Graphical Trends Research Articles

Aspects of charged decoupled solutions in ℛ+ϖℛ2 gravity

This study deals with the physical aspects of the gravitationally decoupled solutions under [Formula: see text] gravity scenario. In doing so, charged anisotropic matter composition is assumed as the parent (seed) source for the static spherically symmetric configuration. Commencing with the Kuchowicz ansatz for the charged static parent matter formation, we establish the Karmarkar condition to thoroughly address the deformed functions and the gravitational aspects of the compact spheres. Besides these, null-complexity and isotropized conditions will enforce to grasp the system’s stability by the inclusion of charge and [Formula: see text] factors through graphical trends.

Transpiration effect on magneto-flow of ternary hybrid nanofluid above an exponentially elongating sheet

Nanotechnological research advancements have introduced ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNFs), new technological fluids with augmented thermal properties that give better results than regular nanofluids. This work addresses THNF flow and thermal transmission features induced by an exponentially extending surface with an uneven heat source and viscid dissipation effects. The prime aim of this research is to examine the augmented energy transfer mechanism of Cu + Ag + F e 3 O 4 THNF with suction and injection situations. The transformed ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and edge limitations are exercised by employing bvp5c MATLAB package. The computational outcomes of the flow and energy fields were illustrated thru graphical and numerical trends. The energy transfer ability is developed in the suction case as equated with the injection case. The uneven heat rise factor tends to augment the rate of heat transfer and thermal fields of the THNF.

Rainfall analysis and deriving design storm for hydrological modelling of Koyna dam catchment area in Maharashtra state of India

Rainfall is a key hydro meteorological variable. Climate change is disrupting the hydrological cycle and altering the usual cycle of rainfall, which frequently results in long-lasting storms with significant rainfall. A first step in hydrologic design of project is to determine the design storm or rainfall events to be used. For deriving design storm, researchers concluded that instead of using generalized readily available curves or maps, it is better to estimate design storm based on site specific historical rainfall data. The objective of the study is to analyze the rainfall data in the koyna watershed area in order to evaluate the design storm, which will be further used as an input data for HEC-HMS event based hydrological modelling of flood peak attenuation of design storm flow at koyna dam during extreme rainfall event.In this study, 40 years (1982–2021) of rainfall data from 8 rain gauge stations in Koyna Dam Catchment area is used initially for performing trend analysis through statistical and graphical techniques and then for Isopluvial analysis. The Sen's slope test and the Mann-Kendall test are the statistical techniques employed, and Innovative Trend Analysis is the graphical technique used. IDF approach is used for deriving design storm, and using Gumbel's frequency distribution method Isohyetal maps, IDF tables and curves are prepared for 2,10,25,50,75 and 100 year return periods and 6,12,24,48 and 96 h durations. Results obtained from statistical and graphical trend analysis of annual rainfall series are consistent. No statistically significant trend in annual rainfall series is observed, however there is rising and falling trend was observed in annual as well as monthly rainfall series.From the results of design storm study, the design storm hyetograph of 10 years return period and 96 h duration is selected, which gives the rainfall intensity of 10.88 mm/h for the koyna catchment. There are various dams nearby koyna catchment, The Isohyet maps, IDF curves and table output available from this study can be more reliably used during planning and design of hydraulic structure for other areas near by koyna catchment.

Evaluation of long-term meteorological drought in the Aras and Coruh Basins with Crossing Empirical Trend Analysis

Drought is one of the most devastating disasters. Although the devastating effects of drought appear after many years, it is possible to evaluate drought based on meteorological parameters to control these negativities. In recent years, graphical trend analysis methods have been used to evaluate drought using meteorological parameters. The Crossing Empirical Trend Analysis method is the most recent trend analysis method and one of these graphical methods. Using monthly total precipitation data measured between 1969 and 2020 at 12 different meteorological observation stations within the borders of the Aras and Coruh basins, located northeast of Turkey, the basin's meteorological drought analysis was analyzed through the standardized precipitation index. In the study, the trend of meteorological drought in the basin was determined using the CETA method. As a result of the study, it was determined that there was an increasing trend in the majority of drought values in the Slope Upper and CETA Pivot analysis and a decreasing trend in the Slope Lower values. According to the Sen Slope analysis, there was no significant change in trends (34% increased, 35% decreased, and 31% no trend). Ardahan station is the most sensitive station regarding meteorological drought among the stations examined. It was concluded that the months with the highest increase trend in the Aras and Coruh basins are May, June and November.

