reinforced concrete. The purpose of this work is the investigation of the influence of polypropylene (PF) and basalt fiber (BF) and modification with microsilica (MS) on the properties of variatropic concretes obtained using the synthesized vibration centrifugation technology. Test samples were made using vibration centrifugation technology, followed by sawing. Various types of fiber reinforcement were studied, both individually and in combination. To determine the degree of effectiveness of each recipe solution, the following main characteristics were monitored: the density and workability of concrete mixtures; the density of hardened composites; compressive strength (CS); bending strength (BS); water absorption (WA). In variatropic vibrocentrifuged concrete, the greatest efficiency is achieved with dispersed BF reinforcement in an amount of 1.5%. Compared to the control composition, the increase in CS was 8.50%, the increase in BS was 79.17%, and WA decreased by 27.54%. With PF reinforcement, the greatest effect was recorded at a dosage of 1.0%. The increase in CS was 3.16%, the increase in BS was 10.42%, and WA decreased by 17.39%. The MS modification showed the best effect with 8% replacement of part of the Portland cement. The increase in CS was 17.43%, the increase in BS was 14.58%, and WA decreased by 33.30%. The most effective and economically rational formulation solution for vibrocentrifuged concrete is combined fiber reinforcement in combination with the MS modification in the following quantities: BF-1.0%; PF-0.5%; MS-8%. The increase in CS was 22.82%, the increase in BS was 85.42%, and WA decreased by 37.68%.

A novel deep learning-based method for automatic stereology of microglia cells from low magnification images

Microglial cells mediate diverse homeostatic, inflammatory, and immune processes during normal development and in response to cytotoxic challenges. During these functional activities, microglial cells undergo distinct numerical and morphological changes in different tissue volumes in both rodent and human brains. However, it remains unclear how these cytostructural changes in microglia correlate with region-specific neurochemical functions. To better understand these relationships, neuroscientists need accurate, reproducible, and efficient methods for quantifying microglial cell number and morphologies in histological sections. To address this deficit, we developed a novel deep learning (DL)-based classification, stereology approach that links the appearance of Iba1 immunostained microglial cells at low magnification (20×) with the total number of cells in the same brain region based on unbiased stereology counts as ground truth. Once DL models are trained, total microglial cell numbers in specific regions of interest can be estimated and treatment groups predicted in a high-throughput manner (<1 min) using only low-power images from test cases, without the need for time and labor-intensive stereology counts or morphology ratings in test cases. Results for this DL-based automatic stereology approach on two datasets (total 39 mouse brains) showed >90% accuracy, 100% percent repeatability (Test-Retest) and 60× greater efficiency than manual stereology (<1 min vs. ∼ 60 min) using the same tissue sections. Ongoing and future work includes use of this DL-based approach to establish clear neurodegeneration profiles in age-related human neurological diseases and related animal models.

Series of advanced SLAM processes and applications

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is an increasingly important field in robotics. SLAM enables the processes of localization and mapping to run simultaneously by using methods like feature extraction, feature matching, extended Kalman Filter, and probability distribution models, allowing robots to have more autonomy and greater efficiency. SLAM has been applied in industry robots, autonomous vehicles, augmented reality, UAVs, humanoid robots, and planetary rovers. With an increasing number of applications of SLAM, the demand for higher-performance SLAM algorithms has driven innovation and advancement in the field every year. SLAM is a highly promising algorithm for the future of robotics, but problems like uncertainty, correspondence, and time complexity prevent the full use of SLAM in robotics applications. It is essential to analyze SLAM in all aspects to apply it to future work. This article provides a detailed insight into the SLAM process, considers previous advancements and current problems, and discusses the future of SLAM.