The University of Alberta’s Varsity Ski Club (VSC) functioned as an outdoor, extracurricular training ground for university women to develop as leaders during the 1930s. The life stories of four women are reconstructed to examine how a nature-based extracurricular club at the University of Alberta (U of A) played a role in shaping their understanding of outdoor recreation and leadership, while preparing them for future roles as leaders in civic life after the Great Depression. The VSC is explored as a cultivating ground for female leaders who acted as agents of change in their own lives, contesting and accepting gender norms, during their time at the U of A and into later life. Situating the VSC within histories of women’s higher education and skiing in Western Canada, this article investigates how participation in a co-educational ski club offered women opportunities to negotiate gender norms and translate skills in administration, outdoor recreation, and service into careers and community leadership. The VSC was a key, yet largely unacknowledged, site where University of Alberta women cultivated a nuanced form of modern womanhood that combined professional ambition, family life, and lifelong engagement with outdoor sport and civic service.

Understanding the role of intersectional identity constructs on psychological well-being of Latino men who have sex with men (LMSM) in San Diego, California: A cross-sectional analysis of the NEXUS study.

Psychic pain (PsyPn) refers to intense emotional suffering that is experienced as both unbearable and irreversible. PsyPn has been shown in cross-sectional studies to be associated with greater depression, distress, and suicide risk. Although PsyPn is frequently discussed as a primary driver of suicide, few studies have evaluated its short-term predictive value for detecting changes in risk, and few have examined how PsyPn influences risk in interaction with other established factors, such as hopelessness. To address these gaps, the current study utilized ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to identify links between PsyPn, well-established psychosocial risk factors for suicide (hopelessness, loneliness, and burdensomeness), and the short-term emergence of suicidal ideation (SI) and planning. Thirty-nine adults across three clinical sites enrolled in the study after being identified during prescreen as being at elevated suicide risk. Subjects completed a baseline measure of vulnerability to PsyPn (Psychic Pain Scale), followed by an EMA protocol evaluating negative mental states, PsyPn, and SI and planning six times daily over a 14-day period. Multilevel modeling was used to estimate both within-and between-person associations between PsyPn, negative mental states, and SI and planning. Across suicide-related outcomes and timescales, PsyPn was associated with increased suicide risk, and greater PsyPn at both baseline and near-term levels amplified the influence of other daily living risk factors on suicide-related outcomes. The implications of these findings for suicide risk assessment and intervention are discussed, particularly in terms of informing specific targets and timescales of interventions.

Background/Objectives: Insomnia is highly prevalent among patients with asthma and has been associated with systemic inflammation, reduced lung function, and increased mortality. This study investigated whether insomnia mediates the relationship between asthma control and psychosocial dysfunction, including social anhedonia and functional impairment. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 153 adults with physician-diagnosed asthma classified as controlled (n = 51) or uncontrolled (n = 102) according to the Asthma Control Test (ACT). Insomnia severity was assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), social anhedonia using the Revised Social Anhedonia Scale (RSAS), psychological distress using DASS-21, and functional impairment using the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST). Results: Uncontrolled asthma was associated with significantly higher insomnia severity and greater depression, anxiety, and stress levels (all p < 0.001). Asthma control emerged as the strongest independent predictor of insomnia severity (β = −0.451, p < 0.001). Although asthma control was not directly associated with social anhedonia or functional impairment, insomnia significantly mediated these relationships. The indirect effect of asthma control on social anhedonia via insomnia was significant (B = −0.1162, 95% CI [−0.2384, −0.0029]), as was the indirect effect on functional impairment (B = −0.4953, 95% CI [−0.8656, −0.1038]). Spirometric indices were not independently associated with psychosocial outcomes. Conclusions: Insomnia may represent an important intermediary process linking poor asthma control to psychosocial dysfunction. These findings highlight the clinical importance of assessing sleep disturbances in asthma patients and suggest that insomnia may contribute to broader psychosocial impairment beyond respiratory symptoms alone.