Feasibility of Leveraging Consumer Wearable Devices with Data Platform Integration for Patient Vital Monitoring in Low-Resource Settings.

Manual monitoring of vital signs, which often fails to capture the onset of deterioration, is the main monitoring modality in most Ghanaian hospitals due to the high cost and inadequate supply of patient bedside monitors. Consumer wearable devices (CWDs) are emerging, relatively low-cost technologies for continuous monitoring of physiological status; however, their validity has not been established in low-resource clinical settings. We aimed to (1) investigate the validity of the heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) data from two widely used CWDs, the Fitbit Versa 2 and Xiaomi Mi Smart Band 6, against gold standard bedside monitors in one Ghanaian hospital and (2) develop a web application to capture and display CWD data in a clinician-friendly way. A healthy volunteer simultaneously wore both CWDs and blood pressure cuffs to measure HR and SpO2. To test for concordance, we conducted the Bland-Altman and mean absolute percentage error analyses. We also developed a web application that retrieves and displays CWD data in near real time as text and graphical trends. Compared to gold standards (patient monitor and manual), the Fitbit Versa 2 had 96.87% and 96.67% measurement accuracies for HR, and the Xiaomi Mi Smart Band 6 had 94.24% and 93.21% measurement accuracies for HR. The Xiaomi Mi Smart Band 6 had 98.79% measurement accuracy for SpO2. The strong concordance between CWD and gold standards supports the potential implementation of these devices as a novel method of vital sign monitoring to replace manual monitoring, thus saving costs and improving patient outcomes. Further studies are needed for confirmation.

Integrated statistical and graphical non-parametric trend analysis of annual and seasonal rainfall in the Shire River Basin, Malawi

This study integrates purely statistical methods of Mann–Kendall (MK) and Spearman rho (SMR) with statistical-graphical methods of Onyutha trend (OT) test and innovative trend analysis (ITA) to examine annual and seasonal rainfall variations at 12 stations across the Shire River Basin (SRB) during 1976–2005. The results reveal a general decreasing trend for annual rainfall throughout the basin. At seasonal scale, the following trends were observed: an increase for the December-January–February (DJF) season, especially in the southern portion of the basin; a decrease for the March–April-May (MAM) and June-July–August (JJA) seasons; and inconclusive results for the September–October-November (SON) season. Despite nearly all time series indicating consistent trend direction as established by the four tests, the ITA identified the most significant rainfall patterns on both annual and seasonal basis. The performance abilities for the MK, SMR, and OT tests demonstrated the closest agreement at the verified significant level. In addition to the monotonic trend results obtained statistically, sub-trends are visually distinguished using the graphical features of the OT and ITA approaches. For the former, changes are seen as step jumps in the mean of the data, and for the latter, trends regarding high and low rainfall clusters are evaluated, hence offering more details regarding rainfall variability, such as the SRB’s sensitivity to both floods and droughts. Thus, the completely different aspects offered by the visually oriented methods complement the purely monotonic trend detection methods.

Heat transfer mechanism of Falkner-Skan flow of Carreau nanoliquid induced by a wedge surface with radiation effect

Numerical investigation is performed to scrutinize the enhanced thermal transmission of Carreau nanoliquid above wedge geometry in the incidence of irregular heat rise/fall and radiation effects. In this research aluminum alloy AA7072 nanoparticles are suspended into the methanol liquid to achieve the better results. The arising system of nonlinear coupled equations is exercised numerically by employing suitable numerical scheme, i.e. bvp5c Matlab solver. The prime motive of this research is to determine the effectual thermal conductivity of the nanoliquid by using Maxwell/Xue models in order to achieve the enhanced energy transmission. The stimulus of pertinent constraints upon the flow factors viz. velocity and thermal gradients are illustrated through plots and also the wall friction and energy transmission rate are bestowed thru graphical trends and numerical values. Evidently, the deposition of Aluminum alloy nanoparticles in methanol liquid effectively amplified the thermal transfer mechanism in Xue nanomodel case than Maxwell nanomodel case.

