Great Windmill Research Articles

Joseph Banks and William Hunter: where the Royal Society meets the Royal Academy

ABSTRACT During the second half of the eighteenth century London emerged as the centre of a growing scientific community, motivated and stimulated by an expanding empire. Within this closely connected metropolitan network, the figures of Sir Joseph Banks (1743–1820) and Dr William Hunter (1718–1783) exemplify the model of gentlemanly naturalist, each dynamically engaged in the pursuit of their interrelated interests in human and comparative anatomy, zoology and botany. Sir Joseph Banks's mansion at Soho Squre was a short stroll from William Hunter's Anatomy School at 16 Great Windmill Street and these homes of the President of the Royal Society and first Professor of Anatomy at the Royal Academy of Arts, respectively, acted as centres to the periphery, combining the accummulated knowledge of both institutions behind the domestic façade of their private homes. Both individuals commissioned a number of artists, combining the visual skills of the artist with the authentic expertise of the anatomist and naturalist. This paper describes these complementary approaches of Sir Joseph Banks and William Hunter, suggesting that while they each shared similar goals for the production of natural knowledge, these may have been motivated by quite different ideas on the purpose of their public roles.

A Vivisecting Dramatist: The Anatomy of Theater in Joanna Baillie’s “Introductory Discourse” and De Monfort

ABSTRACTThis article examines the aims, methods, and vocabularies of Joanna Baillie's “Introductory Discourse” and De Monfort alongside Matthew Baillie's anatomical tome, Morbid Anatomy, and a lecture that has escaped scholarly notice: Matthew Baillie's “Introductory Lecture to the Course of Anatomy given in Great Windmill Street. In two parts. First Delivered in the Year 1785.” In A Series of Plays, Joanna Baillie depicts passion as disease and, to unveil the pathology of these hidden passions, I assert she employs soliloquy as a metaphorical vivisection. In doing so, she adapts and improves upon methods of inquiry used in the study of anatomy in unprecedented ways to investigate mental illness.

William Cruikshank (1745-1800), anatomist and surgeon, and his illustrious patient, Samuel Johnson.

William Cumberland Cruikshank (1745-1800) was a Scot who from 1771 until his death taught anatomy at the famous school of anatomy in Great Windmill Street, London, founded by William Hunter (1718-1783). Arguably, his most famous patient was Samuel Johnson, the celebrated 18th Century man of letters and author of the first English dictionary. This article, largely drawn from Johnson's correspondence, documents the medical condition that caused Johnson to consult Cruikshank and some of the social links between Johnson, Hunter, and Cruikshank.

Structure and motion analyses of the sails of Chinese Great Windmill

This study is to conduct analyses of the structure and operation of the sail of the Chinese Great Windmill based on the results of a reconstruction project of the vertical shaft type wind-power Chinese square-pallet chain-pumps during 2004–2006. According to the tests and analyses, the motion of the sail can be divided into three regions during a windmill cycle. Region I (the sail is positioned at the 1st limit position, ∅) and II (the sail is positioned at the 2nd limit position, λ) are both propelled but Region III is not. The hanging of the sail is an important aspect of installing (or starting) the Great Windmill. The length of the sheet and the point at which the end of the sheet is tied sets the sail at an optimal angle and are the deciding factors that generate greater work torque in the Great Windmill. If the sheet is tied on a crossing bar, when ∅ = 12.7 °, and λ = 116.3 °, it can obtain the maximum average torque (average torque factor = 2.263). If the sail is not constrained by the geometric relationship, the resulting maximum average torque (average torque factor = 2.271) can be derived using ∅ = 18.1 °, λ = 120.8 °.

Benjamin Brodie's infamous case of Isambard Kingdom Brunel and an inhaled gold coin

Benjamin Brodie's infamous case of Isambard Kingdom Brunel and an inhaled gold coin

The contribution to our understanding of spinal disorders by the great Windmill Street School of Anatomy

This is a review article. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of the private school of anatomy, the Great Windmill Street School, in our understanding of the physiology, anatomy and pathology of the spine and spinal cord and its role in the treatment of spinal diseases in the eighteenth century. Much has been written about the Hunter brothers and Sir Charles Bell and their contribution to anatomy and medical teaching but the significant role of the Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy in our understanding of the spinal cord and the treatment of spinal disorders had not been previously explored. Wendover, UK. Review of the literature. Not applicable. The Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy was unique and fundamental in our understanding of the spine and the spinal cord and the treatment of spinal diseases. What is remarkable is that this work emanated from a private school and not a hospital or a university and it allowed an outstanding school of surgeons and physicians to carry out their work unfettered.