This study utilizes the illness identity framework to investigate the incorporation of HIV into a sense of self and how varying degrees of integration influence key patient-reported outcomes. Using baseline data from the SINAKO Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial, we analysed responses from 316 adults living with HIV (PLHIV) attending 12 healthcare facilities in the Cape metropole, South Africa. Respondents completed assessments on four illness identity dimensions (rejection, acceptance, engulfment, and enrichment) alongside measures for depression and anxiety symptoms, stigma, medication adherence, and self-management. Regression analyses with robust standard errors assessed associations between illness identity and patient-reported outcomes, controlling for gender, age, and illness duration. Longer illness duration was associated with acceptance and enrichment. There was no evidence of an association between gender or education level and illness identity, while age showed a weak positive association with acceptance. Higher engulfment scores correlated with greater depression and anxiety symptoms, increased stigma, and poorer treatment adherence and self-management. Higher enrichment scores were associated with better self-management and lower stigma. Higher rejection scores were associated with heightened negative self-image. Acceptance did not show unique associations with any outcome. This study highlights the vital role of illness integration in shaping health outcomes among PLHIV in resource-limited, high-prevalence settings. Strategies that rapidly identify those in an engulfment state early in the illness trajectory and foster adaptive illness integration, specifically enrichment, could improve outcomes for PLHIV.

Objectives The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) has shown promising results in older adult populations, though more research is needed to examine its relationship with important clinical outcomes (i.e. everyday function, depression). Particularly, additional research on potential disparities in self vs. informant reports in these outcomes is of importance. The aim of the present study was to examine the NIHTB-CB’s relationship with both self and informant-reported everyday functioning and depression in older adults. Method Forty-three cognitively healthy older adults completed the NIHTB-CB. Participants and their informants completed questionnaires related to the participants’ everyday functioning (Everyday Cognition Scale; ECog) and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale-30; GDS-30). Correlation between NIHTB-CB, ECog, and GDS-30 was conducted. Then, simultaneous regression analyses of total ECog controlling for GDS-30 and significant NIHTB-CB scores identified in the prior aim were conducted, Results Worse performance on NIHTB-CB tests of processing speed, working memory (WM), inhibitory control, and conceptual flexibility (CF) were all related to worse self-reported everyday functioning and greater depression (all p < 0.05). Further, associations between WM and CF remained significantly associated with worse everyday functioning even after accounting for self-reported depression. While NIHTB-CB episodic memory was associated with informant-rated participant depression, there was no association of any NIHTB-CB measures with informant-rated everyday functioning. Conclusion The NIHTB-CB is associated with functional changes in cognitively healthy older adults and may be useful in early identification of risk for a pathological cognitive aging trajectory. Further exploration of informant-reported participant depression in cognitive aging is warranted.

Objective This cross-sectional study examined whether the associations between trait mindfulness and psychological distress were consistent with indirect associations involving experiential avoidance (EA) among college students. Participants The sample consisted of 289 undergraduate students (Mage = 18.7; 77% female). Methods Participants completed the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21. Indirect effect models were estimated with bootstrapped confidence intervals. Results Higher trait mindfulness was associated with lower EA, and higher EA was associated with greater depression, anxiety, and stress. Bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals for indirect effect estimates did not include zero across outcomes and EA measures, and direct associations between mindfulness and distress remained. Conclusions These findings are consistent with psychological flexibility theory and suggest that EA is a relevant correlate of mindfulness-distress associations in college students. Longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to test temporal precedence and causal mechanisms.

