Graphical Sketch Research Articles

Significance of Cattaneo–Christov heat flux theory and convective heat transport on Maxwell nanofluid flow

AbstractRecently, nanofluids, which are solutions of fluids mixed with suspended nano‐particles, for instance, carbon nanotubes, metals, and metal oxides, have become a favorable alternative to conventional coolants. Caused by their outstanding thermal performance of conductivity, nanofluids are extensively used in battery‐operated drums, thermoelectric producers, and solar power. The suspension of minor solid components in energy dispersion fluids boosts their thermal enactment of conductivity and gives an economical and resourceful method to increase their transfer properties of heat significantly. Furthermore, additions of nanofluids to numerous engineering and mechanical matters, for instance, electrical kit conserving, heat exchangers, and chemical progressions, are uses of nanofluid. Here, the purpose of this work is to elaborate on the flow of Maxwell nanofluid by considering chemical reactions and heat sink/source. The mathematical structure is established with the presence of Brownian movement and thermophoresis effects. The remarkable aspects of non‐Fourier heat flux are also considered with the transport phenomenon of convective conditions. The similarity alterations change the partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The obtained expressions of ODEs are solved numerically via the bvp4c approach. The graphical sketches display the declining behavior of Maxwell factor for velocity; however, the same impacts are examined for Brownian and thermophoresis factors. Furthermore, Schmidt and chemical reaction factors decline the concentration field of Maxwell nanofluid.

A numerical approach to radiative ternary nanofluid flow on curved geometry with porous media and multiple slip constraints

AbstractEnergy scarcity is among the biggest global challenges which is aggravating with each passing day due to ever increasing energy demands of contemporary livings as well as industrial requirements verses finite and rapidly depleting fossil reserves of our planet. Improving energy efficiency is one of the effective ways to cope with this challenge. Ternary nanofluids (TNF) are a dynamic novel class of fluids possessing unique thermophysical and other functional characteristics making them the most efficient heat transporting fluids of 21st century. These fluids have promising applications in major manufacturing and processing industries, emerging nanotechnologies and bio‐medical domains. The novel theme of this pragmatic study is analysis of bio‐convective TNF flow by stretchable porous curved surface considering effects of thermal radiation, chemical reaction, magnetic field, and various slip constraints. The modeled partial differential equations (PDEs) governing fluid flow under presumptions are converted to ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by suitable transformation relations. Numerical solutions are presented in graphical sketches and tabular forms using MATLAB bvp4c package for physical interpretations of sundry controlling variables impacts. To gauge veracity of computed results, comparisons with already published results have been presented. Moreover, the statistical concept of Pearson correlation coefficient has been employed to prove strong relationship between slip parameters and physical quantities. Research concludes that thermal efficiency of TNF improves by rising velocity slip, magnetic force, curvature factor, thermal radiation, and thermophoresis effects. Velocity slip and thermal slip improve concentration boundary layer. Gyrotactic microorganisms’ density improves for higher velocity slip, temperature slip while depreciates for larger values of nanoparticle concentration slip and motile organism density slip.

Effect of Thermal Radiation on Fractional MHD Casson Flow with the Help of Fractional Operator

This study examines the effects of Newtonian heating along with heat generation, and thermal radiation on magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid over a vertical plate. At the boundary, the Newtonian heating phenomena has been employed. The problem is split into two sections for this reason: momentum equation and energy equations. To transform the equations of the given model into dimensionless equations, some particular dimensionless parameters are defined. In this article, generalized Fourier’s law and the recently proposed Caputo Fabrizio fractional operator are applied. The corresponding results of non-dimensional velocity and heat equations can be identified through the application of Laplace transform. Moreover, Tzou’s algorithm as well as Stehfest’s algorithm is implemented to recognize the inverted Laplace transform of heat and momentum equations. Finally, a graphical sketch is created using Mathcad 15 software to demonstrate the results of numerous physical characteristics. It has been reported that the heat and velocity drop with rising Prandtl number values, whereas the fluid’s velocity has been seen to rise with increasing Grashof number values. Additionally, current research has shown that flow velocity and temperature increase with rising values of a fractional parameter.

