Greater Time Loss Research Articles

The association between sport-related concussion and musculoskeletal injury in university rugby athletes

ObjectivesThe study aimed to analyse the association between Sports-Related Concussion (SRC) and Subsequent Musculoskeletal Injury (MSK) in United Kingdom university-aged rugby union players whilst considering the effects of sex, athlete playing position and injury location. DesignRetrospective cohort study. A period of 365 days with 0–90, 91–180 and 181–365 days sub-periods was analysed for the following variables; MSK injury incidence, occurrence, severity, injury location, playing position and sex. SettingInjury data was collected from the Sports Development Centre database at Loughborough University. ParticipantsA total of 408 injuries in 181 athletes (55 females and 126 males) were included. ResultsThe MSK injury incidence of SRC group was significantly higher than control and higher post-SRC than pre-SRC period over a 365-day period (p=0.012 and p=0.034, respectively). The odds ratios of MSK injury incidence between groups and between periods were 1.62 (95% CI, 1.10–2.25) and 1.57 (95% CI ,1.08–2.29). A SRC was not associated with a greater time loss from a subsequent MSK injury or a specific MSK injury location. ConclusionsAthletes with a second recorded injury were more likely to sustain a MSK injury if they had experienced SRC, however, there was no indication a SRC resulted in greater time loss from a MSK injury.

Unfelt: The Language of Affect in the British Enlightenment

Unfelt: The Language of Affect in the British Enlightenment

LEARNING-based Focused WEB Crawler

As the number of pages being published every day increases enormously, there is a consistent need to design an efficient crawler mechanism that can result in appropriate and efficient search results for the everyday query. Every day people face the problem of inappropriate or incorrect answers among search results. So, there is a strong need to develop enhanced methods to provide precise search results for the user in an acceptable time frame. Through this project, we exhibit an effective approach to building a crawler considering factors that have never been considered before. The main focus of the project would be designing an intelligent crawler that learns itself to improve the effective ranking of URLs using a focused crawler. Moreover, there exist many crawlers which first head to the seed URL, read the pages, and download the pages for further indexing to the search engines. In this, there is a problem that if a website/page which does not update regularly, is still crawled by the crawler even though it had already been downloaded in its previous visit. Due to this, there is a great loss of bandwidth, network, time, and storage. So, we aim to minimize these problems by making an effective system with a revisited policy for web crawlers. First, websites are divided into three categories frequently, frequent, static in the first crawl, and then the crawler decides its time that at what time it has to crawl again for that website.

Contract bidding and quality of industrial and civil construction

Quality in construction industry can be defined as the attainment of acceptable levels of performance from construction activities. This performance would be attained when the activity meets or exceeds the requirement of the client or the owner. The quality of any product or service is achieved when it conforms to the desired specifications. Achieving quality in construction industry in long run is a tough issue and has been a problem. Inefficient or no practice of quality management procedures will result in great loss of time, money, material, resources. As a result of the size and cost of most construction projects, these efforts must fit into the legal framework governing the particular property. This framework will incorporate governmental regulations on the use of the property and various obligations that are created during the process of the construction. This bidding system is the most relevant today, because it allows you to create competitive conditions for applicants for construction, choose the best contractor and conclude a contract with him on the most favorable terms, while respecting the quality of both the bidding procedure and the construction process

Epidemiology of Hand and Wrist Injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Players from 2009 to 2014: Incidence and Injury Patterns