Telles, R. (Director). Heffernan, J. &amp; Feinberg, M. (Executive Producers). (2024). American Agitators. Video Project. 94 mins. Most people have probably never heard of Fred Ross. Yet he was a major force in the second half of the 20th century. Ross had a gift for organizing people at the grassroots level and he shared that gift by training others to do the same. He actually began his work as the supervisor in the migrant camps of the Great Depression in his home state of California. He taught those people how to organize themselves so that everyone could have a better life. During WWII, he supervised a Japanese relocation camp and, again, taught them to organize. After the war, he continued to work with ethnic groups and labor groups. He helped found the Community Service Organization which focused on these grassroots efforts to improve people’s lives in areas such as equal education and safety in the workplace. This resulted in achievements like the founding of the Farm Workers Union. Up until then, the traditional way of organizing people was the ‘hate the boss’ method: make people as angry as possible and it usually ended in a physical fight between the two sides. Ross rejected this; he was a man of peace. He knew that the real power of the people lay in the ballot box. If you get enough people on your side to vote, then the politicians will start to pay attention to you. That is when change happens. This film is much like Ross himself. It is rather quiet in its presentation. It presents a lot of facts and history. Yet, watching it will leave many feeling inspired to get out there and do something to make the world a better place. He died in 1992 but his legacy continues. Workers are still organizing and still fighting. The film does run long at 94 minutes. There is also a one hour version available that may be more suitable for the classroom. This is an excellent film. I would encourage showing it to young people in particular to show them what can be accomplished when people work together toward a common goal. Fred Ross’ favorite quote was “A good organizer is a social arsonist who goes around setting people on fire.” What might the next generation achieve if they, too, have that fire within them? Awards won include: Best Documentary, Cinequest Film Festival

The Saya San Rebellion is understood as a classic case study of peasant rebellion rooted in the political economy of Lower Burma's Deltaic rice frontier. This article expands analysis of the rebellion into Burma's forests to include questions of political ecology, colonial forestry, and the management of village fuelwood reserves. A careful reading of colonial forestry reports from the 1890s through the 1930s tells the story of an ecological crisis that, after evading lasting solutions for four decades, finally came to a head among the cascading systemic collapses of the Great Depression, providing excellent tinder for Saya San's call for violence. While colonial authorities strove to ensure that peasants across Burma's lowland rice frontier were furnished with as much emergency fuelwood in their time of need, peasants living in Tharrawaddy—an environmental borderland between lowland and upland Burma—were left without relief. Caught in a pincer movement between the rapidly expanding commodity frontiers of lowland rice and upland teak, Tharrawaddy's peasant communities were forced to forage from shrinking strips of forest until their last remaining fuelwood stocks finally collapsed. They then began to starve and steal. And rebel. The Saya San Rebellion took place in the forests because it was about the forests, at least in part.

ABSTRACT This paper presents an empirical analysis of the relationship between leases and income, and the agricultural sector’s output, during the Pampas expansion in Argentina (1895–1947). The findings show the consequences of infrastructure growth and the modernization of economic relations in the Argentine countryside during the early decades of the twentieth century. These developments, in conjunction with a rapid expansion and utilization of available soil, had profound effects on land prices. It is postulated that these changes not only impacted positively on agricultural income but also led to an increase of rent seeking practices in the rural sector during the twentieth century. This is remarkable during the agrarian expansion of the first decade of the century, but also in the later periods. The data from 1937 reveals that, despite the agricultural sector's crisis during the Great Depression, the significance of land leases in relation to agricultural output remained remarkably resilient. In the critical context of the Second World War, this mounting pressure led to legislation freezing and regulating rural leases, resulting in a sharp decline in their share of the agricultural product by 1947.