Global Frequency Analyses of Canine Progressive Rod-Cone Degeneration-Progressive Retinal Atrophy and Collie Eye Anomaly Using Commercial Genetic Testing Data.

Hundreds of genetic variants associated with canine traits and disorders have been identified, with commercial tests offered. However, the geographic distributions and changes in allele and genotype frequencies over prolonged, continuous periods of time are lacking. This study utilized a large set of genotypes from dogs tested for the progressive rod-cone degeneration-progressive retinal atrophy (prcd-PRA) G>A missense PRCD variant (n = 86,667) and the collie eye anomaly (CEA)-associated NHEJ1 deletion (n = 33,834) provided by the commercial genetic testing company (Optigen/Wisdom Panel, Mars Petcare Science & Diagnostics). These data were analyzed using the chi-square goodness-of-fit test, time-trend graphical analysis, and regression modeling in order to evaluate how test results changed over time. The results span fifteen years, representing 82 countries and 67 breeds/breed mixes. Both diseases exhibited significant differences in genotype frequencies (p = 2.7 × 10-152 for prcd-PRA and 0.023 for CEA) with opposing graphical trends. Regression modeling showed time progression to significantly affect the odds of a dog being homozygous or heterozygous for either disease, as do variables including breed and breed popularity. This study shows that genetic testing informed breeding decisions to produce fewer affected dogs. However, the presence of dogs homozygous for the disease variant, especially for prcd-PRA, was still observed fourteen years after test availability, potentially due to crosses of unknown carriers. This suggests that genetic testing of dog populations should continue.

On topological indices of some chemical graphs

This research delves into the application of topological indices in predicting the physico-chemical properties of chemical materials. These indices have been employed in various QSAR and QSPR studies, providing a mathematical formulation to predict properties such as viscosity and radius of gyrations Rucker and Rucker [J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 39, 788–802, (1999)]. We explore several indices, including the forgotten topological index, inverse sum index, general sum connectivity index and first multiplicative atom bond connectivity index, and investigate their usefulness in predicting bio-activity and anti-inflammatory activities of certain chemical compounds. Specifically, we focus on the allotrope structure, nanotubes and dominating oxide and silicate chemical networks. We present a graphical trend of these indices and perform a comparison to facilitate the observation of physical-chemical properties of these materials for researchers.

Numerical simulation for thermal radiative flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid due to Riga plate in the presence of joule heating

In this paper, numerical simulation for the two-dimensional flow of tangent hyperbolic fluid in the manifestation of nanoparticles, heat source and joule heating is considered. For motivation of problem, the role of Riga plate is investigated. Chemical reaction and Brownian motion are the parts of the analysis. The set of PDEs of Tangent hyperbolic nanofluids with swimming germs is converted in to couple of ODEs by employing well-known approach namely shooting scheme. The resulting highly nonlinear and coupled ODEs are solved by using ND solve tool of Wolfram Mathematica 11. Numerical outcome of involving parameters of interest like Lewis number Le, Prandtl number Pr, Chemical diffusion k, Peclet number Pe, Weissenberg number We, Bioconvection Lewis number Lb, nonlinear radiation, Biot number Bi, modified Hartmann number Q and magnetic parameter M on tangent hyperbolic nanofluids velocity f″, temperature θ, concentration φ and density of germs distribution are discussed in the form of graphical trend and tables. We professed that the speed of fluid degenerated for the increasing value of power-law index n and magnetic parameter M. The Nusselt number growths for growing values of the thermophoresis parameter Nt, Biot number Bi and radiation parameter Nr.