Objectives:Participation in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football is at an all-time high. This population experiences a substantial injury burden with many of these injuries affecting the upper extremities. The NCAA has adopted a data-driven decision-making process when providing recommendations for protecting player safety. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of hand and wrist injury in NCAA football in an effort to provide meaningful data for tailoring effective injury prevention strategies.Methods:An epidemiologic study utilizing the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) database was performed to investigate rates and patterns of hand and wrist injury in NCAA varsity football teams participating in the NCAA-ISP from 2009 to 2014. Descriptive statistics were used to present demographic data. Injury rates were calculated per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) using statistical cross-referencing between injury-level and event-level data. Injury mechanism and severity, as measured by time-loss from play, were determined and compared between exposure factors such as player position, player seniority, and practice versus game setting.Results:725 hand and wrist injuries were captured in 899,225 AEs. The observed practice hand and wrist injury rate was 0.51 injuries per thousand AEs, which was significantly lower than the game injury rate of 3.60 (p < 0.01). Comparing player demographics for injuries sustained during practice as opposed to game time revealed significant differences based on player year, player position, activity performed at the time of injury, and mechanism of injury (p < 0.01, Figure 1). Player-on-player contact was the most common injury mechanism reported with blocking being the most common activity at injury. Of all sustained injuries, 71.4% resulted in no time loss from competition whereas 9.8% of injuries resulted in greater than 7 days of time loss. On average, fracture resulted in the greatest time loss from competition (8.3 ± 24.0 days for injuries sustained in practice setting, 7.7 ±15.8 days for injuries sustained in game setting). When comparing injury by location, hand injury resulted in greater time loss (3.7 ± 15.1, 4.4 ± 13.8) than to nail/subungual (0±0, 0±0), finger (1.6 ± 6.7, 1.1 ± 4.2), and wrist injury (1.2 ± 3.8, 1.8 ± 4.9).Conclusion:This study characterizes the incidence of NCAA football hand and wrist injuries in both practice and game settings and demonstrates the relatively low rate of injuries leading to loss of playing time. Hand and wrist injury was found to be significantly more common in games when compared to practice. Offensive linemen were the most commonly affected players in the cohort, with most injuries occurring during game time compared to practice. This study provides valuable prognostic data regarding expected time loss from play on a per injury pattern basis. Further investigation on specific injury subtypes and expected time loss as a result of these injures would provide trainers, players, and coaches with useful information on an expected post-injury recovery and rehabilitation timeline.Figure 1.Player Demographics for Injuries Sustained in the Practice and Game Settings

Epidemiology of Hand and Wrist Injuries in NCAA Men's Football: 2009-2010 to 2013-2014.

Background:Participation in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football is at an all-time high. This population of athletes experiences a substantial injury burden, with many injuries affecting the upper extremities.Purpose/Hypothesis:The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of hand and wrist injuries in college football players from the academic years 2009–2010 to 2013–2014. We hypothesized that variables such as event type (practice vs game), mechanism of injury, and player position would have an effect on the injury incidence.Study Design:Descriptive epidemiological study.Methods:An epidemiological study utilizing the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program was performed to investigate rates and patterns of hand and wrist injuries in participating varsity football teams from 2009–2010 to 2013–2014.Results:A total of 725 hand and wrist injuries were captured in 899,225 athlete-exposures. The observed practice injury rate was 0.51 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures, compared with a game injury rate of 3.60 (P < .01). Player-on-player contact was the most common injury mechanism reported, with blocking being the most common activity at the time of injury. Offensive linemen were most likely to experience an injury. Of all injuries sustained, 71.4% resulted in no time loss from competition, whereas 9.8% of injuries resulted in longer than 7 days of time loss. A fracture resulted in the greatest time loss from competition (mean ± SD, 8.3 ± 24.0 days; median, 0 days [range, 0-148 days] for injuries sustained in a practice setting) (mean ± SD, 7.7 ± 15.8 days; median, 0 days [range, 0-87 days] for injuries sustained in a game setting).Conclusion:Hand and wrist injuries were found to be significantly more common in games when compared with practices. This study provides valuable prognostic data regarding expected time loss on a per-injury pattern basis. Further investigation on specific injury subtypes and expected time loss as a result of these injures would provide trainers, players, and coaches with useful information on an expected postinjury recovery and rehabilitation timeline.

An audit of injuries in six english professional soccer academies

ABSTRACTRegulations now state that professional academies in the United Kingdom are required to substantially increase the volume of soccer training. This study assessed the current injury occurrence, providing an update to reports published prior to the introduction of the Elite Player Performance Plan (EPPP). 608 soccer players aged 11–18 years from six professional soccer clubs were prospectively monitored, recording injuries during the 2014–2015 season. An injury rate of 1.32 injuries per player/season was indicated with a mean time loss of 21.9 days per injury. The greatest time loss per injury was in the U14s-U15s, and the highest rate of severe injuries in the U15s. Strains and sprains were the most common injury type, with the knee and ankle the most frequently injured anatomical sites. Seasonal variation indicated two peaks in injury incidence, occurring in September and January. In comparison to a published audit prior to the inception of the EPPP, this study indicates that academy soccer players are three-times more likely to experience an injury. Given that time loss and injury severity also increased during periods that typically follow rapid growth, these players should be considered an important group for training load monitoring and injury prevention strategies.