Adolescent cancer survivors report greater levels of anxiety, depression, and poorer quality of life compared to healthy controls. Survivors' illness perceptions and cognitive coping strategies may be modifiable risk factors to mitigate poor emotional health in this population. This study examined the roles of illness perceptions and mindfulness in emotional health among survivors transitioning off active cancer therapy. Adolescent survivors (n = 48; mean age = 14.42; standard deviation [SD] = 1.89; 75% White; 94% non-Hispanic; 35% hematologic tumor; 33% central nervous system [CNS] tumor; 31% solid tumor) completed measures of illness perceptions, mindfulness, anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Multivariable models examined associations between illness perceptions and anxiety, depression, and quality of life in survivors, adjusting for relevant covariates. Exploratory indirect effects between illness perceptions and emotional health outcomes via mindfulness were also examined. Negative illness perceptions were significantly associated with greater anxiety (b = 0.35, β = 0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.08, 0.62], p = 0.01), greater depression (b = 0.53, β = 0.54, 95% CI [0.27, 0.79], p < 0.01), and lower quality of life (b = -0.72, β = -0.50, 95% CI [-1.09, -0.34], p < 0.01). Indirect effects through mindfulness completely explained the relationship between illness perceptions and anxiety (β = 0.26, 95% CI [0.05, 0.45]) and partially explained the relationship between illness perceptions and depression (β = 0.23, 95% CI [0.06, 0.40]), as well as the relationship between illness perceptions and quality of life (β = -0.15, 95% CI [-0.33, -0.02]). Illness perceptions are a promising modifiable target for adolescent survivors struggling with poor emotional health at the end of treatment. Mindfulness emerged as a possible mechanism through which illness perceptions are associated with emotional health outcomes, and highlights the potential value of incorporating mindfulness-based strategies into survivorship care.

Abstract This article explores the interplay between business elites and the Argentine state in shaping social policy from the late nineteenth century until 1943, focusing on the sugar industry in Jujuy. It asks why sugar industrialists introduced welfare measures in their mills during the 1930s and what social conditions shaped their choices. We argue that limited assistance initiatives, introduced following the Great Depression, allowed mill owners to justify tariff protection while reinforcing their dominance over workers and curbing union influence. These measures, rooted in the sugar elites’ control of provincial politics and sustained intervention in the state apparatus, exemplify early forms of private–public cooperation in welfare provision. By tracing the evolution of state–business interaction in social provision, the article demonstrates how local industries shaped welfare regimes before the rise of Peronism, offering new insights into the diversity of policy responses and social realities in Argentina and Latin America.

Long COVID is a complex chronic condition, affecting approximately 18% of adults in the United States and commonly involves fatigue, cognitive impairment, pain, and psychiatric conditions (e.g., depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder, and insomnia). Despite high psychiatric burden, many individuals do not receive mental health care, and little is known about their interest in psychological services. This study characterized symptom profiles of long COVID and examined correlates of patients' interest in rehabilitation psychology services. Secondary data analysis of routinely collected clinical data. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and logistic regression analyses examined associations of interest. Participants in the full sample (N = 1,789) were predominantly White, non-Hispanic, and female, with high rates of fatigue (84.9%), cognitive difficulties (55.3%-74.3%), and psychiatric history (51.8%). Over half (56.8%) expressed interest in rehabilitation psychology services, including individual (50.2%) and group (32.1%) formats. Two participants were excluded from regression analyses due to sparse cell size, yielding a final analytic sample of n = 1,787. Interest in individual services was associated with not having a mental health provider, greater depression and anxiety, poor sleep, and lower cognitive functioning. Interest in group services was associated with psychiatric history, greater anxiety, lower cognitive and social functioning, and better physical functioning. Anxiety symptoms and cognitive difficulties are key correlates of interest in rehabilitation psychology services, underscoring the value of early screening and targeted intervention. Stigma and prioritization of medical concerns may limit engagement, highlighting the importance of psychoeducation and stigma-reduction efforts to support engagement in care. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Abstract The Bahá’í Faith was founded in 1863 in Persia and first publicly mentioned in the United States at the 1893 World’s Parliament of Religions. Growing throughout the first decades of the twentieth century, the germinal American Bahá’í communities established different periodicals with varied foci. The first American Bahá’í periodical to fall under the full aegis of American Bahá’í administrative control was the magazine, World Order (1935-1949). Bahá’ís and non-Bahá’ís published within it and, while not the explicit focus, made many attempts to merge, reconcile, debate, and apply Bahá’í scriptural imperatives and Bahá’í-informed perspectives to the social and spiritual problems of racial prejudice, inequality, segregation, and disunity. But their vast heterogeneity, and sometimes strange, divergent, and contradictory stances on the very definition of “race” together gesture toward the need to understand how, why, and which strategies and logics functioned to mutually constrain and enable the American Bahá’í discursive articulation of the “race” concept. Toward that end, I map the landscape of such discourse with attention to how race was simultaneously understood as both a “cultural” marker and a category like “caste”. I thus explore these discursive uses as they developed against the backdrop of the Great Depression, eugenic race science and its backlash, Aryanism in World War II, and the continued debate over Jim Crow, racial equality, and the scientific and religious connotations of the category of “race” itself.