The portals of the facades of buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Kyiv

The compositional features were considered and the portals of the facades of buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were classified. in Kyiv. Their symbolism, structure and structural construction, stylistics and characteristic architectural and decorative features were studied. The purpose of the study: to investigate and analyze the compositional, stylistic and semantic features of the portals of the facades of buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. in Kyiv, to develop the principles of classification of portals and conduct their classification. Methodology. The research was conducted on the basis of the following methods: empirical, theoretical and empirical-theoretical. The empirical method includes observation, photo-fixation, graphic sketches and constructions, comparisons and generalizations. Theoretical techniques include: going from the abstract to the concrete, abstraction, concretization, identification and separation. Most of the work was carried out using empirical and theoretical methods. The results. Photographs, graphic sketches and classification of building portals of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were carried out. in Kyiv based on the developed compositional-constructive and stylistic principles of classification. It was found that the portals are located mainly on the main compositional axes of the facades of historical buildings, namely on the main vertical divisions, which are highlighted by risalites, bay windows, attics, towers and often changed scale and shape of windows. The role of the portals in the overall composition of the building and the problem of violation of the compositional integrity of the facades due to the replacement or destruction of individual parts and elements of the portals have been revealed. In particular, as a result of unsuccessful repairs and renovations in some buildings of the historical center, the entrance doors were replaced with faceless, rough, unscaled ones, which distorted not only individual facades, but also entire sections of the urban environment. The scientific novelty and practical significance of the research lies in the identification of the compositional and semantic features of the portals of the facades of Kyiv buildings of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as well as in the detailed analysis of the compositional structure, constructive and stylistic components of the portals. A scientific novelty is the developed classification of the portals of the historical buildings of Kyiv. The research will contribute to the deepening of theoretical and practical knowledge about the peculiarities of Kyiv portals of the specified period, which can be used in the restoration and reconstruction of buildings of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. in Kyiv. The developed classification of portals will be a useful educational reference material for students - future architects and designers who are interested in the peculiarities of Kyiv's historical buildings.

Insight of Jeffrey flow over a stretching Riga plate with activation energy and viscous dissipation: Melting heat transfer regime

AbstractPresent article highlights the significance of Arrhenius activation energy along with viscous dissipation in Jeffrey fluid over a Riga plate. Riga plate is basically an actuator made up of array of magnets and electrodes scaled on a plane surface to tackle the weaker electrical conductivity during fluid flow. In order to ensure the novelty, a reliable melting heat surface condition has been incorporated on nonlinear stretching Riga plate of variable thickness to reconnoiter features of heat transfer. Moreover, stagnation point has been retained in this study. Adequate transformations are employed in order to attain system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. A well known semi analytical technique (Homotopy analysis method) is utilized to obtain series solutions of prevailing dimensionless equations. Influence of several apposite parameters on velocity, thermal and concentration distributions is analyzed graphically. Physical evaluation and graphical sketch is presented for drag force coefficient and rate of heat transfer. Analysis of velocity as well as associated boundary layer thickness gives the growing up impact for the strength of modified Hartmann number. Enhancement of dimensionless reaction rate and endothermic/exothermic reaction parameter results in increment for heat flux over stretching Riga plate. Increase in thermal distribution takes place for higher Eckert number while thermal boundary layer thickness depicts opposite trend in this case. Concentration boundary layer thickness enhances while concentration profile declines for higher Schmidt number. Velocity distribution is found to be incremented for intense melting process. Higher dimensionless activation energy parameter is analyzed to be responsible for growing up concentration field.

EXECUTION OF GRAPHIC STILL-LIFE WITH INK AS THE BASIS FOR MASTERING THE LANGUAGE OF GRAPHICS

The article represents detailed stages and results of performing graphic still-lifes with ink in three main techniques: "lines", "spots", "hatches". Examples and types for setting still-life or alternative using photo images taken from open sources with mandatory changes and introduced details are given. Also the principles and examples for performing graphic and tonal sketches are presented, as an important stage in the search for a composition, which are reproduced on formats of graphic still-lifes through their spot solution to be the most objective and expressive. The technique for making a "cardboard" – a preparatory drawing and transferring the image to the formats of three graphic still-lifes is presented. The usage of tonal graphic sketches and "cardboard" is suggested along with traditional manual techniques and computer (digital) graphics technology. The principles and methods for using lines when creating a graphic still-life in the appropriate technique and variants of performing graphic still-lifes in the techniques of "lines", "spots" in comparison with each other are presented. The principles of division and combination of white and black with variants of their combinatorics are considered on the examples of graphic still-lifes in the "spot" technique. The stages for performing graphic still-lifes in the "hatching" technique, from the disclosure of large tonal gradations to the generalization of the work, are considered in detail. The methods for using different hatching techniques on different parts of the image of a graphic still-life are given. By the separate block for each section of the specified three graphic techniques the parallel between graphic still-lifes as educational tasks and graphic works of professional artists of Ukraine and the world is demonstrated.

APPLICATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE PARSING FOR IDENTIFYING NON-SURVEYED BOUNDARIES TOWARDS ENHANCED SYSTEMATIC LAND TITLING: RESULTS FROM PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENT

The need for the adoption of systematic land titling (SLT) in Nigeria cannot be overemphasised. Nonetheless, the problems of speed and cost of geospatial data acquisition, as well as identification of non-surveyed boundaries, remain unresolved, impeding the effectiveness of SLT for non-surveyed boundaries. The integration of language into Artificial Intelligence (AI) has allowed Natural Language Parsing (NLP) to effectively serve as a tool for communication between humans and computer systems. This study presents preliminary results of testing a prototype application that utilises NLP to convert textual descriptions into graphic sketches as a tool towards the production of a-priori sketches that can aid SLT in non-surveyed boundaries. The study determines that NLP alone cannot be used to achieve the required accuracy in geospatial data for SLT; however, the study concludes that NLP can be integrated alongside other ancillary information to enhance SLT in peri-urban regions.

Numerical simulation of the permeable wedge-shaped geometry incorporating electroosmosis, solar radiation and heat source-sink effects

The present work deals with the convective double diffusive magneto-cross-nanofluid flow across the permeable wedge. Inclined magnetic field, electro-osmosis, heat source-sink parameter, and solar radiation process are the manuscript's standout characteristics. The numerical simulation of the given flow results in a system of generic nonlinear differential equations, which are then exactly transformed into ordinary differential equations. The visual results are drawn using the bvp4c approach to see the effects of relevant changing elements across the porous wedge. The velocity field generally behaves as the increasing function of thermal and solutal Grashof number but surges along the nanofluid Grashof number. The Brownian diffusion coefficient surges the temperature and double-diffusivity, while minors the concentration. The radiation increases the temperature while lowering the concentration rate and the double diffusivity due to the relative importance of thermal radiation and conduction heat transfer. The nanofluid Lewis number particularly slows down the double-diffusivity profile. Electro-osmotic flow is a typical technique in chemical analysis, soil analysis and processing, and microfluidic devices employing structures with high-voltage surfaces. In the limiting case, current results are also compared to previously published literature. The graphical sketches of local skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number contour elaborated our analyses more precisely.

«Сестра музыки — это поэзия»: стихи русских поэтов в романсах С.В. Рахманинова

The article examines six of S.V. Rachmaninov’s 83 romances based on poems by famous poets of the Silver Age: “Dream” by F. Sologub, “The Pied Piper” by V. Bryusov, “To Her” A. Bely, “Au” by K. Balmont, “At Night in my Garden” by A. Isaakian (translated by A. Blok), “Daisies” by Igor Severyanin. These romances, written in the summer of 1916 in Ivanovka, turned out to be Rachmaninov’s last appeal to the poetic word. Attention is paid to the history of their creation and performance associated with the writer M.S. Shaginyan and the wonderful singer N.P. Koshits. Genre specifics, peculiarities of the fusion of poetry, music and vocal art are analyzed. It is shown that Russian lyrics inspired the musician to create new techniques of musical imagery, enriching the sound palette. In the musical drawing of Rachmaninov’s romances, along with a smooth rhythmic dominant, noticeable pauses, figures of “birdsong”, watercolor and graphic sketches of flowers appeared. Special attention is paid to the little-known history of Rachmaninov’s long-term communication with the author of the words to the romance “Daisies”, which is recognized as the best in the work under consideration. For this purpose, the letters of the Northerner to Rachmaninoff are given, as well as the text and circumstances of the creation of the poem “They all talk about one thing …” (1927) with a dedication to “Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff”.

