Grease Gun Research Articles

A sporadic case of orbital grease gun granuloma

A sporadic case of orbital grease gun granuloma

Silicone Modeling of the Interior Spaces of Hollow Organs: Use in Dog and Manatee Respiratory Tract and in a Beef Heart

Problem statement: The mechanism, by which the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) vocalizes, remains unknown because the manatee larynx does not contain true vocal cords. Since sound can be generated when air passes through a narrow respiratory structure we needed to visualize the internal anatomy of manatee respiratory tract to locate any candidate regions for study. Approach: To visualize the internal anatomy of upper and lower manatee respiratory tract we have developed a rapid but accurate method of modeling these structures using liquid silicone. We first tested this technique on the respiratory structure of a cadaver dog and then applied it to two small manatees which had died through natural causes. Incisions were made in the trachea of both dog and manatees and commercially available liquid silicone was then forced into the upper and lower respiratory tracts used a slightly modified common automobile grease gun. The animals were then refrigerated overnight and the silicone was allowed to cure for a period of 24 h. Results: In dog, we removed cured silicone model by applying mild force to it after surgically opening the nasal cavity. In the manatees some dissection was necessary for release of mold from the upper nasal cavity, but only mild force was necessary with no dissection to release silicone model from the lower tract. Because the models created exhibited great accuracy and fine structure, including presence of tertiary bronchi in the manatee respiratory tract, we realized that the technique was applicable for use in other hollow organs. We applied this method to the visualization of internal structure of a fresh beef heart and were pleased with the accuracy and detail of model produced. Conclusion: We suggest that this technique can be adopted for three-dimensional visualization of the internal structure and volume estimation of many hollow organs in a wide variety of organisms with both minimal effort and cost.

Traumatic Optic Neuropathy Accompanying Orbital Grease Gun Injury

We report a case of traumatic optic neuropathy accompanying a grease gun injury to the orbit. A 48-year-old man with a grease gun injury visited our clinic with decreased visual acuity, proptosis and limited extraocular movement (EOM). Orbital CT revealed a crescent mass of fat in the medial intraconal space. The grease was exuded from a lacerated conjunctival wound. The visual evoked potential (VEP) test demonstrated a decreased response in the left eye. Proptosis and EOM were improved after surgical removal of the grease. Systemic high-dose corticosteroid therapy was administered for suspected traumatic optic neuropathy, after which VEP nearly recovered, while visual acuity was slightly improved. A second surgery for traumatic cataract did not further improve visual acuity.

RIP ISS Tool Bag

![Figure][1] CREDIT: NASA The world-famous $100,000 tool bag that astronaut Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper lost in space last November finally met a fiery demise on 3 August. The backpack-sized bag—containing scrapers, two grease guns, some wipes, and a debris container—left Stefanyshyn-

High-pressure water injection injury

Patients that present with high-pressure injection injuries most often have hand or digital involvement. Overall, high-pressure injection injuries to the hand are uncommon and tend to be occupation related. The usual cause is industrial equipment, with machinery such as grease guns, spray guns and diesel engine injectors accounting for most of these injuries. Materials injected include the following reported substances: paint, paint thinner, grease, oil, hydraulic fluid, plastic, wax, water and semifluid cement. The extent of damage from high-pressure injection injuries depends on a number of physical, chemical and biological factors, including the type, amount and velocity of injected material and the anatomical location of the injury. For any injury that results in a significant depth of penetration, the most important determinant of the extent of injury is the chemical composition of the injected material. This determines the likely tissue inflammatory response and the resulting fibrosis that develops during healing. Paint and paint thinner produce a large, early inflammatory response and result in a high percentage of amputations. In contrast, grease injuries cause a small inflammatory response and have a lower amputation rate but are associated with oleogranuloma formation, fistulas, scarring and loss of digit function. The amount of material injected into the confined space of the digits or palm determines the degree of mechanical distention and the potential for vascular compromise. The velocity of the injected material and the site of tissue penetration determine anatomical dispersion, which for upper extremity injuries may include the digit, hand and forearm [1]. The patient who seeks treatment early after injury may have minimal symptoms with either an innocuous entrance wound or no visible break in the skin. Fusiform swelling resulting from mechanical distention of the tissue by the injectant will usually be apparent. Several hours later, the involved digit or palm may become extremely painful, swollen and pale because of vascular compromise and tissue necrosis [1]. The incidence of high-pressure water injection injury to the mouth or oral cavity appears to be quite rare. A literature search of MEDLINE yielded no reports of high-pressure injuries to this region. The only literature detailing an oral water injury was described by Duplechain et al. in 1993 [2]. They reported on a 5-year-old girl who suffered an injury from a much lower pressure bathtub water spout. Here we describe a recent oral injury from a high power pressure washer.