EFFECT OF PREVIOUS CONCUSSION ON SPORT-SPECIFIC SKILLS IN YOUTH ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS

BackgroundHockey Canada developed the Hockey Canada Skills Test (HCST), which measures skill acquisition and development.ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of previous concussion on sport-specific skill performance in youth ice hockey players.DesignCross-sectional.SettingIce...

CSM 2017 Sports Physical Therapy Section Poster Presentations (Abstracts SPO1–SPO152)

CSM 2017 Sports Physical Therapy Section Poster Presentations (Abstracts SPO1–SPO152)

Sex Differences in Reported Concussion Injury Rates and Time Loss From Participation: An Update of the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program From 2004-2005 Through 2008-2009.

Epidemiologic studies have identified differences in concussion incidence between the sexes. However, few authors to date have updated injury rates (IRs) and time loss between male and female concussed athletes. To examine sex differences in IRs and time loss in concussed National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) athletes. Descriptive epidemiologic study. National Collegiate Athletic Association athletics. A total of 1702 concusssed NCAA athletes, consisting of 903 females and 779 males participating in soccer, basketball, ice hockey, lacrosse, softball, or baseball over a 5-year period from 2004-2005 through 2008-2009. Using the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program, athletic trainers reported concussions, athlete-exposures (AEs), and time loss across 10 NCAA sports. An IR is the number of injuries in a particular category divided by the number of AEs in that category. During the study period, 1702 concussions were reported during 4 170 427 AEs for an overall total of 5.47 per 10 000 AEs. In sex-comparable sports, females had a 1.4 times higher overall concussion IR than males (IRs = 4.84 and 3.46, respectively), with greater rates in women's baseball/softball, basketball, ice hockey, and soccer than men. Female soccer and basketball players also displayed more time loss after concussion compared with male basketball and soccer players. Female athletes sustained a higher rate of concussion and, in all sports except lacrosse, had greater time loss from concussion than male athletes. Additional research is needed on sex differences in time loss after concussions.

RISUS study: Rugby Injury Surveillance in Ulster Schools

ObjectiveTo examine injury patterns in adolescent rugby players and determine factors associated with injury risk.DesignProspective injury surveillance study.SettingN=28 Grammar Schools in Ulster, Ireland (2014–2015 playing season).Participants825 adolescent rugby players, across...

Object positioning in storages of robotized workcells using LabVIEW Vision

During the manufacturing process, each performed task is previously developed and adapted to the conditions and the possibilities of the manufacturing plant. The production process is supervised by a team of specialists because any downtime causes great loss of time and hence financial loss. Sensors used in industry for tracking and supervision various stages of a production process make it much easier to maintain it continuous. One of groups of sensors used in industrial applications are non-contact sensors. This group includes: light barriers, optical sensors, rangefinders, vision systems, and ultrasonic sensors. Through to the rapid development of electronics the vision systems were widespread as the most flexible type of non-contact sensors. These systems consist of cameras, devices for data acquisition, devices for data analysis and specialized software. Vision systems work well as sensors that control the production process itself as well as the sensors that control the product quality level. The LabVIEW program as well as the LabVIEW Vision and LabVIEW Builder represent the application that enables program the informatics system intended to process and product quality control. The paper presents elaborated application for positioning elements in a robotized workcell. Basing on geometric parameters of manipulated object or on the basis of previously developed graphical pattern it is possible to determine the position of particular manipulated elements. This application could work in an automatic mode and in real time cooperating with the robot control system. It allows making the workcell functioning more autonomous.

INJURY TYPES AND RATES IN AN INTERNATIONAL CRICKET TEAM: APPLICATION OF SUBSEQUENT INJURY CATEGORISATION

BackgroundLongitudinal injury surveillance may provide valuable information regarding relationships between initial and any subsequent injuries. The Subsequent Injury Categorisation (SIC) (Finch & Cook, 2013) has been proposed as a method...