When the Powerpolis Paused: Representations of Political Trauma of Indian Emergency in Delhi Calm

ABSTRACT Indian emergency is a period that is often counted among the dark days of post-Independent Indian history. Apart from the repeal of fundamental rights, this period also witnessed an autocratic rule by state-aided machinery that mostly affected the underprivileged sections. While censorship prevented narratives of these twenty-one months, literature took up the task of producing counter-narratives of common man’s experiences like slum demolition, mass arrests, curfew and vasectomy. Political trauma related to the period is two-fold; the first one being the trauma of abandonment and second one being the trauma of revelation. The current study proposes to analyze how Vishwajyoti Ghosh’s graphic novel sketches the political trauma of Emergency in Delhi. Referring to Delhi as the Powerpolis and Indira Gandhi as Mother Moon, Ghosh has employed a number of techniques to narrate the tale of silence. With flex boards, newspapers, and slogans lining up the pages, this tale in sepia presents the reader with a rather disturbing version of emergency through the eyes of a group of young activists. The study focuses on Ghosh’s character selection, narrative techniques, caricatures to understand the dynamics of representation and how Ghosh’s choice of graphic medium aptly conveys the trauma of state-aided oppression during times of emergency. Jenny Edkins’ idea of the trauma of betrayal will also be employed to analyze how the autocratic regime destabilized the Indian ideal of a democratic nation.

Analysis of Liquid Chromatography Considering a Linear Single-Component Heterogeneous-Type Reactive General Rate Model.

This paper elaborates on the significance of liquid chromatography for a single-component reactive linear general rate model. The model equations consist of a set of two coupled partial differential equations, which include diffusion, interfacial mass transfer, axial dispersion, external and intraparticle pore diffusivity, and heterogeneous chemical reaction of the first order with two sets of boundary conditions. The model equations are solved by the Laplace transformation. The actual time domain solution is obtained by numerical Laplace inversion, as analytical inversion cannot be obtained. The graphical sketch of different physical parameters is presented to analyze the dynamics of the elution profiles. The result indicates that the chromatographic reactor works more efficiently on increasing the value of the heterogeneous-type first-order reaction. To check the analytical results, a second-order high-resolution finite volume scheme is used. Both results are in good agreement and indicate the correctness of the numerical scheme. The current work is also compared with the previously available numerical schemes, which shows that the proposed numerical scheme is better for elaborating the chromatographic reactor performance. A comparison table is also presented to compute error analysis and computational run time for analyzing the efficiency of the reactor. A graphical sketch of the numerical temporal moment analysis is also presented, which gives significant information about the performance and the shape of the concentration profiles.

Impact of double diffusivity on the hyperbolic tangent model conveying nano fluid flow over the wedge

The significant thing in our analysis is to inspect the double-diffusivity convection for the hyperbolic tangent nanofluid model, under the spotlight effects of activation energy and viscosity over the wedge-shaped geometry. Activation energy enunciates chemical reaction and also Buongiorno model is applied to highlight the important features of the thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion coefficient. The convection of double diffusivity is illustrated through Soret and Dufour parameter. The mathematical modeling of demarcated flow produces a collection of non-linear partial differential equations, which are consequently transmuted into ordinary differential equations using suitable transformation. The graphical results for these ordinary differential equations are created using the Bvp4c approach. The effect of pertinent parameters on fluid flow, thermal variation, concentration and double diffusivity profiles are examined. The velocity field generally behaves as the decreasing function of thermal and nanofluid Grashof number but surges along the Solutal Grashof number. The Brownian diffusion coefficient surges the temperature profile and minors the concentration and double-diffusivity. Soret diffusivity surges the concentration distribution when fluid crosses the edge of the wedge. The nanofluid Lewis number particularly slows down the double-diffusivity profile. The graphical sketches of local skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, isothermal contour and streamlines flow elaborated our analyses more precisely.

Physical insight into magneto-thermo-migration of motile gyrotactic microorganisms over a flexible cylinder with wall slip, and Arrhenius kinetics

A numerical simulation of magneto-bioconvective DF (Darcy-Forchheimer) transport of gyrotactic microbes using the Williamson nanofluid model over a flexible cylinder under the physical effects of Arrhenius activation energy, thermal radiation, triple stratifications and wall slip is performed in this research communication. The flow dynamics also take into consideration the thermo-migration and random (haphazard) motion's physical effects. The similarity transformations are opted to translate the governing system of non-linear coupled PDEs into ODEs, which are then numerically tackled using the sophisticated MATLAB function named bvp4c. The significant effects of developing emergent physical factors on the accompanying fields are exploited via graphical sketches and numerically constructed tables. It is determined that strengthening the Williamson, porosity, magnetic parameters, and Forchheimer number causes considerable slowing of transport profiles. Thermal enrichment can be seen by increasing thermal radiation and thermophoresis parameters. Microbe concentration rises as a response to activation energy and reaction parameters. The current model may be used to solve various biological, biomedical, bioengineering, architectural thermal insulation, geophysical activities, and ecological problems.