High-pressure injection injury of the hand: an often underestimated trauma: case report with study of the literature

The real extent of damage in high-pressure injection injuries (grease gun injuries, paint gun injuries, pressure gun in juries) is hidden behind a small and frequently painless punctiform skin lesion on the finger or the hand. These kinds of injuries require prompt surgical intervention with surgical debridement of all ischemic tissue. Possibility of a general intoxication by the fluid must always be ruled out. Postoperative intensive physiotherapy is essential for the final hand function. The initial benign aspect is frequently causing a delay for an adequate treatment while in the mean time the possibility for subcutaneous damage continuously increases. Because of this delay the chance of permanent reduced functionality in the hand or finger amputation raises. Not only the latency time to adequate treatment but also the injected fluid's nature, the pressure, the volume and the location of injection, has influence on the seriousness and extensiveness of subcutaneous damage. All these factors influence the functional outcome of the patient.

High-pressure Injection Injuries to the Upper Extremity: A Review of the Literature

The purpose of this review was to identify the relative impact of injected material, location of injury, time to debridement, injection pressure, infection, and the use of adjuvant steroid medication upon the need for amputation after high-pressure injection injuries to the upper extremity. A Medline literature search extending from 1966 to December 2003 was performed, referencing the key words "high-pressure injection injury," "grease gun injury," "paint gun injury," "pressure gun injury," and "high-pressure injection." The results were limited to the English language and to reports involving human subjects. Each abstract was reviewed to confirm that the described injury had occurred in the upper extremity and that it had truly been a high-pressure injection. The reference pages from each of the papers were reviewed to identify additional reports of high-pressure injection injury. Manuscripts describing injuries resulting from hand held syringes or other low-pressure mechanisms were excluded. All of the manuscripts were analyzed to identify the clinical outcome, age, hand dominance, site of injection, substance injected, injection pressure, elapsed time to wide debridement, use of steroids, and incidence of infection. These variables were subjected to a Pearson chi test to determine their impact upon the need for amputation. Four hundred thirty-five cases of high-pressure injection injury to the upper extremity were identified. The amputation rate after these injuries was 30%. The location of the injury and the material injected contributed significantly to the need for amputation. For injections of paint, paint thinner, gasoline, oil, or jet fuel (organic solvents), the amputation risk was lower if wide surgical debridement occurred within 6 hours of injury. Steroids did not impact the amputation rate or incidence of infection. The presence of infection did not affect the incidence of amputation. The risk of amputation after high-pressure injection injury to the upper extremity is highest with organic solvent injection into the fingers. Injections into the thumb or palm result in a much lower frequency of tissue loss. Emergent surgical debridement reduces the amputation risk after injections of organic solvents. From the available data, no conclusions could be reached regarding functional outcomes, other than amputation, after high-pressure injection injury.

Penetrating grease gun injury in the face

We present the case of a sailor who sustained a penetrating grease gun injury to his face, and the challenging subsequent series of events.