A comparison between certain graph parameters of biswapped networks and their maximal twin-preserving subgraphs with applications in determining complexity

The study of different objects, such as the properties of algebraic structures, the analysis of chemical graph structures without experiment, and understanding networks through topological indices (TIs), is among the modern directions in graph theory. The analysis of different networks, such as the Benes network, butterfly network, hex-derived network and biswapped network, using TIs is one of the modern research fields. The storage and transfer of data carrying certain information has always remained a modern world problem. The optoelectronic technology used in optical transpose interconnection systems (OTIS) is efficient in outcome over an electrical system due to the minimum power consumption and broad bandwidth. By combining the use of wireless and electrical technologies, OTIS has developed into a valuable network and boosted the efficiency of contemporary optoelectronic computers. A special type of OTIS is the biswapped network over the path graph Pn , denoted by . In this article, a maximal twin-preserving subgraph of a biswapped network over the path graph Pn is constructed. Moreover, the biswapped network and its constructed subgraph are compared through ev-degree- and ve-degree-dependent TIs. In addition to this, to analyse the complexity of and through information functional-based entropies, we define ve-degree- and ev-degree-based information functionals and compute formulae for ve-degree- and ev-degree-based entropies. The analytical formulae, tables and graphical trends are used to describe a comparison between the TIs and entropies of and . It is shown that the values of TIs and entropies only differ by a constant depending on the value of n.

Structural characterization of nanomaterials C4C8

Topological indices are the numerical parameters of molecular graphs that characterise their behaviour and are mathematical invariant that preserves chemical and material properties. In a QSAR/QSPR study, physico-chemical properties and topological indices are studied. In this research, we shall calculate forgotten topological, inverse sum, the general sum connectivity and the first multiplicative atom–bond connectivity indices of carbon nanotube and nanotorus. The main motivation here is the molecular graphs of the nano-chemical compound nanotubes and nanotorus. While the central and latest point of convergence of our discussion is to provide a ‘ graphical trend and relative comparison’ of these derived topological descriptors of these materials that will make them more useful and comparative for chemists, nano and material scientists and would open a new graphical horizon towards material sciences and chemical engineering.

Factors affecting the leaching of micro and nanoplastics in the water distribution system

The role of the water distribution system (WDS) requires that it supply water of sufficient quality to households. Unregulated leaching of micro and nanoplastics from plastic pipes of the distribution system is therefore a cause for concern, particularly with the rise in research associating these plastic particles to adverse health impacts in living organisms. Within this study, four parameters (pH, free chlorine concentration, pipe material, and time) were varied in a pipe loop network to observe their effect on microplastic (MP) and nanoplastic (NP) leaching into the simulated distribution network. Results indicated an abundance of MPs/NPs in different shapes and sizes throughout the samples. Graphical trends illustrated that basic pH values contributed to a higher number of particles. Statistical analysis via analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed this observation and further showed interaction of chlorine dose and pH concentration (p-value = 0.000), and chlorine dose and pipe material (p-value = 0.038) was also significant to leaching. Numerically, polyethylene (PE) particles were the most abundant with a total of 15194 particles, followed by 12920 polypropylene random copolymer (PPR) particles and 12317 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles. It was also noticed that the number of particles decreased with time.© 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Trend Analysis on Inbound and Domestic Tourism Expenditure of the Philippines

This study presents a comprehensive trend analysis of inbound and domestic tourism expenditure in the Philippines, utilizing secondary data sourced from the Department of Tourism spanning the years 2000 to 2022. Employing statistical tools such as mean and standard deviation calculations, alongside linear regression analysis, the research unveils intricate patterns within the dataset. The analysis underscores the economic significance of local travel as domestic tourism expenditure consistently surpasses inbound spending. The upward trend in domestic spending, particularly evident from around 2010, signifies a growing inclination among Filipinos to explore their own nation. In contrast, inbound expenditure displays fluctuations but exhibits a substantial growth spurt from 2010 to 2019, indicating a burgeoning international allure. The regression analysis substantiates the consistent upward trajectory in tourism spending over the years, underlining the need for targeted strategies to foster sustainable growth in both domestic and international tourism. This synthesis of graphical trends and statistical insights offers a comprehensive understanding of the evolving tourism landscape, empowering informed decision-making and strategic planning for the Philippines' tourism sector