Entropy generation and thermal analyses of a Cross fluid flow through an inclined microchannel with non‐linear mixed convection

AbstractThe temperature difference of the various applications such as microchannel heat exchangers, microelectronics, solar collectors, automotive systems, micro fuel cells, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is relatively large. The buoyancy force (mixed convection) modeled by the conventional Boussinesq approximation is inadequate since the density of the operating fluids fluctuates non‐linearly with the temperature difference. Therefore, the mixed non‐linear convective transport of the flow of Cross fluid through three different geometric aspects (horizontal, vertical, and inclined) of the microchannel under the non‐linear Boussinesq (NBA) approximation is investigated. Mechanisms of internal heat source, Rosseland radiative heat flux, and frictional heating are incorporated into the thermal analysis. The mathematical construction is proposed using the Cross fluid model for a steady‐state, and subsequent non‐linear differential equations are deciphered by the spectral quasi‐linearization method (SQLM). Graphical sketches were constructed and displayed that explore the stimulus of various key parameters on Bejan number, velocity, temperature, and entropy generation. It is found that the Bejan number and entropy production improved due to the non‐linear density temperature variation. The convective heating boundary conditions augment the entropy production. The pressure gradient accelerates the transport of fluid in a microchannel. Furthermore, among three different geometries, the velocity, entropy production, and temperature are the highest for the vertical microchannel.

Образы готической архитектуры в графике Огюста Родена

The graphic heritage of Auguste Rodin has been studied unevenly, his sketches and sketches of a nude model are devoted to an extensive body of research, while the architectural drawings of the sculptor are not fully covered in modern research literature. For O. Rodin, the Gothic temples of France became an occasion for discussions about the culture and history of the country, about man, harmony and the role of creative energy in the world, these are very individual experiences superimposed on the artistic understanding of the medieval style. The scattered remarks of the famous expert made up an anthology of the artist’s impressions and reflections on the medieval heritage of the native country. The 1914 edition included the author’s text and a series of graphic sketches reproduced with maximum accuracy corresponding to the technical capabilities of the beginning of the century. «French Cathedrals» can be considered as a variant of the artist’s book, where a bright expressive text, given in a conversational manner, is interspersed with light, lively, expressive sketch-like drawings that betray the atmosphere of Gothic churches, architectural details and a sense of the space of churches. O. Rodin’s creative method develops the techniques of the French Impressionists, the images of medieval architecture performed by the sculptor echo a series of views of the Rouen Cathedral by Claude Monet. Expressive sketches created by the intense graphic rhythm of the stroke and the plastic almost sculptural line convey the overall impression of the facade and interior of the temple. O. Rodin created an innovative and traditional image, individual in the understanding of medieval heritage and universal, reflecting the history and culture of France, extremely modern (including from the point of view of the type of publication), but at the same time correlating with the established principle, the work of the Impressionists and the national tradition of understanding French history.

Организация изучения академического рисунка в художественно-педагогической подготовке студентов

The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the organization of drawing training in the artistic and pedagogical training of students. The article discusses the main ways of using short-term graphic sketches in the study of academic drawing. The main difficulties encountered by students in the learning process are noted, and recommendations for their solution are given. Short-term tasks used by us in the process of working with students in drawing classes stimulate compositional thinking, introduce the means, techniques, rules, laws of graphic composition, enable students to competently combine graphic materials. The exercises that we have developed are based on methodological developments in the field of academic drawing of the twentieth century, when eclecticism appeared in the visual arts and teachers of fine arts began to allow students to combine different graphic materials to a greater extent following individual advanced artists of this era. We worked with students of the Design, DPI orientation from 2013 to 2016. Work with students of the Fine Arts orientation in this field began in 2010 and continues to the present. The scientific novelty lies in the development and experimental verification of methodological recommendations, individual aspects of the organization of the study of drawing by future teachers-artists. As a result, the conditions for the organization of drawing training in the performance of practical work by students have been identified, which make it possible to increase the effectiveness of academic drawing and composition classes.

Computational approach and dynamical aspects of fractional second grade fluid with heat and mass transport in cylindrical domain

The purpose of the present article is to set up some new exact derivations for velocity, temperature, and concentration fields correlating with unsteady, incompressible model of second-order fluid near an infinitely placed vertical cylinder with the influence of heat and mass transfer. With help of appropriate similarity conversions, governing system of partial differential equations as well as boundary constraints are reduced to dimensionless form. The fractional calculus approach is used to study the memory effects on the fluid flow behavior. Laplace along with Hankel transforms are accustomed to investigate the general form of closed solutions for velocity, temperature, and mass fields. The influences of distinct physical parameters are presented through graphical discussion and tables. The main findings through graphical sketch are that the Grashof number and Prandtl number show opposite correspondence to velocity distribution. Furthermore, the temperature distribution is decreasing function with respect to Prandtl number.