Pneumonitis following grease gun injury

Grease gun trauma often involves subcutaneous injection of the grease because of the high pressures required for its industrial application. The case is presented of a man who developed a pneumonitis shortly after sustaining a grease gun injury, with injection of grease into his upper thigh associated with significant vascular damage. Pneumonitis has not previously been reported with this type of injury, and is likely to represent a systemic reaction to the local inflammatory response. Management of these injuries should incorporate early debridement with anticipation of underlying vascular trauma, and also an awareness of the potential systemic complications.

Sclerosing Lipogranulomatosis

For nearly a century, physicians and laypersons have attempted to repair, reconstruct, and embellish the human body in numerous ways by injecting various oils beneath the skin. Soon after Gersuny's first reported subcutaneous injection of oil, the local and systemic complications became apparent. Despite this, the practice of oil injections continues. "Medical grade" silicone injection was investigated in the 1960s to 1980s with varied success and complications. While few physicians practice oil injection therapy, some laypersons continue to subject themselves or their clients to the risk of the disfiguring complications of sclerosing lipogranulomata. Accidental high-pressure injection injury of liquids, so-called grease gun injuries, continues to provide a therapeutic challenge for the hand surgeon. Our case of a man who injected automobile transmission fluid into his scrotum illustrates the classical course and proper management of sclerosing lipogranulomata. A subcutaneous inflammatory and fibrosing reaction occurred with regional lymphadenopathy. The need for complete excision of all involved tissue to treat the condition successfully is illustrated. This case also illustrates the tendency of patients to conceal from their doctors the history of self-injection of foreign bodies. In cases of self-injection, psychological counseling might certainly be appropriate.

Emergency repair and reconstruction in the severely crushed hand

Crushing injuries of the hand are a common clinical problem which require judgement and assessment by an experienced hand surgeon for an optimum result. The crushed hand has to be viewed in the perspective of injury to an essential organ with its skin and contents, namely muscles, vessels, nerves, tendons, bone and joints. A poor result is often due to inadequate wound debridement, failure to identify the extent of crushing of the devitalized tissue, closure of the skin under tension in the presence of wound contamination, and complex repairs in an avascular bed. In an emergency situation, the simplest suitable procedure is preferred. Open degloving injuries, grease and paint gun injuries, and especially closed crushing, degloving injuries can be very misleading and need special attention.

High pressure injection injuries: a serious occupational hazard.

High pressure injection equipment such as airless paint sprayers, high pressure grease guns, and fuel injection apparatus constitute a serious safety hazard resulting in significant morbidity. These devices are capable of delivering contaminants such as paint, solvents, and grease at pressures ranging from 600-12,000 psi. This allows the substance to penetrate through a minute skin wound and to spread widely through fascial planes and tendon sheaths and to produce significant vascular compression and systemic toxicity. High pressure injection injuries frequently result in amputation. Fifty-five suspected high pressure injection injury cases were evaluated. Twenty were determined to be actual injection injuries from equipment producing pressures in the range of 1,500-12,000 psi. The injected contaminants included latex paint, mineral spirits, and concrete sealer. Fourteen injuries involved digits. Digital amputation was necessary in three patients. Hospital admissions averaged 6.5 days. Successful management of these cases involves awareness of the impending problem and rapid referral of the patient to an emergency department and to a competent orthopedic or plastic surgeon.

HIGH‐TECHNOLOGY TROUBLE SHOOTERS

TECALEMIT, long associated quality grease guns and plant lubricant systems, moves with the times, progressing from first‐principle service accessories into the wider field of equipment for condition‐based maintenance programming. To this end the Group's new subsidiary, Tecalemit Electronics, announces newcomer products designed for detection, as a routine matter, of impending mechanical faults. The user will be in the rare position of being wise before the event instead of afterwards, which in very many cases will be well worth the capital outlay.