Injuries in pre-professional ballet dancers: Incidence, characteristics and consequences

Compared to other athletic activities, research on injury incidence and risk factors in dance is limited. There is also a need for more research evaluating the impact of intense training on elite adolescent athletes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rates and risk of injuries, the hours of dance exposure and the characteristics and consequences of injuries among elite pre-professional ballet students. Prospective epidemiological study. 266 (112 male) full-time students aged 15-19 years from three elite pre-professional ballet schools were followed prospectively over one school year. Injury rate was reported per 1000 h of dance and 1000 dance exposures (DEs). Injury details collected included type and anatomical location of injury. The clinical incidence of injury was 1.42 injuries per dancer and the risk of injury was 76% over the one-year period. The rate of injury was 1.38/1000 h of dance and 1.87/1000 DEs. Joints were the most commonly injured structures and the ankle was the most commonly injured body area. Overuse injuries were more common than traumatic injuries. Bony injuries (e.g. stress fractures), and injuries to the knee were associated with the greatest time loss per injury. Injury risk and rate increased as students progressed through their three years of training. In comparison with other adolescent athletic populations, participants in this study had a similar injury rate but a higher risk of injury. This may be attributable to the high level of training exposure in pre-professional ballet students.

Invasion of Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides in northern Chile: A new threat for Gracilaria farming

Invasive species are key components of the burgeoning global change in ecological communities. The green alga Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides (Chlorophyta) is a recognized invader in marine ecosystems around the world, with described ecological effects ranging from minor changes in native species abundance to major changes in community structure, as well as negative economic effects on aquaculture species. The objective of this work is to provide an assessment of the extension of the C. fragile invasion along the coast of Chile, and characterize the pattern of temporal fluctuations in abundance, and potential economic effects of this algal invader in a Gracilaria chilensis farm in northern Chile. In 2005 we recorded C. fragile at 34 of 123 sites sampled along the Chilean coast, with over half of the invaded sites occurring between 26° and 30°S latitude. At 12 sites C. fragile was present only on artificial substrata, suggesting that artificial structures may act as corridors for the dispersal of this alga into subtidal or intertidal habitats where it is otherwise not able to survive. At one site (Calderilla Bay) C. fragile has reached high levels of abundance within G. chilensis farms. At this site we observed marked seasonality in the monthly C. fragile abundance index, with greater C. fragile abundances in summer and fall months, associated with higher sea surface temperatures (SST). In addition, we report a significant long-term trend of increasing C. fragile abundances over the 5 years of observations in the plantation. If the distribution of C. fragile in Chile is largely determined by SST, we expect faster spread of northern populations towards the north. Weedy species had a negative effect on the farmed species, G. chilensis. During the 4 months in which algae wet weights were measured, the estimated C. fragile biomass averaged 22.9 kg m − 2 , compared with an estimated average of 18.5 kg m − 2 of the harvested red alga, G. chilensis. In addition, we recorded a negative effect of C. fragile abundances on the Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) of G. chilensis with a significant upper limit to CPUE at the 94th quantile. Since weedy species generate a great loss of time and money in G. chilensis farms, it is likely that without intervention, the costs associated with the C. fragile invasion threaten the persistence of G. chilensis farms in northern Chile. Stakeholders should implement preventative measures to stop C. fragile spread from focal points.

Learning from the Euro Disney Experience

American businesses make assumptions about the transferability of their business, management, marketing, economic and structural models of organizing which frequently fail to take into consideration cultural differences. An example of the consequences of such an approach to intercultural business practice can be found in the Disney Corporation's recent European venture, now called Disneyland, Paris. Lack of cultural sensitivity and the negative infiltration strategy used by the Disney Corporation resulted in a great loss of time, money and reputation for which the corporation has only recently begun to compensate. It is the primary thesis of this article that the initial losses experienced by the Disney Corporation may have been prevented if only its representatives had known then what they know now: simply put, that organizations are not distinct, separate entities capable of functioning outside their physical, social and cultural environments. That insight, of course, calls for a different approach to international business, one which begins with the most basic aspect of human organizations, namely effective, meaningful, communicative interactions between people.

Predictors of time loss after back injury in nurses.