Genealogy of John and Charles Bell: Their Relationship with the Children of Charles Shaw of Ayr

The Reverend William Bell had six children who survived infancy. Two of his sons entered the legal profession and two other sons became distinguished anatomists and surgeons--John Bell, said for 20 years to have been the leading operating surgeon in Britain and throughout the world--and Sir Charles Bell, possibly the most distinguished anatomist and physiologist of his day. Information is not known about the fifth son or their sister. Charles Shaw, a lawyer of Ayr, had four sons and two daughters who survived infancy. Two of his sons, John and Alexander, became anatomists and later surgeons at the Middlesex Hospital, and both worked closely with Charles Bell at the Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy. His third son entered the law and his fourth son became a distinguished soldier. The two daughters of Charles Shaw married into the Bell family: Barbara married George Joseph Bell and Marion married Mr (later Sir) Charles Bell.

Genealogy of John and Charles Bell: their relationship with the children of Charles Shaw of Ayr

The Reverend William Bell had six children who survived infancy. Two of his sons entered the legal profession and two other sons became distinguished anatomists and surgeons — John Bell, said for 20 years to have been the leading operating surgeon in Britain and throughout the world -and Sir Charles Bell, possibly the most distinguished anatomist and physiologist of his day. Information is not known about the fifth son or their sister. Charles Shaw, a lawyer of Ayr, had four sons and two daughters who survived infancy. Two of his sons, John and Alexander, became anatomists and later surgeons at the Middlesex Hospital, and both worked closely with Charles Bell at the Great Windmill Street School of Anatomy. His third son entered the law and his fourth son became a distinguished soldier. The two daughters of Charles Shaw married into the Bell family: Barbara married George Joseph Bell and Marion married Mr (later Sir) Charles Bell.

The History of the Royal Society of Medicine

The History of the Royal Society of Medicine

Neolithic Pottery from Larne

In the Antrim Collection at the Ashmolean Museum is a group of sherds said to be from a chambered cairn near Lame, co. Antrim. There are no exact details of the find available, but a label pasted inside one sherd states that it was found in a tumulus in 1869. Mr. E. Thurlow Leeds first drew attention to this pottery in 1927 and indicated its importance, but it has not hitherto been fully studied.The group is unambiguously linked by certain sherds with a small series of Scottish Neolithic wares, represented by the well-known bowls from the Clachaig and Beacharra segmented cairns, but other fragments show remarkable features which serve to isolate it as a group sui generis.The importance of the group lies in the mixture of styles represented. The actual forms of the pottery suggest kinship with the great Windmill Hill family of the British Neolithic wares, and certain sherds (Nos. 4, 5, 11, 12, and 16) exhibit features of decoration (transverse strokes on the rim, shallow grooves, etc.) characteristic of this class alone. On the other hand, the motifs of cord impressions, both plain and whipped, hatched triangles and herringbone on the other sherds are completely unknown in the pure Windmill Hill ceramics and occur in the British Neolithic only in the pottery of the Peterborough culture. The arrangement of the ornament in panels on Nos. 1 and 3 is, however, a distinctive Windmill Hill style.

Tennis court in great windmill street

Tennis court in great windmill street

Tennis court in great Windmill street

Tennis court in great Windmill street

Tennis court in Great Windmill Street

Tennis court in Great Windmill Street Get access J. J. Freeman J. J. Freeman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 156, Issue 2, 12 January 1929, Page 34, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/156.2.34e Published: 12 January 1929

Review Observations on the Incurvations of the Spine arising from softness of the bones, and on their Treatment, particularly in regard to the female sex: and some remarks on Abscesses of the Hip-Joint, and on Incurvations of the Spine from the carious vertebrœ. Extracted from the Lectures delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons in London, in the summer of

Review Observations on the Incurvations of the Spine arising from softness of the bones, and on their Treatment, particularly in regard to the female sex: and some remarks on Abscesses of the Hip-Joint, and on Incurvations of the Spine from the carious vertebrœ. Extracted from the Lectures delivered before the Royal College of Surgeons in London, in the summer of