COMPARISON OF INNOVATIVE TREND ANALYSIS METHODS FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN THE KARASU SUB-BASIN

Türkiye, which has a complex climate structure, is shown among the countries that will be most affected by climate change with the effect of global warming. These effects will differ in different regions due to their topographic structure, location, and orographic characteristics. Trend analyzes are used to determine the direction and magnitude of this variability. In this study, trend analysis was carried out by using hydrometeorological data obtained from streamflow and meteorology stations located in the Karasu Sub-Basin located in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin. Three innovative trend methods, namely the Şen-Innovative Trend Analysis, Onyutha Trend Test, Combination of Wilcoxon Test and Scatter Diagram trend tests, were used together with the classical Mann-Kendall method in the monthly scale analysis of hydrometeorological data of the 1979-2020 period. Both graphical and statistical trend analysis can be done with innovative methods. The results obtained in the study, in which trend analyses were evaluated at the α=0.05 significance level, reveal significant and insignificant decreasing trends in the parameters of mean streamflow, maximum precipitation, total precipitation, mean and minimum relative humidity. Significant and insignificant increasing trends were determined in the maximum, minimum, and mean temperature, maximum relative humidity, and mean wind speed data. The trends obtained in the methods used in general are consistent with each other. The findings of this study could lead to a better knowledge of the region's hydrology and contribute sustainable water management. The trend analysis methods used in the study are thought to be quite helpful in the analysis of hydro-meteorological time series.

Embodiment of Modern Graphic Images in the Artistic Experiments of Oleg Denysenko (ecoline)

The creative work of the famous Ukrainian artist Oleh Denysenko has been repeatedly recognized abroad and in Ukraine by both representatives of artistic circles and collectors. For the entire period of his artistic practice, no thorough research of his work and experimental searches in graphics has been made, nor has the artist's creative style and graphic language been described. The artist's work was mentioned in some articles, superficially revealed in studies of the creative work of representatives of the Lviv graphic school working in certain graphic techniques and trends. The figure of O. Denysenko has long occupied a significant place among the representatives of Ukrainian printmaking and graphics. This is the case when the artist and his work are more recognized abroad than in Ukraine. Denysenko is a representative of artistic techniques that have existed for more than five centuries, who is not afraid to improve, experiment, and make new searches for graphic embodiment of images and philosophical considerations. The article explores artistic practices and experiments in graphics on the example of the series of graphic works «ecoline». Attention is drawn to the process of searching for new images, methods and visual techniques, as well as to the means of revealing artistic expression. An overview of the stylization, expressiveness of the graphic language and individual manner is given. The possibility of further studying the transformation of graphic images in other techniques and plot compositions is considered. The basis of experimental searches, the emergence of figurative and symbolic interpretations, and the author's innovations are revealed.

Trend analysis of precipitation using innovative approaches in northwestern Turkey

Precipitation is highly sensitive to climate change, and monitoring its trends over time is essential for understanding the effects of global warming on the Earth's water cycle. This study investigates the effects of climate change on monthly precipitation in the Susurluk Basin located in northwestern Turkey, using innovative trend analysis methods. Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA) using star graphics and Improved Visualization for Innovative Trend Analysis (IV-ITA) techniques were used to analyze precipitation data from nine stations in the basin over 50 years (1970–2019), and the findings were compared to classical Mann-Kendall (MK) results. According to the trend analysis results, the MK method detected significant trends in only two months in the decreasing direction. In these decreasing trends observed at Simav and Keles stations in November, z values were calculated as −2.38 and −2.05, respectively. IPTA method detected increasing trends in 54 months and decreasing trends in 40 months; this means there is a change of more than 5% between two half series. The IV-ITA method indicated an increase of more than 40% in the low values for January, March, August, and September. In addition, there was an increasing trend of more than 40% in the high values observed in September at all stations. It was observed that mean precipitation heights increased from September to December and then decreased throughout the basin. It is predicted that decreases in precipitation during dry seasons may put intense pressure on agricultural water use and affect water quality. In addition, the increase in precipitation in spring months may increase flood events. It was determined that graphical innovative trend analysis methods are more effective in trend identification than MK, and these methods' results have much higher visual inspection and linguistic interpretation possibilities. Innovative methods allow for more flexible and in-depth analysis using different statistical parameters.