A 2-year prospective inception cohort study of back injury in nurses. To determine the extent to which characteristics of nurses, of the injury, and of the workplace predict occurrence and duration of time loss from work after back injury. During 2 years, 320 nurses incurred 416 back injuries at a large teaching hospital in Winnipeg, Canada. Nurses injured on preselected wards were targeted for early intervention, including provision of modified work, whereas nurses injured on other wards received the usual care. Time loss attributable to the back injury during the 6 months after injury was analyzed. Three statistical models were used to examine occurrence of time loss (logistic regression), duration of time loss (Tobit regression), and duration of time loss once an injury incurring time loss had been documented (least-squares regression). In 218 of the 416 injuries, the injured nurse consented to interview. Whereas perceived disability was related to whether a time loss injury would ensue, self-reported pain was strongly related to the duration of time loss once an injury had become a time loss injury. Duration of time loss was reduced by participation in the return-to-work program. Mechanism of injury, specifically injury occurring while lifting patients, resulted in greater time loss. Focusing on reducing the perception of disability at the time of injury is critical to preventing time loss, but once time loss has occurred, offer of modified work and attention to pain reduction are warranted. The findings add to the evidence that workplace-based intervention programs can be effective in reducing the morbidity resulting from back injury.

Liver transplantation for sclerosing cholangitis

The clinical course of 37 patients who underwent 46 liver transplantations for primary (n = 33) and secondary (n = 4) sclerosing cholangitis was reviewed. The median follow-up was 37 months. The patient and graft survivals for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis at 1, 2, and 5 years were 96.9%, 91.6%, 87.9%, and 83.1%, 74.2%, 65.2%, respectively. In the patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), prior surgery except for simple cholecystectomy was associated with significantly greater operative time and blood loss. No cholangiocarcinoma was identified at the time of transplantation. Human leukocyte antigen typing for PSC patients was heavily weighed toward B8 (58.8%) compared with control (11.8%). Sixty-two percent of patients with PSC also had inflammatory bowel disease. Moderate or severe rejection requiring OKT3, “rescue therapy” with FK506, or retransplantation was relatively higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (70%) versus patients without inflammatory bowel disease (36.4%) and a matched control group (37.5%). Progressive inflammatory bowel disease was seen in 6 of 19 patients, with 3 developing cancer and a dysplasia. Two patients in the entire group died of sepsis and 3 of colon cancer (2 recurrent and 1 primary). These data demonstrate that excellent survival results can be achieved in this group of patients. Rejection is frequent and often severe and steroid refractory. Colon cancer represents the most frequent cause of death in PSC patients after liver transplantation and demands constant attention.

Patterns of knee injuries in wrestling: a six year study.

Data on knee injuries sustained by the University of Iowa wrestling team over a 6 year period were compiled. There were a total of 136 wrestlers during this time. Fifty-one different wrestlers sustained 136 injuries (64 knees). Multiple parameters were examined for each injury, including date of injury; days lost; diagnosis; side injured; mechanism; occurrence during competition or practice; whether the wrestler was in control, "on the bottom," or both wrestlers standing; type of move being made at the time of injury; how far into a match or practice the injury happened; initial versus recurrent injury; principal form of management; weight-bearing status; and presence of knee pads. Each wrestler's weight class, years of experience, rank on the team, lead leg, and compliance were noted. We found an incidence of 30 knee injuries per 100 wrestlers per year. There were 11.5 knee injuries per 100 wrestlers per year requiring a week or greater time loss. This comprises over one third of all serious wrestling injuries. Exposure data revealed injury rates in matches to be almost 40 times those of practice. Wrestlers with previous knee injuries were at high risk for reinjury. Early season competition is an extremely high risk period. The most frequent injuries were prepatellar bursitis, lateral and medial sprains, and lateral and medial meniscal tears. We noted a relatively higher rate of lateral versus medial meniscal tears compared to other sports and a somewhat common presentation of a meniscal tear resulting from minimal trauma. The lead leg was injured most often. The takedown was the most frequent situation where any injury occurred. Defensive wrestlers appeared to be at higher risk during takedowns. The wrestler "underneath" was also injured more often. Compliance correlated with decreased recurrence of injury. Approximately 50% of wrestlers were found to be noncompliant with medical recommendations. Junior varsity wrestlers lost significantly more time than varsity wrestlers with equivalent injuries. There was no correlation of injury rate with weight class, period of match, timing in practice, or years of experience.

2—by G. Verploegh

The earlier experiments in the weather routing of ships, which in the middle fifties were carried out in the United States of America, have shown that in some instances the combined use of wave-condition charts and extended weather forecasts enabled a ship to follow a more direct route across the ocean without encountering the hazard of a severe storm and a great loss of time, which the shipmaster would have tried to avoid by taking a more southern and generally much longer route.