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives Birth-related stressors and reward processing are associated with postpartum internalizing symptoms. We examined main effects and interactions of reward processing and birth-related stressors on postpartum internalizing symptoms. Design Cross-sectional. Methods Women (n = 95) completed the Birth Experience Interview and questionnaires at 8-weeks postpartum. In addition, while electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected, participants completed a Social Incentive Delay task to measure neural responses to feedback indicating a correct response and receipt of a social reward (photo of own infant) vs. feedback indicating an incorrect response and neutral outcome. EEG analyses focused on reward positivity (RewP) to reward feedback, adjusting for responses to neutral feedback. Participants completed questionnaires on depressive, anxiety, and traumatic intrusion symptoms. Results Greater birth-related severity and violations of expectations during childbirth were associated with more traumatic intrusion symptoms, but not depressive or anxiety symptoms. Surprisingly, an enhanced social RewP was associated with greater depression and anxiety symptoms. Social RewP moderated associations between birth experiences and postpartum traumatic intrusions; greater violation of expectations was associated with greater traumatic intrusions for those with relatively larger social RewP. Conclusions Results support the utility of using dimensions of birth-related stressors as well as ERPs for measuring individual differences in reward processing relevant to postpartum internalizing symptoms.

This article explores possible connections between health crises, economic policy choices, and the rise of populist movements, drawing on evidence from the interwar period. It considers how differing policy responses to the Great Depression may have been associated with contrasting trajectories in both public health and political developments. In Germany, the adoption of austerity measures in the early 1930s appears to have coincided with worsening economic conditions, declining health indicators, and growing electoral support for far-right movements. By contrast, expansionary initiatives introduced under the New Deal in the U.S. were likely accompanied by strengthened social protections, improvements in health outcomes, and what some observers have interpreted as a mitigation of pressures toward political radicalisation. Taken together, these historical experiences offer insights into contemporary developments, where perceived inadequacies in responding to intertwined health and economic crises could potentially contribute to eroding institutional trust and increasing receptiveness to populist narratives.

People with serious head injuries describe psychological distress and existential disruptions, often struggling to find meaning in their lives post-injury. Understanding the differential associations of the three facets of the tripartite model of meaning - coherence, purpose, and mattering - among people with serious head injury may thus benefit and guide intervention and treatment. Using data from the Midlife in the United States national survey, we assessed differences in coherence, purpose, and mattering between people with serious head injury and case matched controls. Differences in depression were also assessed, as was whether meaning mediated the relationship between group and depression. Independent samples t-tests found that people with serious head injury reported less coherence and greater depression than controls, but no differences were found for purpose or mattering. Coherence further mediated the relationship between group and depression. These findings suggest that targeting coherence may support clinical interventions and improve patient health and well-being.