Computational methods for predicting human behaviour in smart environments

This systematic literature review presents the computational methods of human behaviour prediction research from Pentland and Liu’s seminal 1999 paper on human behaviour prediction to the latest research to date. The PRISMA framework for systematic reviews was used as the review methodology to structure this information aggregation. This review provides a high-level summary of the field with key areas identified for new research. The results show that there are frequently used datasets for training predictive models: MavHome, MavLab, LIARA, CASAS, PlaceLab, and REDD. Accuracies in the range of 43.9% to 100% for predictions of varying complexity. Common data structures for modelling behavioural data: Vectors, tables, trees, Markov models, and graphs. Algorithms that fall into three distinct categories: Machine Learning (NN, RL, LSTM), Probabilistic Graphical Models (namely Bayesian and Markov variants), and Statistical and Trend Analysis (ARIMA, Prophet). Additionally, we document other notably useful algorithms that fall outside of these three main categories including Jaro-Winkler and Levenshtein distances. Opportunities identified for further research include the use of audio as the data source for behaviour prediction methods, and applying times-series prediction machine learning algorithms (RNN, LSTM) to the smart home problem space.

Mathematical Analysis on Matlab Environment for Experimental Study of the Thermal Properties of Epoxy Reinforced Composite

Over the years, before the invention of software, some experiments especially direct base experiments had minimum limits to conduct compared to now, due to some possible issues surrounding the process, such as high cost, hazard, and time waste, even some experiments are impossible to run due to complex data involved, which then gave rise to the invention of software that aims in making some of these experiments flexible and safe. This research involved thermal experimentation, mathematical analyses in a MATLAB environment, and data comparison of the experiment and mathematical analysis results of an epoxy-reinforced composite. Five samples were developed (E, S1, S2, S3, and S4) using epoxy reinforced with coconut shell fiber, silicon carbide (SiC), and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in different proportions and compositions, applying hand-layup and compression molding. Thermal conductivity, diffusivity, degradation, and specific heat capacity tests were conducted using suitable apparatus and ASTM standard methods. The results indicated the minimum thermal properties of polymer material seen in sample ‘E’, due to no reinforced composite. Polymer material in sample E was improved in sample S1, where coconut shell fiber as municipal solid waste was used as reinforcement, possessing satisfactory thermal strength. Natural synthetic fibers (Al2O3 and SiC) used in this research indicated maximum thermal strength seen from samples S2 - S4, due to ceramic properties and close bond microstructural formation of synthetic fibers. 2020 Commercial License Model (CLM) MATLAB software was used to develop mathematical analyses from the experimental data, which when compared, the mathematical analysis results indicated 95% confident bounds on the root mean square error (RMSE) result having the same graphical trend as the experimental result.

Transient dynamics of pressure-driven encroachment in narrow conduits with rate-dependent body force

We analytically explore the flow of a Newtonian liquid forced to encroach a narrow tube of uniform cross section, by an unsteady pressure gradient, assisted by an encroachment-rate dependent external force. This novel problem is thought to have interesting implications. For instance in medicine where narrow tubes like syringes and needles are typically used to administer medication and in the printing industry. Using an unsteady eigenfunction expansion, the velocity distribution is accurately defined to yield unsteady profiles, contrasting with the classical Poiseuille parabola. We subsequently used our unsteady spectral decomposition to properly capture the kinematics and dynamics hidden in the models. By a detailed comparison between rectangular and circular channels, we show that such model ducts yield interesting similarities that can inform the choices of channels. Moreover, we obtain short and long-time dynamic behaviors, captured using a robust perturbation scheme that elegantly highlights the early and long-time characteristics. In the end, we present plots for encroachment depth and rate and the early and long-term asymptotic approximations and appropriately their graphical trends.