Grease gun injuries : Crabb D. J. M. (1981) Plain radiographs in grease gun injuries. Hand, 13, 39

Grease gun injuries : Crabb D. J. M. (1981) Plain radiographs in grease gun injuries. Hand, 13, 39

Goodbye to the grease gun

SINCE ancient man first slapped fat on an axle, thereby reducing friction, not a lot has changed. The wastage rate of the fat lubrication has been reduced; lubricants themselves have improved substantially over animal fats, but the basic possibly oversimplified, method outlined above remains the same.

“I don't WANT to see her grease gun fittings”—Do post‐nuclear accents occur in English?

Encoder subjects hears, for each item, a disambiguating context such as either “Mac has some cover stories,” or “Max is covering some stories,” followed by the cue “Let's go and see them/him.” Subjects' task was to respond emphatically and negatively in the form “I don't WANT to go and see Mac's/Max cover stories.” These responses were recorded on tape and played to decoder subjects, whose task was to repeat the target phrases in citation form—i.e., with disambiguating accentuation. According to received prosodemic theory, decoders should reliably recover the structures given to encoders, whose responses would, ex hypothesi, carry the same “stress” distinctions, merely realized at weaker “levels.” In fact, however, the patterns given to encoders and those elicited from decoders failed to show significant (above chance) agreement. This finding is interpreted as support for the theory of “binary” suprasegmental features [R. Vanderslice and P. Ladefoged, Language 48, 819–838 (1972)], which claims that the feature ACCENT does not occur postnuclearly (i.e., the intonation contour, in this case CADENCE, begins with the last accented syllable of the sense group), and thus predicts exactly the loss of prosodemic contrast observed in these cases. The tune in question, with leftward “shift” of the sentential accent to the emphatic word WANT, must not be confounded with one also having EMPHASIS (and thus typically highest pitch) on WANT, yet with unshifted sentence accent on either cover or stories. The latter, disambiguating, tune is superficially similar but systematically distinct. It should also be noted that the “binary” prosodic features can, mutatis mutandis, be viewed as singularly elements (morphons) in a Cognitive‐Stratificational account of English suprasegmentals.

Paint and Grease Gun Injuries of the Hand. R. J

Paint and Grease Gun Injuries of the Hand. R. J

Paint and grease gun injuries of the hand

PENETRATING high-velocity injection wounds of the hand caused by grease and paint are common. They are surgical emergencies and require immediate decompression. To treat these wounds by expectant observation can cause catastrophic results with eventual amputation of digits. A review of the literature shows 73 pressure gun injuries of the hand. 1-3 There were 30 grease gun injuries of which 12 resulted in amputation. There were 23 paint gun injuries of which ten required amputation. The nozzles of paint and grease guns emit a fine jet stream from 600 to 7,000 pounds per square inch. 4 This is like the muzzle velocity of a rifle. Paint or grease fired at these velocities through small nozzles drives the jet stream through the skin and then it spreads along fascial planes, tendon sheaths, and even neurovascular bundles. After entering the finger, the paint or grease may be found in the palm, wrist,

Paint and Grease Gun Injuries of the Hand

PENETRATING high-velocity injection wounds of the hand caused by grease and paint are common. They are surgical emergencies and require immediate decompression. To treat these wounds by expectant observation can cause catastrophic results with eventual amputation of digits. A review of the literature shows 73 pressure gun injuries of the hand. 1-3 There were 30 grease gun injuries of which 12 resulted in amputation. There were 23 paint gun injuries of which ten required amputation. The nozzles of paint and grease guns emit a fine jet stream from 600 to 7,000 pounds per square inch. 4 This is like the muzzle velocity of a rifle. Paint or grease fired at these velocities through small nozzles drives the jet stream through the skin and then it spreads along fascial planes, tendon sheaths, and even neurovascular bundles. After entering the finger, the paint or grease may be found in the palm, wrist,

Paint and grease gun injuries of the hand

Paint and grease gun injuries of the hand