To date, no validated Arabic version of the Laune-Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS) has been reported, and this scale has not been used in any Arab countries including Tunisia. This study has as main goal to investigate the psychometric reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the extended version of the LSHS (LSHS-E) scores in a Tunisian sample. Cross-sectional data were collected from April 2025 to June 2025. Our target population consisted of 416 young adults aged 18-35 years. The forward-backward translation methodology was followed to obtain the Arabic version of the LSHS-E. The Arabic LSHS-E was tested against the Prodromal Questionnaire-brief for convergent validity and for other relevant measures for concurrent validity of the scores. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to estimate construct validity indicators. Findings showed that up to 93.3% of our sample endorsed at least one of the hallucination experiences. Fit indices showed that the four-factor solution determined by previous factorial studies fitted the data well. Besides, the psychometric equivalence of the LSHS-E between sex groups has been tested and verified at the metric, scalar, and configural levels. No differences in the intensity of hallucinatory experiences between males and females were found. As expected, results revealed that individuals with greater levels of hallucinatory experiences were more likely to admit having endorsed positive psychotic experiences. Finally, higher LSHS-E scores were associated with greater depression, anxiety, lower sleep quality, and more suicidal ideation. Our findings provide the first evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the Arabic version of the LSHS-E scores for assessing hallucinatory experiences in the Tunisian community population. The scale can benefit clinicians by helping them to timely and successfully detect people at risk for or experiencing hallucinations. Researchers and policymakers developing prevention programs could make use of the scale when designing and implementing hallucination prevention strategies to ensure their effectiveness and cultural appropriateness.

Objective Traditionally, families and households have served as stable sources of support and the primary settings of daily life; however, their roles have changed significantly in recent years. This study defined "intra-household isolation" as a state in which individuals live with family members or housemates yet experience markedly limited interactions within the household. We examined the association between intra-household isolation and psychological health among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.Methods Data were collected through a mail-in questionnaire as part of the baseline survey of the Wako Cohort Study conducted in 2023, targeting the residents of Wako City, Saitama Prefecture. The mail-in questionnaire comprised two separate surveys for individuals aged 40-64 years and those aged ≥65 years, yielding 2,395 and 6,429 valid responses, respectively, for a total of 8,824 responses. Intra-household isolation was defined as cohabitation with others but spending ＜15 minutes daily conversing with them and being alone at home for most of the time on weekdays, weekends, and holidays. Psychological health outcomes included self-rated health, depression, well-being, and loneliness. We conducted modified Poisson regression and multiple regression analyses, adjusting for demographic factors, socioeconomic status, health behaviors, health status, and social networks outside the household.Results Among the respondents, 44.7% were male, and the average age was 70.0 years (standard deviation: 12.7). The prevalence of intra-household isolation was 4.7% for all participants (3.2% in those aged 40-64 years and 5.3% in those aged ≥65 years) and 5.8% for cohabiting participants (3.7% in those aged 40-64 years and 6.7% in those aged ≥65 years). The proportion of intra-household isolation was higher in the older age group, and across nearly all age groups, men were more likely to experience intra-household isolation than women. Multivariate analyses revealed that, even after adjusting for social networks outside the household and other covariates, individuals experiencing intra-household isolation had poorer self-rated health, greater depression, lower well-being, and stronger feelings of loneliness than those who lived alone or were not isolated within the household. After examining the interaction terms, we found that the association between intra-household isolation and depression was strong among individuals aged ≥65 years. In contrast, this association was weak among those with strong neighborhood ties and those who frequently interacted with non-cohabiting individuals.Conclusion The findings suggest that even when cohabiting with others, limited interactions within a household may increase the risk of psychological health deterioration. It is essential to carefully assess not only social interactions outside the household, but also isolation within it.

ABSTRACT This paper examines the divergence in unemployment rates between Black and White men in the United States that emerged after 1930. We argue that labor force participation can serve as a proxy for studying unemployment trends among men aged 25 to 54, helping to address limitations in historical data. Using U.S. Census data, we revisit conventional explanations, such as the Great Migration and the Great Depression, and show that these events do not appear to, by themselves, fully account for the growing racial gap in inactivity and unemployment rates. Instead, we present empirical evidence suggesting that welfare incentives, particularly those associated with the New Deal relief programs, may offer an additional perspective on the observed patterns. By encouraging welfare migration, relief programs may have contributed to the long‐term racial divergence in unemployment rates.