Multiple slips impact in the MHD hybrid nanofluid flow with Cattaneo\u2013Christov heat flux and autocatalytic\xa0chemical reaction

The present study deliberates the nanofluid flow containing multi and single-walled carbon nanotubes submerged into Ethylene glycol in a Darcy–Forchheimer permeable media over a stretching cylinder with multiple slips. The innovation of the envisaged mathematical model is enriched by considering the impacts of non-uniform source/sink and modified Fourier law in the energy equation and autocatalytic chemical reaction in the concentration equation. Entropy optimization analysis of the mathematical model is also performed in the present problem. Pertinent transformations procedure is implemented for the conversion of the non-linear system to the ordinary differential equations. The succor of the Shooting technique combined with the bvp4c MATLAB software is utilized for the solution of a highly nonlinear system of equations. The impacts of the leading parameters versus engaged fields are inspected through graphical sketches. The outcomes show that a strong magnetic field strengthens the temperature profile and decays the velocity profile. Also, the fluid velocity is lessened for growing estimates of the parameter of slip. Additionally, it is detected that entropy number augmented for higher thermal relaxation parameter and Reynolds number. To substantiate the existing mathematical model, a comparison table is also added. An excellent correlation is achieved here.

The contribution of the middle cerebral artery and callosal artery to the vascularisation of the Facies convexa of the brain in horses with reference to the equine-specific cartographic pattern of the neopallium.

The extremely complex surface architecture of the equine brain does not allow a uniform transfer of anatomical data from other mammalian species, e.g., dog or cat. Rather, a special approach is required to elucidate the equine-specific patterns of cerebral vascular ramifications. Therefore, a novel cartographic system was applied. Prior attention was paid to the A. cerebri media (MCA) and to the A. corporis callosi (CA), as they spread over the widest part of the neopallium's Facies convexa (i.e. the lateral and dorsal surface), thus being of particular interest in terms of surgical treatment of trauma of the skull and brain. The brains of 17 adult warmblood horses were studied. The neopallium's Facies convexa was subdivided into 15 sectors clearly delineated by the primary sulci and by related auxiliary lines. The courses and destinations of main branches (= branches of 1st or 2nd order, with a minimum calibre of 0.75 mm) of MCA and CA were topographically analysed by means of superimposed graphical sketches. The MCA had six main branches (numbered in rostrocaudal direction); the CA had seven main branches. The main branches of the MCA spread over the widest part of the Facies convexa, but never reached the rostral pole and the caudal pole of the neopallium. Clearly, the main branches of CA proceeded from the hemisphere's medial side across the Margo dorsalis cerebri, thus supplying rostrodorsal and dorsal sectors of the Facies convexa. The topographical analysis of the vascular ramification patterns (regions of residence) in combination with the cartographic system of sectors of the neopallium respected the equine-specific surface architecture. It highlighted the distinct vascular supply areas and the particular multiple-supply situations especially in sectors presumably related to the equine area motorica.

Import Substitute for Production of Ultrapure Water by Membrane Integrated Process for Medical and Biotechnological Applications

The present invention discloses an inexpensive import substitute compact design of low-cost membrane process for the production of ultrapure water for dialysis and medical applications in different fields like pathological laboratories, biochemical analysis, sterilization and sanitation, dental and optical lens cleansers. The ultrapure water of demineralization (DM) process is related to the cascaded high- flux and high-selective membrane system for hyper permeation which is operated under the pressure of 3-7 kg/cm2 to generate DM water with total dissolved solids (TDS) of 0−2 ppm. The DM water system is designed for a capacity in the range of 25–60 L/h capacity and its salient features include compact design of the membrane assembly with higher effective membrane area per unit volume to ensure higher DM water recovery at relatively lower pressure compared to the existing reverse osmosis (RO) membrane system. The process pertaining to the present invention is more economical, low maintenance and highly effective compared to the conventional demineralization and more expensive demineralization membrane units currently available in the market. The configuration of the membrane modules adapted in the present invention is simple, easy to operate and useful for several biotechnological, biochemical, medical, and industrial applications shown as graphical sketch figure1.